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Ma X, Miao X, Fan S, Zang Y, Zhang B, Li M, Zhang X, Fu M, Wang Z, Xiao J. Dynamics of green macroalgal micro-propagules and the influencing factors in the southern Yellow Sea, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173658. [PMID: 38821269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Micro-propagules (banks of microscopic forms) play important roles in the expansion of green tides, which are spreading on eutrophic coasts worldwide. In particular, large-scale green tides (Yellow Sea Green Tide, YSGTs) have persisted in the Yellow Sea for over 15 years, but the dynamics and functions of micro-propagules in their development remain unclear. In the present study, year-round field surveys were conducted to identify the reservoirs and investigate the persistence mechanisms and associated biotic and abiotic factors driving the temporal and spatial variations of micro-propagules. Micro-propagules in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) showed evident spatial heterogeneity in terms of seasonal patterns and major influencing factors. Offshore of the SYS, the micro-propagule population underwent ephemeral expansion along with a large-scale bloom of floating Ulva algae in late spring and early summer. The Subei Shoal, particularly the sediments in the central raft region, had the highest micro-propagule abundance (MA) and was a major reservoir. The pronounced seasonal variation of MA in the Subei Shoal was primarily associated with the attached Ulva algae on Neopyropia aquaculture rafts. Vast aquaculture rafts provided essential substrates for micro-propagules to complete their life cycle and replenish the seed bank, thereby sustaining persistent YSGTs. It implied that habitat modification has pronounced ecological impacts on this intertidal muddy flat. The unique environmental conditions (enriched nutrients, esp. nitrate, favourable seawater temperatures in spring, and strong tidal mixing) facilitated the abundance, seasonal variation and recruitment of micro-propagules in the Subei Shoal. Given the current mitigation measures implemented in the raft region, further research is required to monitor and investigate the physiological and ecological responses of micro-propagule populations to the complex hydrobiological, geochemical, and physical matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shiliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Baotang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingzhu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Gossard DJ. Syncopation and synchrony: Phenological dynamics of Pyropia nereocystis (Bangiophyceae) in central California. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:710-723. [PMID: 38551084 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pyropia nereocystis is an annual northeastern Pacific-bladed bangialean species whose macroscopic stage epiphytized the annual canopy forming bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana. I examined three in situ facets of these epiphyte-host dynamics in the central California region: (1) spatial and temporal variation in the presence of P. nereocystis epiphytes as a function of host density, (2) the relationship between individual host morphology and epiphytic P. nereocystis biomass, and (3) the ecophysiological growth ramifications for subtidal transplants of both life stages of P. nereocystis. Swath canopy surveys and whole host collections were conducted at five sites between November 2017 and February 2019. Additionally, transplants of P. nereocystis gametophytes and sporophytes were conducted across multiple subtidal depths. I observed temporal changes in the proportions of hosts epiphytized by P. nereocystis, with differences in seasonal persistence of P. nereocystis among sites and between years. Biomass of P. nereocystis was positively correlated with individual host stipe length, stipe surface area, and the primary principal component (PC) of stipe morphometrics denoted by principal component analysis (PCA). Gametogenesis in P. nereocystis epiphytes was spatially heterogeneous and limited for the 2018-2019 cohort due to comprehensive removal of hosts by the February 2019 sampling period. Transplants of P. nereocystis gametophytes yielded similar growth responses among depths, and sporophyte (conchocelis) transplant areal growth was positively correlated with transplant depth. These findings detail spatiotemporal complexity and multi-scale (individual, site, and whole region) phenological nuances for central Californian P. nereocystis epiphytes.
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Krueger-Hadfield SA, Shainker-Connelly SJ, Crowell RM, Vis ML. The eco-evolutionary importance of reproductive system variation in the macroalgae: Freshwater reds as a case study. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:15-25. [PMID: 37948315 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The relative frequency of sexual versus asexual reproduction governs the distribution of genetic diversity within and among populations. Most studies on the consequences of reproductive variation focus on the mating system (i.e., selfing vs. outcrossing) of diploid-dominant taxa (e.g., angiosperms), often ignoring asexual reproduction. Although reproductive systems are hypothesized to be correlated with life-cycle types, variation in the relative rates of sexual and asexual reproduction remains poorly characterized across eukaryotes. This is particularly true among the three major lineages of macroalgae (green, brown, and red). The Rhodophyta are particularly interesting, as many taxa have complex haploid-diploid life cycles that influence genetic structure. Though most marine reds have separate sexes, we show that freshwater red macroalgae exhibit patterns of switching between monoicy and dioicy in sister taxa that rival those recently shown in brown macroalgae and in angiosperms. We advocate for the investigation of reproductive system evolution using freshwater reds, as this will expand the life-cycle types for which these data exist, enabling comparative analyses broadly across eukaryotes. Unlike their marine cousins, species in the Batrachospermales have macroscopic gametophytes attached to filamentous, often microscopic sporophytes. While asexual reproduction through monospores may occur in all freshwater reds, the Compsopogonales are thought to be exclusively asexual. Understanding the evolutionary consequences of selfing and asexual reproduction will aid in our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of all algae and of eukaryotic evolution generally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roseanna M Crowell
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Morgan L Vis
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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van der Reis AL, Sewell MA, Nelson WA. Investigating seed bank potential of crustose coralline algae using DNA metabarcoding. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:195-202. [PMID: 37864777 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
To examine the potential for the autogenic ecosystem engineers, crustose coralline algae (CCA), to serve as seed banks or refugia for life stages of other species, it is critical to develop sampling protocols that reflect the diversity of life present. In this pilot study on two shallow water species of CCA collected from Raoul Island (Kermadec Islands; Rangitāhua) New Zealand, we investigated two preservation methods (ethanol vs. silica gel), sampled inner and outer regions of the crusts, and used DNA metabarcoding and seven genes/gene regions (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 23S rRNA, cox1, rbcL, and tufA genes and the ITS rRNA region) to develop a protocol for taxa identification. The results revealed immense diversity, with typically more taxa identified within the inner layers than the outer layers. As highlighted in other metabarcoding studies and in earlier work on rhodoliths (nodose coralline algae), reference databases are incomplete, and to some extent, the use of multiple markers mitigates this issue. Specifically, the 23S rRNA and rbcL genes are currently more suitable for identifying algae, while the cox1 gene fares better at capturing the diversity present inclusive of algae. Further investigation of these autogenic ecosystem engineers that likely act as marine seed banks is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary A Sewell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wendy A Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Schroeder DC, Schoenrock KM, McHugh TA, Ray J, Krueger-Hadfield SA. Phaeoviruses found in recovering Nereocystis luetkeana kelp forest community. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:818-821. [PMID: 37547987 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Declan C Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Tristin Anoush McHugh
- Reef Check Foundation, Marina Del Rey, California, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - James Ray
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Coastal Conservation, Eureka, California, USA
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Markussen Bjorbaekmo MF, Brodie J, Krabberød AK, Logares R, Fuss J, Fredriksen S, Wold-Dobbe A, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Bass D. 18S rDNA gene metabarcoding of microeukaryotes and epi-endophytes in the holobiome of seven species of large brown algae. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:859-878. [PMID: 37726938 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are habitat-forming species in coastal ecosystems and include kelp forests and seaweed beds that support a wide diversity of marine life. Host-associated microbial communities are an integral part of phaeophyte biology, and whereas the bacterial microbial partners have received considerable attention, the microbial eukaryotes associated with brown algae have hardly been studied. Here, we used broadly targeted "pan-eukaryotic" primers (metabarcoding) to investigate brown algal-associated eukaryotes (the eukaryome). Using this approach, we aimed to investigate the eukaryome of seven large brown algae that are important and common species in coastal ecosystems. We also aimed to assess whether these macroalgae harbor novel eukaryotic diversity and to ascribe putative functional roles to the host-associated eukaryome based on taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic placement. We detected a significant diversity of microeukaryotic and algal lineages associated with the brown algal species investigated. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were taxonomically assigned to 10 of the eukaryotic major supergroups, including taxonomic groups known to be associated with seaweeds as epibionts, endobionts, parasites, and commensals. Additionally, we revealed previously unrecorded sequence types, including novel phaeophyte OTUs, particularly in the Fucus spp. samples, that may represent fucoid genomic variants, sequencing artifacts, or undescribed epi-/endophytes. Our results provide baseline data and technical insights that will be useful for more comprehensive seaweed eukaryome studies investigating the evidently lineage-rich and functionally diverse symbionts of brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit F Markussen Bjorbaekmo
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Marine Biology, Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum (NHM), Science, London, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anders K Krabberød
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Janina Fuss
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Fredriksen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Wold-Dobbe
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Bass
- Natural History Museum (NHM), Science, London, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Dorset, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Cao J, Liu J, Zhao S, Tong Y, Li S, Xia Z, Hu M, Sun Y, Zhang J, He P. Advances in the research on micropropagules and their role in green tide outbreaks in the Southern Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114710. [PMID: 36860024 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The green tide event that occurred in the Southern Yellow Sea in 2007 lasted for 16 years, causing serious economic losses and ecological damage to coastal cities. To address this problem, a series of studies were conducted. However, the contribution of micropropagules to green tide outbreaks remains poorly understood, and the relationship between micropropagules and green algae that are settled nearshore or floating at sea also needs to be further explored. The present study focuses on the identification of these micropropagules in the Southern Yellow Sea and uses the Citespace tool to quantitatively analyze current research hotspots, frontier trends, and development trends. In addition, it examines the micropropagules' life cycle and how it directly affects the green algal biomass and clarifies the temporal and spatial distribution of micropropagules in the entire Southern Yellow Sea. The study also discusses unresolved scientific problems and limitations in the current research on algal micropropagules and provides an outlook on future research directions. We expect to further analyze the contribution of micropropagules to green tide outbreaks and provide data to support comprehensive green tide management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Cao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yichao Tong
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Meijuan Hu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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8
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Leal PP, Roleda MY, Fernández PA, Nitschke U, Hurd CL. Reproductive phenology and morphology of Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Ochrophyta) from southern New Zealand in relation to wave exposure 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1619-1635. [PMID: 34153125 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrocystis pyrifera is a major habitat forming kelp in coastal ecosystems of temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. We investigated the seasonal occurrence of adult sporophytes, morphological characteristics, and reproductive phenology at two sites within a wave-protected harbour and two wave-exposed sites in southern New Zealand every 3-4 months between 2012 and 2013. Seasonality in reproduction was assessed via the number of sporophylls, the occurrence of sori on sporophylls, and non-sporophyllous laminae (fertile pneumatocyst-bearing blades and fertile apical scimitars), meiospore release, and germination. We found that M. pyrifera was present and reproductive year-round in three of the four sites, and patterns were similar for the wave-exposure conditions. Sori were found on pneumatocyst-bearing blades and apical scimitars in addition to the sporophylls, and viable meiospores were released from all three types of laminae. Morphological variations between sites with different wave exposure indicate that sporophytes from wave-protected sites have bigger blades and holdfasts and are longer than those from wave-exposed sites. We discuss the implications of these biological variables for the ecology of M. pyrifera inhabiting different wave exposure environments in southern New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo P Leal
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Departamento de Repoblación y Cultivo, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Balmaceda 252, Casilla 665, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Michael Y Roleda
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Kudalsveien 6, Bodø, 8027, Norway
- The Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pamela A Fernández
- Centro i⁓mar & CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino a Chinquihue Km 6, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Udo Nitschke
- Independent researcher, Jahnstraße 6, Vohburg, 85088, Germany
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
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Ebbing APJ, Pierik R, Fivash GS, van de Loosdrecht NCJ, Bouma TJ, Kromkamp JC, Timmermans K. The role of seasonality in reproduction of multiannual delayed gametophytes of Saccharina latissima. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1580-1589. [PMID: 34164815 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delayed gametophytes are able to grow vegetatively for prolonged periods of time. As such, they are potentially very valuable for kelp aquaculture given their great promise in opening up novel opportunities for kelp breeding and farming. However, large-scale application would require more in-depth understanding of how to control reproduction in delayed gametophytes. For newly formed gametophytes, many environmental factors for reproduction have been identified, with key drivers being light intensity, temperature, and the initial gametophyte density. However, the question of whether delayed gametophytes react similarly to these life cycle controls remains open for exploration. In this study, we performed a full factorial experiment on the influences of light intensity, temperature, and density on the reproduction of multiannual delayed gametophytes of Saccharina latissima, during which the number of sporophytes formed was counted. We demonstrate that delayed gametophytes of S. latissima can reliably reproduce sexually after more than a year of vegetative growth, depending on the effects between light intensity and temperature. Under higher light intensities (≥29 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ), optimal reproduction was observed at lower temperatures (10.2°C), while at lower light intensities (≤15 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ), optimal reproduction was observed at higher temperatures (≥12.6°C). Given the seasonal lag between solar radiation and sea surface temperature in natural systems, these conditions resemble those found during spring (i.e., increasing light intensity with low temperatures) and autumn (i.e., decreasing light intensity with higher temperatures). Seasonality can be used as an aquaculture tool to better control the reproduction of delayed gametophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P J Ebbing
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke C J van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco C Kromkamp
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Timmermans
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Predicting responses to marine heatwaves using functional traits. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 37:20-29. [PMID: 34593256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete but prolonged periods of anomalously warm seawater, can fundamentally restructure marine communities and ecosystems. Although our understanding of these events has improved in recent years, key knowledge gaps hinder our ability to predict how MHWs will affect patterns of biodiversity. Here, we outline a functional trait approach that enables a better understanding of which species and communities will be most vulnerable to MHWs, and how the distribution of species and composition of communities are likely to shift through time. Our perspective allows progress toward unifying extreme events and longer term environmental trends as co-drivers of ecological change, with the incorporation of species traits into our predictions allowing for a greater capacity to make management decisions.
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