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Zhang M, Liu Y, Afzali H, Graves DT. An update on periodontal inflammation and bone loss. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385436. [PMID: 38919613 PMCID: PMC11196616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Periodontal disease is due to an immune response that stimulates gingivitis and periodontitis, and its systemic consequences. This immune response is triggered by bacteria and may be modulated by environmental conditions such as smoking or systemic disease. Recent advances in single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and in vivo animal studies have provided new insight into the immune response triggered by bacteria that causes periodontitis and gingivitis. Dysbiosis, which constitutes a change in the bacterial composition of the microbiome, is a key factor in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The host immune response to dysbiosis involves the activation of various cell types, including keratinocytes, stromal cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and several lymphocyte subsets, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Periodontal disease has been implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of several systemic conditions, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the complex interplay between the oral microbiome and the host immune response is critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and its systemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, School of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, School of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Hamideh Afzali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Hong J, Luo F, Du X, Xian F, Li X. The immune cells in modulating osteoclast formation and bone metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112151. [PMID: 38685175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are pivotal in regulating bone metabolism, with immune cells significantly influencing both physiological and pathological processes by modulating osteoclast functions. This is particularly evident in conditions of inflammatory bone resorption, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. This review summarizes and comprehensively analyzes the research progress on the regulation of osteoclast formation by immune cells, aiming to unveil the underlying mechanisms and pathways through which diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, impact bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fa Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Lai D, Ma W, Wang J, Zhang L, Shi J, Lu C, Gu X. Immune infiltration and diagnostic value of immune-related genes in periodontitis using bioinformatics analysis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:369-380. [PMID: 36691896 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammatory periodontal disease resulting in destroyed periodontal tissue, is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Many studies have found that inflammatory immune responses are involved in the risk of periodontal tissue damage. Therefore, we analyzed the association between immunity and periodontitis using bioinformatics methods to further understand this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the expression profiles of periodontitis and healthy samples were downloaded from the GEO database, including a training dataset GSE16134 and an external validation dataset GSE10334. Then, differentially expressed genes were identified using the limma package. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration was calculated by using the CIBERSORT algorithm. We further identified genes linking periodontitis and immunity from the ImmPort and DisGeNet databases. In addition, some of them were selected to construct a diagnostic model via a logistic stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Two hundred sixty differentially expressed genes were identified and found to be involved in responses to bacterial and immune-related processes. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrates significant differences in the abundance of most immune cells between periodontitis and healthy samples, especially in plasma cells. These results suggested that immunity doses play a non-negligible role in periodontitis. Twenty-one genes linking periodontitis and immunity were further identified. And nine hub genes of them were identified that may be key genes involved in the development of periodontitis. Gene ontology analyses showed that these genes are involved in response to molecules of bacterial origin, cell chemotaxis, and response to chemokines. In addition, three genes of them were selected to construct a diagnostic model. And its good diagnostic performance was demonstrated by the receiver operating characteristic curves, with an area under the curve of 0.9424 for the training dataset and 0.9244 for the external validation dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Lai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luzhu Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Hu C, Zhang M, Wu J, Cao X, Chen L, Yan J, Liang G, Tan J. Bisphosphonate-Modified Functional Supramolecular Hydrogel Promotes Periodontal Bone Regeneration by Osteoclast Inhibition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9066-9079. [PMID: 36750382 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of periodontal tissue remains a challenge. Under periodontitis, osteoclasts are overactivated and bone loss occurs. We incorporated sodium alendronate (Alen), a medication commonly used to treat osteoporosis, into a supramolecular hydrogel system in order to create a novel biomaterial that would promote periodontal bone regeneration by inhibiting osteoclast overactivation. The Nap-Gly-Phe-Phe (NapGFF) peptide chain was modified to synthesize the functional Nap-Alen gelator. Afterward, the Nap-Alen/HAP supramolecular hydrogel composite with a suitable hydroxyapatite (HAP) ratio was constructed, which has outstanding mechanical properties and 3D structure. In addition to its good biocompatibility, it can inhibit the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and differentiation of osteoclasts. Due to the simultaneous introduction of porous HAP, the hydrogel with a nanofiber structure was formed into a 3D mesh-like sparse porous composite hydrogel. While enhancing the mechanical properties of the gel, the porous structure facilitated the attachment and migration of bone regeneration-related cells. Therefore, it can effectively promote the regeneration of periodontal bone. In the future, by modifying the biophysical properties and loading stem cells or cytokines, this supramolecular hydrogel composite constructed in this study may provide a new strategy for tissue regeneration engineering and provide a preliminary experimental basis for relevant clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xing Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Luxian Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiayin Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Jiali Tan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Huang L, Chen J, Zuo Y, Li J, Yue Y, Wang M, Hao L. Implications of lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 expression in the periodontium of diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20220176. [PMID: 36134856 PMCID: PMC9529203 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes has been strongly associated with periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) has an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are closely associated with various diseases caused by abnormal ECM functions, however, the role of LOXs in periodontal diseases induced by diabetes remains unclear. Methodology In this study, 8-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty rats were used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model. After 9 and 16 weeks, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results After 9 weeks, loose collagen fibers were found in the interradicular area of the diabetic group, in opposition to the control group. There were no significant differences in LOX expression between the diabetic and control groups (p>0.05). However, after 16 weeks, the diabetic group presented a disordered arrangement of the PDL, showing decreased collagen content and significantly increased lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 (LOXL3) expression when compared with the control group (p<0.05). This suggests that LOXL3 plays a significant role in periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. Conclusion Our study showed elevated LOXL3 expression in the PDL of diabetic rats after 16 weeks, suggesting that LOXL3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. LOXL3 could be further used as an indicator for the early diagnosis of diabetic periodontitis in T2DM patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China.,Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China.,Northwest Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuling Zuo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinle Li
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wang
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Hao
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
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