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Graves JM, Abshire DA, Mackelprang JL, Klein TA, Gonzalez C, Parrott K, Eti DU, Ferris JG, Chacon CM, Beck AD. Adult perceptions of mental health access barriers facing youth in rural Washington State: A group concept mapping study. J Rural Health 2024. [PMID: 39138858 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore adult community members' perspectives concerning barriers to mental health care that confront rural-dwelling youth. METHODS Group concept mapping, a participatory community-engaged research method, was used. Adult community members brainstormed and sorted statements describing barriers rural youth encounter in accessing mental health services. Point and cluster maps were created to visualize conceptual similarities between statements. Statements were rated according to their commonness and importance (1: low commonness/importance, 5: high commonness/importance). FINDINGS Thirty-five adults sorted and/or rated 71 barriers facing rural youth in accessing mental health services. Seven conceptual clusters were identified: system-level barriers, knowledge and communication, youth concerns, parent/guardian concerns, parent/guardian barriers, costs and convenience, and school-level barriers. Within youth concerns, community members also identified a subcluster focused on stigma. Common and important statements related to limited after-school programs and community mental health support initiatives. CONCLUSIONS Group concept mapping methodology provides structure for conceptualizing challenges facing rural youth in accessing mental health services. Policies should be informed by rural community concerns and priorities. After-school and support programs may align with mental health needs identified by rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janessa M Graves
- WWAMI Rural Health Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Nursing and Systems Science Department, College of Nursing Spokane, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Demetrius A Abshire
- Department of Biobehavioral Health & Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica L Mackelprang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy A Klein
- Nursing and Systems Science Department, College of Nursing Vancouver, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Carmen Gonzalez
- Department of Communications, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kailee Parrott
- Nursing and Systems Science Department, College of Nursing Spokane, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah U Eti
- Advanced Practice and Community-Based Care Department, College of Nursing Spokane, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States
| | - Jordan G Ferris
- Nursing and Systems Science Department, College of Nursing Spokane, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Christina M Chacon
- Advanced Practice and Community-Based Care Department, College of Nursing Tri Cities, Washington State University, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Ashley D Beck
- Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington, USA
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Baker CN, Strong R, McCord C, Redwine T. Evaluating the Effects of Social Capital, Self-Stigma, and Social Identity in Predicting Behavioral Intentions of Agricultural Producers to Seek Mental Health Assistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912110. [PMID: 36231410 PMCID: PMC9566455 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness significantly impacts agricultural producers, whose occupation puts them at increased risk for compromised mental health and related disorders. Help-seeking intention, which can be mediated by variables such as social identity, social capital, and self-stigma, can lead to improved mental health outcomes. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the intention of agricultural producers to seek mental health assistance and determine whether these three variables are associated with help-seeking intention. Researchers administered a cross-sectional survey of agricultural producers from two regions in 32 Texas counties. Researchers surveyed a sample of Texas agricultural producers (n = 429) to understand their social identity, social capital, and degree of self-stigma, and their intent to seek help for personal or emotional problems and for suicide ideation. Researchers identified a relationship between social identity and social capital, which indicated that social identity is moderately associated with greater levels of social capital. The multiple linear regression analyses confirmed that social capital and self-stigma are significant predictors of producers' help-seeking intention for both help-seeking types. These results signify the importance of efforts to increase social capital, increase mental health literacy and tailor training to address self-stigma and enhance positive help-seeking behavior among agricultural producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie N. Baker
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-309-368-2279
| | - Robert Strong
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Carly McCord
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2900 E. 29th Street, Bryan, TX 77802, USA
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, Health Professions Education Building, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Tobin Redwine
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Younker T, Radunovich HL. Farmer Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010244. [PMID: 35010504 PMCID: PMC8751007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health disorders and suicide amongst agricultural producers is a global problem. Community leaders, researchers, policymakers, and clinicians have mobilized to develop programs to address this issue. This study reviewed a wide range of mental health interventions targeting farmer mental health spanning over 50 years and examined their reported effectiveness and constraints. A total of ninety-two articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review. Most articles were written concerning mental health literacy and peer and paraprofessional support interventions in the United States and Australia. Among the 56 studies reporting empirical evaluative data, 21 were mixed-method, 20 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 5 literature synthesis. Non-experimental, self-reported, and qualitative data suggest efficacy of mental health literacy programs, peer and paraprofessional support, and community-based and agroecological interventions. However, most interventions were not subject to rigorous evaluation and only one intervention was evaluated using a control condition. The heterogeneity of existing studies and paucity of rigorous evaluation proscribes firm conclusions related to program-type efficacy. This review demonstrates that there is still a need for a stronger and broader evidence base in the field of farmer mental health interventions, which should focus on both holistic, multi-component programs and targeted approaches.
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Perkins A, Clarke J, Smith A, Oberklaid F, Darling S. Barriers and enablers faced by regional and rural schools in supporting student mental health: A mixed-methods systematic review. Aust J Rural Health 2021; 29:835-849. [PMID: 34687477 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australian policy reports recommended schools to be leveraged to better support student mental health, with a focus on regional and rural areas where students have poorer mental health outcomes. In designing solutions to address this systemic gap, decision-makers require an understanding of the barriers and facilitators experienced by regional and rural schools. However, current literature has focused on metropolitan schools and neglected to explore facilitators. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on barriers and facilitators in delivering student mental health support experienced by regional and rural schools in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development nations. DESIGN A mixed-methods systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature. FINDINGS The search identified 4819 studies. A full-text review by 2 reviewers resulted in 5 papers, which met the inclusion criteria and were assessed using methodological appraisal. One study used qualitative data, 2 studies used quantitative data, and 2 studies were a mixed-methods design. DISCUSSION While there was a paucity of studies, this review draws together the most up-to-date research. The barriers and facilitators were categorised into 3 themes: access to services and resources; mental health literacy of staff and parents; and communication and collaboration between stakeholders. CONCLUSION This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of the literature and highlights opportunities to leverage rural and regional schools to support student mental health, focusing on the quality of communication and collaboration, and increasing access to services and resources, and mental health literacy. Research should explore the unique advantages of rural and regional areas to inform policy, including a focus on strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Perkins
- Centre of Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jessica Clarke
- Centre of Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ashlee Smith
- Centre of Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Frank Oberklaid
- Centre of Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Simone Darling
- Centre of Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Perceval M, Reddy P, Ross V, Joiner T, Kolves K. Evaluation of the SCARF Well‐Being and Suicide Prevention Program for Rural Australian Communities. J Rural Health 2020; 36:247-254. [DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meg Perceval
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied PsychologyGriffith University Brisbane Australia
| | - Prasuna Reddy
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Implementation ScienceKing's College London Strand, London UK
| | - Victoria Ross
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied PsychologyGriffith University Brisbane Australia
| | - Thomas Joiner
- Department of PsychologyFlorida State University Tallahassee Florida
| | - Kairi Kolves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied PsychologyGriffith University Brisbane Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review aims to provide an update on the recent work in mental health promotion with a special emphasis on emerging evidence and innovations in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Studies reviewed across settings like the home, school, workplace, communities, and internet-based platforms, have indicated a growing evidence base for effective mental health promotion strategies that are holistic, multicomponent, and targeted at both, specific vulnerable groups and whole populations. Innovative approaches involving online delivery platforms, sports and exercise, positive psychology and lifestyle interventions, mobilizing community networks, and mental health first aid, are some exciting and upcoming areas for future research. SUMMARY Mental health promotion interventions are applicable to individuals, groups, and whole populations and can be delivered in many ways, including media and communication technology. They can be applied in low-resource settings by mobilizing existing community resources like opinion leaders, health workers, and peer educators, thereby increasing cost-efficiency, cultural acceptability, and local capacity. There needs to be a greater focus on study designs and variable measures that examine process-factors affecting well being outcomes. Early interventions through intersectorial collaborations may result in improved long-term positive mental health outcomes for individuals, families, and communities.
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