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Zhang H, Qin L. Positive feedback loop between dietary nitrate intake and oral health. Nutr Res 2023; 115:1-12. [PMID: 37207592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate was once thought to be an inert end-product of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) heme oxidation; however, this view has been radically revised over the past few decades. Following the clarification of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, accumulated evidence has shown that nitrate derived from the diet is a supplementary source of endogenous NO generation, playing important roles in a variety of pathological and physiological conditions. However, the beneficial effects of nitrate are closely related with oral health, and oral dysfunction has an adverse effect on nitrate metabolism and further impacts overall systemic health. Moreover, an interesting positive feedback loop has been identified between dietary nitrate intake and oral health. Dietary nitrate's beneficial effect on oral health may further improve its bioavailability and promote overall systemic well-being. This review aims to provide a detailed description of the functions of dietary nitrate, with an emphasis on the key role oral health plays in nitrate bioavailability. This review also provides recommendations for a new paradigm that includes nitrate therapy in the treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Ersahan S, Ozcelik F, Sirin DA, Hepsenoglu YE, Ozcelik IK, Topbas C. Is adrenomedullin upregulation due to apical periodontitis independent of periodontal disease? Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00767-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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On the Role of Dietary Nitrate in the Maintenance of Systemic and Oral Health. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10050084. [PMID: 35621537 PMCID: PMC9139378 DOI: 10.3390/dj10050084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of the significance of nitrates ingested with food has undergone a fundamental change in recent years after many controversial discussions. While for a long time, a diet as low in nitrates as possible was advocated on the basis of epidemiological data suggesting a cancer-promoting effect of nitrate-rich diets, more recent findings show that dietary nitrate, after its conversion to nitrite by nitrate-reducing bacteria of the oral microbiota, is an indispensable alternative source for the formation of nitric oxide (NO), which comprises a key element in the physiology of a variety of central body functions such as blood pressure control, defense against invading bacteria and maintenance of a eubiotic microbiota in the gut and oral cavity. This compact narrative review aims to present the evidence supported by clinical and in vitro studies on the ambivalent nature of dietary nitrates for general and oral health and to explain how the targeted adjuvant use of nitrate-rich diets could open new opportunities for a more cause-related control of caries and periodontal disease.
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Morou-Bermúdez E, Torres-Colón JE, Bermúdez NS, Patel RP, Joshipura KJ. Pathways Linking Oral Bacteria, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, and Health. J Dent Res 2022; 101:623-631. [PMID: 35081826 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211064571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate-reducing oral bacteria have gained a lot of interest due to their involvement in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and its important cardiometabolic outcomes. Consortia of nitrate-metabolizing oral bacteria associated with cardiometabolic health and cognitive function have been recently identified. Longitudinal studies and clinical trials have shown that chronic mouthwash use is associated with increased blood pressure and increased risk for prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension. Concurrently, recent studies are beginning to shed some light on the complexity of nitrate reduction pathways of oral bacteria, such as dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), which converts nitrite into ammonium, and denitrification, which converts nitrite to NO, nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen. These pathways can affect the composition and metabolism of the oral microbiome; consequently, salivary nitrate and nitrite metabolism have been proposed as targets for probiotics and oral health. These pathways could also affect systemic NO levels because NO generated through denitrification can be oxidized back to nitrite in the saliva, thus facilitating flux along the NO3--NO2--NO pathway, while DNRA converts nitrite to ammonium, leading to reduced NO. It is, therefore, important to understand which pathway predominates under different oral environmental conditions, since the clinical consequences could be different for oral and systemic health. Recent studies show that oral hygiene measures such as tongue cleaning and dietary nitrate are likely to favor denitrifying bacteria such as Neisseria, which are linked with better cardiometabolic health. A vast body of literature demonstrates that redox potential, carbon-to-nitrate ratio, and nitrate-to-nitrite ratio are key environmental drivers of the competing denitrification and DNRA pathways in various natural and artificial ecosystems. Based on this information, a novel behavioral and microbial model for nitric oxide metabolism and health is proposed, which links lifestyle factors with oral and systemic health through NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morou-Bermúdez
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - J E Torres-Colón
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - N S Bermúdez
- Department of Linguistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Center for Free Radical Biology, AL, USA
| | - K J Joshipura
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Neuropeptides as the Shared Genetic Crosstalks Linking Periodontitis and Major Depression Disorder. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3683189. [PMID: 34721734 PMCID: PMC8553477 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3683189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was at investigating the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and periodontitis based on crosstalk genes and neuropeptides. Methods Datasets for periodontitis (GSE10334, GSE16134, and GSE23586) and MDD (GSE38206 and GSE39653) were downloaded from GEO. Following batch correction, a differential expression analysis was applied (MDD: ∣log2FC | >0 and periodontitis ∣log2FC | ≥0.5, p < 0.05). The neuropeptide data were downloaded from NeuroPep and NeuroPedia. Intersected genes were potential crosstalk genes. The correlation between neuropeptides and crosstalk genes in MDD and periodontitis was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Subsequently, regression analysis was performed to calculate the differentially regulated link. Cytoscape was used to map the pathways of crosstalk genes and neuropeptides and to construct the protein-protein interaction network. Lasso regression was applied to screen neuropeptides, whereby boxplots were created, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was conducted. Results The MDD dataset contained 30 case and 33 control samples, and the periodontitis dataset contained 430 case and 139 control samples. 35 crosstalk genes were obtained. A total of 102 neuropeptides were extracted from the database, which were not differentially expressed in MDD and periodontitis and had no intersection with crosstalk genes. Through lasso regression, 9 neuropeptides in MDD and 43 neuropeptides in periodontitis were obtained. Four intersected neuropeptide genes were obtained, i.e., ADM, IGF2, PDYN, and RETN. The results of ROC analysis showed that IGF2 was highly predictive in MDD and periodontitis. ADM was better than the other three genes in predicting MDD disease. A total of 13 crosstalk genes were differentially coexpressed with four neuropeptides, whereby FOSB was highly expressed in MDD and periodontitis. Conclusion The neuropeptide genes ADM, IGF2, PDYN, and RETN were intersected between periodontitis and MDD, and FOSB was a crosstalk gene related to these neuropeptides on the transcriptomic level. These results are a basis for future research in the field, needing further validation.
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Salliss ME, Maarsingh JD, Garza C, Łaniewski P, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Veillonellaceae family members uniquely alter the cervical metabolic microenvironment in a human three-dimensional epithelial model. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:57. [PMID: 34230496 PMCID: PMC8260719 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a gynecologic disorder characterized by a shift in cervicovaginal microbiota from Lactobacillus spp. dominance to a polymicrobial biofilm composed of diverse anaerobes. We utilized a well-characterized human three-dimensional cervical epithelial cell model in conjunction with untargeted metabolomics and immunoproteomics analyses to determine the immunometabolic contribution of three members of the Veillonellaceae family: Veillonella atypica, Veillonella montpellierensis and Megasphaera micronuciformis at this site. We found that Veillonella spp. infections induced significant elevation of polyamines. M. micronuciformis infections significantly increased soluble inflammatory mediators, induced moderate levels of cell cytotoxicity, and accumulation of cell membrane lipids relative to Veillonella spp. Notably, both V. atypica and V. montpellierensis infections resulted in consumption of lactate, a key metabolite linked to gynecologic and reproductive health. Collectively our approach and data provide unique insights into the specific contributions of Veillonellaceae members to the pathogenesis of BV and women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Salliss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jason D Maarsingh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Camryn Garza
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paweł Łaniewski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Williams RC, Lo Giudice A. Analysis of galectin-3 levels as a source of coronary heart disease risk during periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:597-605. [PMID: 33641161 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Different evidence has shown that Galectins have a key role as modulators of cell surface functions and signaling in a wide range of inflammatory diseases during their preclinical stages. The aim of this study was to analyze the association and impact of periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) on salivary and serum Galectin-3 in patients with periodontitis and CHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the present study, healthy controls (n = 38), periodontitis (n = 40), CHD (n = 39), and a combination of periodontitis +CHD (n = 38) patients were enrolled and analyzed. In each patient, demographic characteristics and a full-mouth clinical periodontal examination were achieved. Moreover, serum and salivary samples were collected to assess Galectin-3 and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. The Jonckheere-Terpstra p-trend and Spearman's correlation tests as well as uni- and linear regression analyses were used to analyze the study data. RESULTS Patients with periodontitis (serum, p = .003; saliva, p < .001) and periodontitis + CHD groups (serum p = .004; saliva, p < .001) had higher median serum and salivary concentrations of Galectin-3 in comparison with CHD and healthy controls. Serum (p = .006) and salivary (p = .009) Galectin-3 levels were significantly correlated with serum ET-1. The multivariate regression analysis highlighted that periodontitis (p = .047) was the significant predictor of serum Galectin-3 levels while ET-1 (p = .028) was the significant predictor of salivary Galectin-3 levels. CONCLUSION The results showed that patients with periodontitis and periodontitis + CHD presented significant higher serum and salivary Galectin-3 levels in comparison with CHD patients and healthy subjects. Periodontitis and ET-1 were the significant predictors of serum and salivary Galectin-3 levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ray C Williams
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Williams RC, Leonardi R. Independent impact of periodontitis and cardiovascular disease on elevated soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels. J Periodontol 2021; 92:896-906. [PMID: 33091149 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that a soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) plays an essential function in leukocytes and endothelial homeostasis and, therefore, in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of gingival health, periodontitis, and CHD on suPAR levels in plasma and saliva and to evaluate suPAR as a biomarker of periodontitis and CHD. METHODS Healthy controls (n = 33), patients with periodontitis (n = 31), CHD (n = 29), and a combination of periodontitis + CHD (n = 29) were enrolled in the present study. All patients were clinically and periodontally evaluated and regularly assessed for socioeconomic status, serum lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and for plasma and salivary suPAR levels. RESULTS Patients with periodontitis (P <.001) and with periodontitis + CHD (P <.001) presented higher median plasma and salivary suPAR levels compared with CHD and healthy controls. Moreover, univariate regression analysis demonstrated that hs-CRP (P <.001) and periodontitis (P <.001) had a significant negative direct effect on both plasma and salivary suPAR levels. The multivariate regression analysis showed that periodontitis was the only significant predictor of plasma suPAR (P = .035) while hs-CRP was the only significant predictor of salivary suPAR (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrated that patients with periodontitis and periodontitis + CHD presented higher suPAR levels in both plasma and saliva in comparison with healthy controls and CHD. Moreover, periodontitis and hs-CRP were the only significant predictors of the augmented suPAR levels in plasma and saliva, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ray C Williams
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Patini R, Ferlito S, Alibrandi A, Palazzo G. Association among serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans specific immunoglobulin antibodies and periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:283. [PMID: 33059645 PMCID: PMC7565341 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum and salivary Immunoglobulin (Ig) Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) specific antibodies in healthy controls (HC) and periodontitis (PT) patients. Furthermore, the objectives were to determine whether PT influenced serum A. actinomycetemcomitans specific antibodies and whether serum or salivary antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG were mediated by serum high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP). METHODS Fifty-three patients with periodontitis and 48 HC were enrolled in the present study. Patients were regularly examined and characterized by clinical, salivary and blood samples analyses. A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA and IgG antibodies and hs-CRP were evaluated using a commercially available kit. The Spearman Correlation Test and Jonckheere-Terpstra Test were applied in order to assess the interdependence between serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG antibodies and clinical periodontal parameters. To evaluate the dependence of the serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels from possible confounders, univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared to HC, patients with PT had significantly higher IgA [serum: PT, 1.89 (1.2-2.2) EU vs HC, 1.37 (0.9-1.8) EU (p = 0.022); saliva: PT, 1.67 (1.4-2.1) EU vs HC, 1.42 (0.9-1.6) EU (p = 0.019)] and A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels [serum: PT, 2.96 (2.1-3.7) EU vs HC, 2.18 (1.8-2.1) EU (p < 0.001); saliva, PT, 2.19 (1.8-2.5) EU vs HC, 1.84 (1.4-2) EU (p = 0.028)]. In PT patients, serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG were associated with a proportional extent of PT and tooth loss (P-trend value< 0.001). The univariate regression analysis demonstrated that PT (p = 0.013) and high hs-CRP (p < 0.001) had a significant negative effect on serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels. The multivariate regression analysis showed that PT (p = 0.033), hs-CRP (p = 0.014) and BMI (p = 0.017) were significant negative predictors of serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG while hs-CRP (p < 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.025) were significant negative predictors of salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG. CONCLUSIONS PT patients presented a significantly higher serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA and IgG compared to HC. There was a significant increase in serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG when patients presented a progressive extent of PT. Moreover, PT and hs-CRP were significant negative predictors of increased salivary and serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04417322 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Wang Y, Huang X, He F. Mechanism and role of nitric oxide signaling in periodontitis. Exp Ther Med 2019. [PMID: 31641379 DOI: 10.3892/etm.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in the progression of periodontal disease, and explored the related genetic mechanisms. An experimental model of periodontitis was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, then they were divided into normal control, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery groups. NO content was determined in the saliva of rats from each group by the Griess reagent method. Pathological changes of the periodontal tissue sections were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The periodontal tissue sections were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2). Significant differences were detected in the iNOS2 expression of the periodontal tissue based on immunohistochemistry. There was a significant time-dependent increase in NO serum levels post-surgery. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), rs2297518 in the iNOS gene and rs841 of the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene, were identified to be closely related to alveolar bone resorption, which is associated with the SNP rs1049255 of the cytochrome b-245 α chain gene. The present findings demonstrated that iNOS2 values increased and NO levels increased with the progression of periodontitis. These results are in agreement with the previous literature. It was hypothesized that NO has a role in the occurrence and development of periodontal disease by regulating the action of certain cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The East Campus of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdao Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The East Campus of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Dental Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Huang X, He F. Mechanism and role of nitric oxide signaling in periodontitis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3929-3935. [PMID: 31641379 PMCID: PMC6796435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in the progression of periodontal disease, and explored the related genetic mechanisms. An experimental model of periodontitis was established in Sprague-Dawley rats, then they were divided into normal control, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery groups. NO content was determined in the saliva of rats from each group by the Griess reagent method. Pathological changes of the periodontal tissue sections were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The periodontal tissue sections were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2). Significant differences were detected in the iNOS2 expression of the periodontal tissue based on immunohistochemistry. There was a significant time-dependent increase in NO serum levels post-surgery. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), rs2297518 in the iNOS gene and rs841 of the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene, were identified to be closely related to alveolar bone resorption, which is associated with the SNP rs1049255 of the cytochrome b-245 α chain gene. The present findings demonstrated that iNOS2 values increased and NO levels increased with the progression of periodontitis. These results are in agreement with the previous literature. It was hypothesized that NO has a role in the occurrence and development of periodontal disease by regulating the action of certain cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The East Campus of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdao Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The East Campus of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Dental Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to critically assess recent studies concerning the use of probiotics to control periodontal diseases, dental caries and halitosis (oral malodour). RECENT FINDINGS Clinical studies have shown that probiotics when allied to conventional periodontal treatment can ameliorate microbial dysbiosis and produce significant improvement in clinical indicators of disease. However, this effect is often not maintained by the host after the end of probiotic use. Current probiotics also show limited effects in treating caries and halitosis. Novel approaches based up on replacement therapy and using highly abundant health-associated oral species, including nitrate-reducing bacteria, have been proposed to improve persistence of probiotic strains and maintain oral health benefits. SUMMARY Probiotics have potential in the management of multifactorial diseases such as the periodontal diseases and caries, by more effectively addressing the host-microbial interface to restore homeostasis that may not be achieved with conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abish S. Stephen
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Li X, Xia X, Li X. Plasmid pLXSN-Mediated Adrenomedullin Gene Therapy for Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3293-3302. [PMID: 28684727 PMCID: PMC5513563 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of ADM gene mediated by plasmid pVAX1 on cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Material/Methods The recombinant plasmid pVAX-ADM was successfully established, and 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal saline, pVAX1, pVAX1-ADM low-dose, pVAX1-ADM mid-dose, and pVAX1-ADM high-dose groups. The circumference and diameter of basilar artery, diameter of middle cerebral artery and internal carotid artery, and thickness of basilar artery wall were observed. The levels of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and levels of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the parietal cortex were detected at different time-points. The expression levels of serum ADM, ET-1, and NOS of each group and the neurological functions were compared. Results The circumference and diameter of basilar artery and the diameter of the middle cerebral artery and internal carotid artery in pVAX1-ADM groups were significantly longer than those in the saline group and pVAX1 group (P<0.05), but the thickness of the basilar artery wall in pVAX1-ADM groups was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the levels of growth or decrease were both dose-dependent (P<0.05). Compared with the saline group and pVAX1 group, the expression levels of serum ADM, NOS, and rCBF in pVAX1-ADM groups were significantly higher (P<0.05), but the levels of serum ET-1 and CEC were significantly lower (P<0.05). The scores of neurobehavioral functions of pVAX1-ADM groups were significantly lower (P<0.05), and the scores were also dose-dependent (P<0.05). Conclusions The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX1-ADM can significantly relieve cerebral vasospasm, increase the expression of serum ADM and NOS, and decrease the expression of serum ET-1 in a rat model of CVS; it is dose-dependent and can also improve nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland).,1st Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoshuang Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Hussain QA, McKay IJ, Gonzales-Marin C, Allaker RP. Detection of adrenomedullin and nitric oxide in different forms of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:16-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. A. Hussain
- Institute of Dentistry; Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - I. J. McKay
- Institute of Dentistry; Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - C. Gonzales-Marin
- Institute of Dentistry; Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - R. P. Allaker
- Institute of Dentistry; Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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