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Alors D, Amses KR, James TY, Boussiba S, Zarka A. Paraphysoderma sedebokerense GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host Haematococcus lacustris. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:561. [PMID: 35736044 PMCID: PMC9224648 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GlnS) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism. We investigated the effect of the GlnS inhibitor glufosinate on the infection of H. lacustris by the blastocladialean fungus P. sedebokerense, assuming that interfering with the host nitrogen metabolism will affect the success of the parasite. Complete inhibition of infection, which could be bypassed by the GlnS product glutamine, was observed at millimolar concentrations of glufosinate. However, this effect of glufosinate was attributed to its direct interaction with the blastoclad and not the host, which results in development and growth inhibition of the blastoclad. In our P. sedebokerense draft genome, we found that the sequence of GlnS is related to another fungal GlnS, type III, found in many poor known phyla of fungi, including Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, and absent in the main subkingdom of fungi, the Dikarya. We further tested the ability of the blastoclad to utilize nitrate and ammonia as inorganic nitrogen sources and glutamine for growth. We found that P. sedebokerense equally use ammonia and glutamine and use also nitrate, but with less efficiency. Altogether, our results show that GlnS type III is mandatory for the development and growth of P. sedebokerense and could be an efficient target to develop strategies for the control of the fungal parasite of H. lacustris.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alors
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede-Boker Campus Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
- Departamento de Biología y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Campus San Juan Pablo II, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 478 0694, Chile
| | - Kevin R. Amses
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.R.A.); (T.Y.J.)
| | - Timothy Y. James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.R.A.); (T.Y.J.)
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede-Boker Campus Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
| | - Aliza Zarka
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede-Boker Campus Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel;
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Liu X, Huan Z, Zhang Q, Zhong M, Chen W, Aslam M, Du H. Glutamine Synthetase (GS): A Key Enzyme for Nitrogen Assimilation in The Macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1059-1070. [PMID: 31206671 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to address the importance of glutamine synthetase II (GSII) during nitrogen assimilation in macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The cDNA full-length sequence of the three glGSII genes was revealed to have the 5' m7 G cap, 5'-untranslated region, open reading frame (ORF), 3'-untranslated region, and a 3' poly (A) tail. The three glGSIIs were classified into plastid glGS2 and cytosolic glGS1-1 and glGS1-2, having conserved GSII domains but different cDNA sequences. The complicated 5' end flanking region indicates complex function of glGS genes. glGS1 genes were significantly up-regulated under the different NH4+ : NO3- ratio (i.e., 40:10, 25:25, 10:40, and 0:50) except glGS2 which dramatically up-regulated under the low NH4+ : NO3- ratio (i.e., 10:40 and 0:50) during different cultivation times. These different expression patterns perhaps are due to the different biological roles of GS1 and GS2 in the gene family. Furthermore, hypothetical working model of nitrogen assimilation pathway exhibiting the role of glGS1 and glGS2 is proposed. Finally, glGS2 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the optimal conditions for culture (15°C, overnight), purification (500 mM imidazole washing), and activity (pH 7.4, 37°C) were established. This study lays a very important foundation for exploring the role of GS in nitrogen assimilation in algae and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhongyan Huan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Qingfang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
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Sharon-Gojman R, Leu S, Zarka A. Antenna size reduction and altered division cycles in self-cloned, marker-free genetically modified strains of Haematococcus pluvialis. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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