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Vieiros M, Mirahi A, Villarreal M, Ramos-Triguero A, Fernández-Rubal I, Andreu-Fernández V, Pichini S, García-Algar Ó, Marchei E. Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use During Pregnancy in Argentine Women: A Pilot Study Testing Maternal Hair. Ther Drug Monit 2024; 46:530-536. [PMID: 38723151 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of psychoactive substances (PSs) during pregnancy is a major public health concern because of their increasing prevalence worldwide. This study examined the understudied issue of gestational PS consumption in a cohort of Argentine delivering mothers. METHODS A cross-sectional pilot study involving 51 women receiving delivery care was conducted at the Santa Rosa Hospital in La Pampa, Argentina. Information on maternal sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy history, and drug use was obtained through standardized interviews. Maternal hair samples were analyzed for alcohol, tobacco, licit, illicit, and prescription substance biomarkers using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS During pregnancy, 49.0% of participants reported alcohol consumption, 25.5% reported tobacco use, and 23.5% reported cannabis use. Hair samples from 56.9% of the women were positive for illicit PSs, with the most frequent being cocaine (41.2%) and cannabis (15.7%). Among the women, 47.1% consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Of the 24 women with hair ethyl glucuronide ≥5 pg/mg, 33.3% drank until the end of gestation and 58.3% started a social drinking habit in the second half. The analysis also detected prescription substances (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, methadone, opioids, antihistamines, antiemetics, and analgesics), caffeine (70.6%), lidocaine, and levamisole, some of which were cocaine or opioid adulterants. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to objectively assess the consumption of licit and illicit PSs during pregnancy in Argentina. In contrast to most nearby countries, cocaine was the most detected illicit PS in this cohort of Argentine delivering women. This finding highlights the importance of regular monitoring of local trends in PS use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Vieiros
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Medical Chirurgical Specialties, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Afrouz Mirahi
- Department of Surgery and Medical Chirurgical Specialties, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, ICGON, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Villarreal
- Teaching and Research Department, Establecimiento Asistencial Dr. Lucio Molas (EALM), Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Anna Ramos-Triguero
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, ICGON, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria Fernández-Rubal
- Department of Neonatology, ICGON, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus Universitari Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain ; and
| | - Simona Pichini
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Medical Chirurgical Specialties, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, ICGON, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilia Marchei
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Umer A, Lefeber C, Lilly C, Garrow J, Breyel J, Lefeber T, John C. Epidemiology of Hepatitis C infection in pregnancy: Patterns and trends in West Virginia using statewide surveillance data. J Addict Dis 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38946107 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2024.2372484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing rate of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been attributed to the substance use epidemic. There is limited data on the current rates of the paralleling HCV epidemic. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of maternal HCV infection in West Virginia (WV) and identify contributing factors. METHODS Population-based retrospective cohort study of all pregnant individual(s) who gave birth in WV between 01/01/2020 to 01/30/2024 (N = 69,925). Multiple log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (ARR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The rate of maternal HCV infection was 38 per 1,000 deliveries. The mean age of pregnant individual(s) with HCV was 29.99 (SD 4.95). The risk of HCV was significantly higher in White vs. minority racial groups [ARR 1.93 (1.50, 2.49)], those with less than [ARR 1.57 (1.37, 1.79)] or at least high school [ARR 1.31 (1.17, 1.47)] vs. more than high school education, those on Medicaid [ARR 2.32 (1.99, 2.71)] vs. private health insurance, those residing in small-metro [ARR 1.32 (1.17, 1.48)] and medium-metro [ARR 1.41 (1.24, 1.61)], vs. rural areas, and those who smoked [ARR 3.51 (3.10, 3.97)]. HCV risk was highest for those using opioids [ARR 4.43 (3.95, 4.96)]; followed by stimulant use [ARR = 1.79 (1.57, 2.04)]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that maternal age, race, education, and type of health insurance are associated with maternal HCV infection. The magnitude of association was highest for pregnant individual(s) who smoked and used opioids and stimulants during pregnancy in WV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Umer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Candice Lefeber
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christa Lilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jana Garrow
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Janine Breyel
- West Virginia Perinatal Partnership, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Timothy Lefeber
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Collin John
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Garrow J, Fan I, Lilly C, Lefeber C, Barone Gibbs B, Lefeber T, John C, Umer A. The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in West Virginia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 208:111126. [PMID: 38311246 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Analysis revealed that GDM prevalence was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (8.59 % vs 7.77 %). The risk of GDM was 12 % higher during the pandemic vs. pre-pandemic (aRR = 1.12, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.19) and the aRD = 0.95 % (95 % CI 0.56 %, 1.33 %) adjusting for maternal age and substance use in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS GDM rates in WV increased from the period directly before the COVID-19 pandemic to during the COVID-19 pandemic. More research is needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of pandemics and pandemic-related risk factors for this observed association. Supporting pregnant individuals during such events is critical to both maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Garrow
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Isadora Fan
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Christa Lilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Candice Lefeber
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Timothy Lefeber
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Collin John
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Amna Umer
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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