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Shao Z, Wang W, Zhang P, Yao J, Wang F, Duan D. Genome-wide identification of genes involved in carbon fixation in Saccharina japonica and responses of putative C 4-related genes to bicarbonate concentration and light intensity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:75-83. [PMID: 30743083 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae play a dominant role in the primary productivity of coastal ecosystems and may have an efficient carbon fixation. In this work, 56 genes involved in inorganic carbon fixation were identified from the Saccharina japonica genome. Sequence structure analysis of these genes showed the existence of corresponding function domains and active amino acid sites highly conserved with other stramenopile species. The predicted subcellular localizations showed that Calvin cycle-related enzymes predominantly reside in the plastid and that putative C4-related enzymes are mainly distributed in the mitochondrion. We determined the transcriptional profiles and enzymatic activities of these C4-related enzymes in response to the KHCO3 concentrations and light intensities. Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) presented the greatest response to low HCO3- concentrations and high light intensity. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was up-regulated at low HCO3- concentrations to compensate for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and might be the crucial decarboxylase in this kelp. We propose that S. japonica might possess a PPDK- and PEPCK-dependent C4-like pathway that enables its rapid growth in natural coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanru Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Brightmoon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, No.777 Mingyue Road, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianting Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Brightmoon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, No.777 Mingyue Road, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Delin Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Brightmoon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, No.777 Mingyue Road, Qingdao, 266400, China.
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Lachmann SC, Mettler‐Altmann T, Wacker A, Spijkerman E. Nitrate or ammonium: Influences of nitrogen source on the physiology of a green alga. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1070-1082. [PMID: 30805141 PMCID: PMC6374670 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In freshwaters, algal species are exposed to different inorganic nitrogen (Ni) sources whose incorporation varies in biochemical energy demand. We hypothesized that due to the lesser energy requirement of ammonium ( NH 4 + )-use, in contrast to nitrate ( NO 3 - )-use, more energy remains for other metabolic processes, especially under CO2- and phosphorus (Pi) limiting conditions. Therefore, we tested differences in cell characteristics of the green alga Chlamydomonas acidophila grown on NH 4 + or NO 3 - under covariation of CO2 and Pi-supply in order to determine limitations, in a full-factorial design. As expected, results revealed higher carbon fixation rates for NH 4 + -grown cells compared to growth with NO 3 - under low CO2 conditions. NO 3 - -grown cells accumulated more of the nine analyzed amino acids, especially under Pi-limited conditions, compared to cells provided with NH 4 + . This is probably due to a slower protein synthesis in cells provided with NO 3 - . In contrast to our expectations, compared to NH 4 + -grown cells NO 3 - -grown cells had higher photosynthetic efficiency under Pi-limitation. In conclusion, growth on the Ni-source NH 4 + did not result in a clearly enhanced Ci-assimilation, as it was highly dependent on Pi and CO2 conditions (replete or limited). Results are potentially connected to the fact that C. acidophila is able to use only CO2 as its inorganic carbon (Ci) source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences and Institute of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Heisenberg‐Group: Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Elly Spijkerman
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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Pierangelini M, Ryšánek D, Lang I, Adlassnig W, Holzinger A. Terrestrial adaptation of green algae Klebsormidium and Zygnema (Charophyta) involves diversity in photosynthetic traits but not in CO 2 acquisition. PLANTA 2017; 246:971-986. [PMID: 28721563 PMCID: PMC5633629 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basal streptophyte Klebsormidium and the advanced Zygnema show adaptation to terrestrialization. Differences are found in photoprotection and resistance to short-term light changes, but not in CO 2 acquisition. Streptophyte green algae colonized land about 450-500 million years ago giving origin to terrestrial plants. We aim to understand how their physiological adaptations are linked to the ecological conditions (light, water and CO2) characterizing modern terrestrial habitats. A new Klebsormidium isolate from a strongly acidic environment of a former copper mine (Schwarzwand, Austria) is investigated, in comparison to Klebsormidium cf. flaccidum and Zygnema sp. We show that these genera possess different photosynthetic traits and water requirements. Particularly, the Klebsormidium species displayed a higher photoprotection capacity, concluded from non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and higher tolerance to high light intensity than Zygnema. However, Klebsormidium suffered from photoinhibition when the light intensity in the environment increased rapidly, indicating that NPQ is involved in photoprotection against strong and stable irradiance. Klebsormidium was also highly resistant to cellular water loss (dehydration) under low light. On the other hand, exposure to relatively high light intensity during dehydration caused a harmful over-reduction of the electron transport chain, leading to PSII damages and impairing the ability to recover after rehydration. Thus, we suggest that dehydration is a selective force shaping the adaptation of this species towards low light. Contrary to the photosynthetic characteristics, the inorganic carbon (C i ) acquisition was equivalent between Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Despite their different habitats and restriction to hydro-terrestrial environment, the three organisms showed similar use of CO2 and HCO3- as source of Ci for photosynthesis, pointing out a similar adaptation of their CO2-concentrating mechanisms to terrestrial life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Ryšánek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Maberly SC, Gontero B. Ecological imperatives for aquatic CO2-concentrating mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3797-3814. [PMID: 28645178 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, the concentration of inorganic carbon is spatially and temporally variable and CO2 can be substantially oversaturated or depleted. Depletion of CO2 plus low rates of diffusion cause inorganic carbon to be more limiting in aquatic than terrestrial environments, and the frequency of species with a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), and their contribution to productivity, is correspondingly greater. Aquatic photoautotrophs may have biochemical or biophysical CCMs and exploit CO2 from the sediment or the atmosphere. Though partly constrained by phylogeny, CCM activity is related to environmental conditions. CCMs are absent or down-regulated when their increased energy costs, lower CO2 affinity, or altered mineral requirements outweigh their benefits. Aquatic CCMs are most widespread in environments with low CO2, high HCO3-, high pH, and high light. Freshwater species are generally less effective at inorganic carbon removal than marine species, but have a greater range of ability to remove carbon, matching the environmental variability in carbon availability. The diversity of CCMs in seagrasses and marine phytoplankton, and detailed mechanistic studies on larger aquatic photoautotrophs are understudied. Strengthening the links between ecology and CCMs will increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecological success and will place mechanistic studies in a clearer ecological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR 3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13 402 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
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