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Wu X, Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Zhong P, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Li Z. Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources: Part I. Accounting and mitigation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 140:279-291. [PMID: 38331508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs) and agriculture is recognized as its primary emitter. Methane accounting is a prerequisite for developing effective agriculture mitigation strategies. In this review, methane accounting methods and research status for various agricultural emission source including rice fields, animal enteric fermentation and livestock and poultry manure management were overview, and the influencing factors of each emission source were analyzed and discussed. At the same time, it analyzes the different research efforts involving agricultural methane accounting and makes recommendations based on the actual situation. Finally, mitigation strategies based on accounting results and actual situation are proposed. This review aims to provide basic data and reference for agriculture-oriented countries and regions to actively participate in climate action and carry out effective methane emission mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Yinghui Han
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Yagang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Xiaodan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Pei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
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Palangi V. Identification of Ruminal Fermentation Curves of Some Legume Forages Using Particle Swarm Optimization. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081339. [PMID: 37106901 PMCID: PMC10135319 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The modeling process has a wide range of applications in animal nutrition. The purpose of this work is to determine whether particle swarm optimization (PSO) could be used to explain the fermentation curves of some legume forages. The model suited the fermentation data with minor statistical differences (R2 > 0.98). In addition, reducing the number of iterations enhanced this method's benefits. Only Models I and II could successfully fit the fermentability data (R2 > 0.98) in the vetch and white clover fermentation curve because the negative parameters (calculated in Models III and IV) were not biologically acceptable. Model IV could only fit the alfalfa fermentation curve, which had higher R values and demonstrated the model's dependability. In conclusion, it is advised to use PSO to match the fermentation curves. By examining the fermentation curves of feed materials, animal nutritionists can obtain a broader view of what ruminants require in terms of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Türkiye
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Della Rosa MM, Sandoval E, Luo D, Pacheco D, Jonker A. Effect of feeding fresh forage plantain (Plantago lanceolata) or ryegrass-based pasture on methane emissions, total-tract digestibility, and rumen fermentation of nonlactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6628-6638. [PMID: 35787331 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) is an herb used to reduce the forage deficit of ryegrass-based pastures during the summer. This herb is being promoted for its reduced environmental impact in terms of nitrogen emissions, particularly reducing urinary nitrogen. However, the effect of plantain on emissions of enteric CH4, the main greenhouse gas produced from ruminant-based production systems, is not known. The aim of the present trial was to determine CH4 emissions and rumen fermentation characteristics of nonlactating dairy cows fed 100% plantain (PLT) or 100% perennial ryegrass (RG; Lolium perenne) in 2 experiments (E1 and E2). The forages were in a vegetative growth stage in E1 and were in a reproductive growth stage in E2. Methane emissions from 16 cows in each experiment were measured in respiration chambers for 2 d. Methane emissions per unit of dry matter intake (CH4 yield) were 15 and 28% less for cows fed PLT than those fed RG in E1 and E2, respectively. Dry matter digestibility of PLT was 7 and 27% less than that of RG in E1 and E2, respectively, and CH4 per unit of dry matter digested was similar for PLT and RG in both experiments. There were only minor (but some significant) differences in rumen fermentation characteristics between cows fed PLT and RG in both experiments. In conclusion, CH4 yield was lower for cows fed PLT compared with those fed RG in both experiments and this reduction was largely explained by the lesser dry matter digestibility of PLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Della Rosa
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11 Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - E Sandoval
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11 Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - D Luo
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11 Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - D Pacheco
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11 Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Jonker
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11 Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Sun X, Cheng L, Jonker A, Munidasa S, Pacheco D. A Review: Plant Carbohydrate Types—The Potential Impact on Ruminant Methane Emissions. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:880115. [PMID: 35782553 PMCID: PMC9249355 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.880115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the major component of most ruminant feeds. The digestion of carbohydrates in the rumen provides energy to the ruminants but also contributes to enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Fresh forage is the main feed for grazing ruminants in temperate regions. Therefore, this review explored how dietary carbohydrate type and digestion affect ruminant CH4 emissions, with a focus on fresh forage grown in temperate regions. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Rhamnose is the only monosaccharide that results in low CH4 emissions. However, rhamnose is a minor component in most plants. Among polysaccharides, pectic polysaccharides lead to greater CH4 production due to the conversion of methyl groups to methanol and finally to CH4. Thus, the degree of methyl esterification of pectic polysaccharides is an important structural characteristic to better understand CH4 emissions. Apart from pectic polysaccharides, the chemical structure of other polysaccharides per se does not seem to affect CH4 formation. However, rumen physiological parameters and fermentation types resulting from digestion in the rumen of polysaccharides differing in the rate and extent of degradation do affect CH4 emissions. For example, low rumen pH resulting from the rapid degradation of readily fermentable carbohydrates decreases and inhibits the activities of methanogens and further reduces CH4 emissions. When a large quantity of starch is supplemented or the rate of starch degradation is low, some starch may escape from the rumen and the escaped starch will not yield CH4. Similar bypass from rumen digestion applies to other polysaccharides and needs to be quantified to facilitate the interpretation of animal experiments in which CH4 emissions are measured. Rumen bypass carbohydrates may occur in ruminants fed fresh forage, especially when the passage rate is high, which could be a result of high feed intake or high water intake. The type of carbohydrates affects the concentration of dissolved hydrogen, which consequently alters fermentation pathways and finally results in differences in CH4 emissions. We recommend that the degree of methyl esterification of pectic polysaccharides is needed for pectin-rich forage. The fermentation type of carbohydrates and rumen bypass carbohydrates should be determined in the assessment of mitigation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Xuezhao Sun
| | - Long Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arjan Jonker
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sineka Munidasa
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pacheco
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- David Pacheco
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Sun X. Invited Review: Glucosinolates Might Result in Low Methane Emissions From Ruminants Fed Brassica Forages. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:588051. [PMID: 33195622 PMCID: PMC7581797 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.588051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane is formed from the microbial degradation of feeds in the digestive tract in ruminants. Methane emissions from ruminants not only result in a loss of feed energy but also contribute to global warming. Previous studies showed that brassica forages, such as forage rape, lead to less methane emitted per unit of dry matter intake than grass-based forages. Differences in rumen pH are proposed to partly explain these low emissions. Rumen microbial community differences are also observed, but the causes of these are unknown, although altered digesta flow has been proposed. This paper proposes a new mechanism underlying the lower methane emissions from sheep fed brassica forages. It is reported that feeding brassica forages to sheep can increase the concentration of free triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum, while the intramuscular injection of FT3 into sheep can reduce the mean retention time of digesta in the rumen. The short retention time of digesta is associated with low methane production. Glucosinolates (GSLs) are chemical components widely present in plants of the genus Brassica. After ruminants consume brassica forages, GSLs are broken down in the rumen. We hypothesize that GSLs or their breakdown products are absorbed into the blood and then may stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormone FT3 in ruminants, and the altered thyroid hormone concentration may change rumen physiology. As a consequence, the mean retention time of digesta in the rumen would be altered, resulting in a decrease in methane emissions. This hypothesis on mitigation mechanism is based on the manipulation of animal physiological parameters, which, if proven, will then support the expansion of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
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