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Gupta V, Goel A, Ncho CM, Jeong CM, Choi YH. Neonatal α-Ketoglutaric Acid Gavage May Potentially Alleviate Acute Heat Stress by Modulating Hepatic Heat Shock Protein 90 and Improving Blood Antioxidant Status of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2243. [PMID: 39123769 PMCID: PMC11310969 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of neonatal α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) gavage feeding on broilers. The first experiment was conducted to determine the effect of AKG on day-old broilers. A total of seventy-two-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups: (i) Two groups of chicks with gavage feeding of 0.6 mL of distilled water (DDW) for four consecutive days (CON); (ii) chicks fed with 0.6 mL of 0.1% AKG dissolved in DDW on the day of hatch (AL) followed by 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% for three consecutive days; and (iii) chicks fed with 0.6 mL of 0.2% AKG dissolved in DDW on the day of hatch (AH) followed by 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for three consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the first gavage feeding, six birds per treatment were slaughtered to study the organ development. Chicks fed with AKG showed higher absolute (p = 0.015) and relative (p = 0.037) weights of the gizzard. The AH group had higher absolute (p = 0.012) and relative (p = 0.035) heart weights. The second experiment was carried out to determine the effect of AKG on 15-day-old broilers under acute heat stress (AHS) for 3.5 h at 33 ± 1 °C. Forty-eight birds (12 per treatment) were raised until 15 days of age, divided into four treatments with equal numbers (n = 12), and given one of the following four treatments: (i) CON group reared at standard temperature (25 ± 1 °C) (CON-NT); (ii) CON group subjected to AHS (33 ± 1 °C) for 3.5 h (CON-HT); (iii) AL group subjected to AHS (33 ± 1 °C) for 3.5 h (AL-HT); and (iv) AH group subjected to AHS (33 ± 1 °C) for 3.5 h (AH-HT). There was a significant reduction in the change in BW (ΔBW, p = 0.005), an increase in the final rectal temperature (RTf) (p = 0.001), and a decreased final body weight (BWf) for all the treatments under AHS. Further, AHS led to an increased expression of hepatic heat shock protein (HSP)70 (p = 0.009), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase (NOX)1 (p = 0.006), and NOX4 (p = 0.001), while nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) remained significantly unaffected. Hepatic expression of HSP90 decreased in the AL-HT treatment as compared to CON-HT (p = 0.008). Plasma antioxidant status measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and antioxidant balance (AB) improved linearly (p = 0.001) as the concentration of AKG increased. Neonatal gavage feeding of AKG could potentially alleviate heat stress in broilers by enhancing plasma antioxidant levels and modulating HSP90 expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Gupta
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (V.G.); (A.G.); (C.M.N.); (C.-M.J.)
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Akshat Goel
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (V.G.); (A.G.); (C.M.N.); (C.-M.J.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Major Ncho
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (V.G.); (A.G.); (C.M.N.); (C.-M.J.)
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Mi Jeong
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (V.G.); (A.G.); (C.M.N.); (C.-M.J.)
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (V.G.); (A.G.); (C.M.N.); (C.-M.J.)
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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He F, Jin X, Wang C, Hu J, Su S, Zhao L, Geng T, Zhao Y, Pan L, Bao N, Sun H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and Lactobacillus plantarum JL01 improved nitrogen metabolism in weaned piglets by regulating the intestinal flora structure and portal vein metabolites. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200594. [PMID: 37455717 PMCID: PMC10338925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, most studies have shown that probiotics have a positive regulatory effect on the nutritional metabolism of the body, but the mechanism is still unclear. Here, 48 piglets were divided into four groups. The control group was not fed probiotics, the Lac group was fed L. Rhamnosus GG ATCC53103, the Rha group was fed L. Plantarum JL01, and the mix group was fed two types of probiotics. Nitrogen metabolism and mRNA levels of mTOR and S6K in skeletal muscle were observed in each group. Then, metagenome and non-targeted metabonomics were used to observe the changes of intestinal microorganisms and plasma metabolites in portal channels after probiotics feeding. Finally, we combined the results of omics analysis to reveal the mechanism of probiotics on nitrogen metabolism in weaned piglets. The results showed that L. Rhmnosus GG ATCC53103 and L. Plantarum JL01 increased nitrogen apparent digestibility, nitrogen deposition rate, and nitrogen utilization rate of weaned piglets (P < 0.05); the relative expression of mTOR and SK6 mRNA in skeletal muscle increased significantly (P < 0.05). When L. rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and L. plantarum JL01 were combined, we found that Clostridium and Prevotella significantly increased in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Prevotella in the ileum increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, L-Tryptophan, 3-Phosphonyloxypyruvate, cis-Aconitate, and Carbamoyl phosphate were significantly increased in the mixed group portal vein. The result of the combinatorial analysis showed that the significantly increased microorganisms could encode the enzyme genes for the synthesis of L-Tryptophan, 3-Phosphonooxypyruvate, cis-Aconitate, and Carbamoyl phosphate. In summary, our results demonstrated that L. Rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and L. Plantarum JL01 could stimulate the expression of skeletal muscle protein synthesis genes of weaned piglets by modulating the structure of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, thereby improving nitrogen metabolism in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueying Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Tian J, Yang F, Bao X, Jiang Q, Li Y, Yao K, Yin Y. Dietary Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation Improves Bone Growth, Phosphorus Digestion, and Growth Performance in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:569. [PMID: 36830356 PMCID: PMC9951703 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) pollution from modern swine production is a major environmental problem. Dietary interventions to promote bone growth can improve the utilization of dietary P, and thereby reduce its emission. Recent in vitro studies have shown that alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) exerts a pro-osteogenic effect on osteoblast cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of AKG supplementation on bone growth, P and Ca digestion, and the gut microbial profile in piglets. Thirty-two piglets were randomly assigned into two dietary groups. The piglets were fed a basic diet containing 10 g/kg AKG or 10 g/kg maize starch (control) for 28 days. On days 21-28, titanium dioxide was used as an indicator to determine the apparent digestibility of P. AKG supplementation improved the bone mineral density, length, weight, and geometrical and strength properties of the femur and tibia. Furthermore, AKG supplementation increased apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of P. Colonic microbiota analysis results showed that AKG supplementation increased α-diversity and beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Clostridium butyricum, and decreased nitrogen fixation and chemoheterotrophy. Together, AKG supplementation improves bone growth, the utilization of dietary P, and the colonic microbial profile, which may provide a nutritional strategy for diminishing P pollution originating from the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Xuetai Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Kang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
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Wu D, Fan Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Wang L, Wang L. Low Protein Diets Supplemented With Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhance the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Health in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Front Immunol 2022; 13:915657. [PMID: 35720284 PMCID: PMC9200961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation in a low protein (LP) diet on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 600 carp were randomly divided into five dietary groups: a normal protein (NP) diet containing 32% crude protein, an LP diet formulated with 28% crude protein, and LP with AKG at 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% (dry matter). After an 8-week trial period, the results demonstrated that an LP diet led to a decrease in performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function. Compared with the LP group, the final body weight and weight gain rate in the LP+0.4% AKG group were significantly higher, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased with the addition of 0.4% and 0.8% AKG. The supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% AKG markedly increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px, as well as the expression levels of GPX1a and GPX1b relative to the LP group, whereas the MDA content was significantly decreased in the LP+0.4% AKG group. In addition, the expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-3, claudin-7, ZO-1, and MLCK were significantly up-regulated in the LP+0.4% AKG group, and the relative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6α were significantly lower with the addition of 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% AKG. Moreover, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the LP+0.4% AKG group was lower than that in the LP group, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria was higher at the phylum level. The abundance of Citrobacter in the LP+0.4% AKG group was decreased compared to the LP group, while the abundance of Aeromonas was increased at the genus level. In short, the effects of AKG on the intestinal health of the common carp were systematically and comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of intestinal physical barrier, chemical barrier, biological barrier, and immune barrier. We found that an LP diet supplemented with 0.4% AKG was beneficial to the growth performance and intestinal health of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- AHP Application Research Institute, Weifang Addeasy Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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Yang Z, He T, Bumbie GZ, Hu H, Chen Q, Lu C, Tang Z. Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112092. [PMID: 33187139 PMCID: PMC7696704 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate a low protein corn-soybean meal-based diet with the same Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level as a high protein diet on fecal crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs with an initial body weight of (30 ± 1.35) kg were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates in each group, and fed a corn-soybean meal-based diets with 12%, 15% and 18% CP levels, respectively. Our aim was to explain whether the addition of four crystalline essential AAs (EAA) to a low diet affected the digestibility of protein-bound NEAA (non-essential amino acid) and EAA and the composition of microbial AA in ileum and feces. Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Yang
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Z.T.); Tel.: +86-1568-0923-972 (Z.Y.); +86-1399-6192-900 (Z.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiru Tang
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Z.T.); Tel.: +86-1568-0923-972 (Z.Y.); +86-1399-6192-900 (Z.T.)
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