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Liu H, Ran T, Zhang C, Yang W, Wu X, Degen A, Long R, Shi Z, Zhou J. Comparison of rumen bacterial communities between yaks (Bos grunniens) and Qaidam cattle (Bos taurus) fed a low protein diet with different energy levels. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982338. [PMID: 36147854 PMCID: PMC9486477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yak (Bos grunniens), an indigenous bovine on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP), is reported to digest low quality forage to a greater extent and to require less protein and energy for maintenance than the introduced Qaidam cattle (Bos taurus). Ruminal bacteria play a major role in feed degradation, and therefore, we hypothesized that ruminal bacteria composition would differ between yaks and cattle, and confer an advantage to yaks for poor quality diets. To test our hypothesis, we determined the ruminal bacteria profiles, rumen fermentation parameters, and enzyme activities in these bovine species consuming a low-protein diet differing in energy level. Six castrated yaks (155 ± 5.8 kg) and 6 castrated Qaidam cattle (154 ± 8.0 kg) were used in two concurrent 4 × 4 Latin square designs with 2 additional animals of each species in each period. The animals were offered a low-protein diet of 70.4 g/kg dry matter (DM) and one of four metabolizable energy levels, namely 6.62, 8.02, 9.42, and 10.80 MJ/kg. Ruminal pH, concentrations of ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the molar proportion of acetate, and the ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P) were greater (P < 0.05), whereas the molar proportion of propionate was lesser (P = 0.043) in yaks than in cattle. With increasing dietary energy level, ruminal pH, the molar proportion of acetate and the ratio of A:P decreased linearly (P < 0.05), whereas, the concentration of total VFAs, molar proportions of propionate, butyrate, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate and concentration of ammonia-N increased linearly (P < 0.05). The relative abundance (RA) of Firmicutes increased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas, the RA of Bacteroidetes decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing energy level in both bovine species. The RAs of Prevotella and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing energy level in both yaks and cattle. The RAs of fibrolytic (e.g., Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group), and H2-incorporating (e.g., Quinella) bacteria were greater (P < 0.05) in yaks than in cattle. We concluded that the two bovines differ in ruminal bacterial profiles and rumen fermentation parameters, and confer an advantage to yaks over cattle in consuming a low protein diet with differing energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruijun Long
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zunji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zunji Shi,
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Jianwei Zhou,
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Gluconeogenesis Alteration and p53-SIRT6-Fox01 Signaling Adaptive Regulation in Sheep from Different Grazing Periods. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4614665. [PMID: 35936357 PMCID: PMC9352496 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4614665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The decline in sheep health and meat quality caused by seasonal nutritional deficiencies has always been an important problem in the production of naturally grazing sheep. Glucose metabolism is crucial in ruminants for adequate cell function and maintenance of the body tissues and systems. However, whether glucose metabolism, especially gluconeogenesis, is affected by seasonal grazing conditions has not been fully uncovered. Thus, twelve sheep from two seasons (dry and green grass periods) in natural grazing areas of Inner Mongolia, China, were selected for this study. Their serum glucose, insulin, PC, and PEPCK levels and volatile fatty acid (gluconeogenesis material) concentrations in rumen fluid were analyzed. The expression of key enzymes including PC, PEPCK, GLUT2, and G6P of gluconeogenesis and their regulators INSR, PI3K/AKT and p53-SIRT6-Fox01 in the liver was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. The results revealed significant variances in gluconeogenesis and its indicators and showed p53-SIRT6-Fox01 as having potential regulation in different grazing periods. This study offers new insights into the mechanism of gluconeogenesis and adaptive regulation between dry grass period and green grass period and also provides a reference for maintaining the health of sheep and meat quality despite seasonal nutritional deficiencies.
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Li T, Zhang H, Wang X, Yin D, Chen N, Kang L, Zhao X, Ma Y. Cloning, Molecular Characterization and Expression Patterns of DMRTC2 Implicated in Germ Cell Development of Male Tibetan Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072448. [PMID: 32244802 PMCID: PMC7177445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The double sex and mab-3-related transcription factors like family C2 (DMRTC2) gene is indispensable for mammalian testicular function and spermatogenesis. Despite its importance, what expression and roles of DMRTC2 possesses and how it regulates the testicular development and spermatogenesis in sheep, especially in Tibetan sheep, remains largely unknown. In this study, DMRTC2 cDNA from testes of Tibetan sheep was firstly cloned by the RT-PCR method, and its molecular characterization was identified. Subsequently, the expression and localization patterns of DMRTC2 were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The cloning and sequence analysis showed that the Tibetan sheep DMRTC2 cDNA fragment contained 1113 bp open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding 370 amino acids, and displayed high identities with some other mammals, which shared an identical DM domain sequence of 47 amino acids ranged from residues 38 to 84. qPCR and Western blot results showed that DMRTC2 was expressed in testes throughout the development stages while not in epididymides (caput, corpus, and cauda), with higher mRNA and protein abundance in Tibetan sheep testes of one- and three-year-old (post-puberty) compared with that of three-month-old (pre-puberty). Immunofluorescence results revealed that immune staining for DMRTC2 protein was observed in spermatids and spermatogonia from post-puberty Tibetan sheep testes, and gonocytes from pre-puberty Tibetan sheep testes. Together, these results demonstrated, for the first time, in sheep, that DMRTC2, as a highly conserved gene in mammals, is essential for sheep spermatogenesis by regulating the proliferation or differentiation of gonocytes and development of spermatids in ram testes at different stages of maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
- Sheep Breeding Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Minqin 733300, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - De′en Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Nana Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Lingyun Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (D.Y.); (N.C.); (L.K.)
- Sheep Breeding Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Minqin 733300, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-1225
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