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Kwananocha I, Magré J, Kamali A, Verseijden F, Willemsen K, Ji Y, van der Wal BCH, Sakkers RJB, Tryfonidou MA, Meij BP. Outcome One Year after Acetabular Rim Extension Using a Customized Titanium Implant for Treating Hip Dysplasia in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2385. [PMID: 39199919 PMCID: PMC11350793 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The acetabular rim extension (ACE-X) implant is a custom-made three-dimensionally printed titanium device designed for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. In this study, 34 dogs (61 hips) underwent ACE-X implantation, and assessments were conducted using computed tomography, force plate analysis, Ortolani's test, and the Helsinki chronic pain index (HCPI) questionnaires at five intervals: the pre-operative day, the surgery day, and the 1.5-month, 3-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Statistically significant increases in femoral head coverage with a negative Ortolani subluxation test were observed immediately after surgery and persisted throughout the study. Osteoarthritis (OA) scores remained stable, but osteophyte size significantly increased between the surgery day and the 12-month follow-up, especially in hips with a baseline OA score of 2 compared to those with a score of 1. The force plate data showed no significant changes during the study. The HCPI demonstrated a significant decrease in pain score from pre-operative value to six-week follow-up and gradually decreased over time. Major complications were identified in six hips (9.8%) of four dogs. In conclusion, the ACE-X implant effectively increased femoral head coverage, eliminated subluxation, and provided long-term pain relief with minimal complications, benefiting over 90% of the study population. The study supports the ACE-X implant as a valuable alternative treatment for canine hip dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irin Kwananocha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
- Research and Academic Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Joëll Magré
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
- 3D Lab UMC Utrecht, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Kamali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Femke Verseijden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Koen Willemsen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
- 3D Lab UMC Utrecht, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuntao Ji
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Bart C. H. van der Wal
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
| | - Ralph J. B. Sakkers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Björn P. Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
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Carneiro RK, da Cruz IC, Lima B, Aires LPN, Pompeu B, Ferreira MP, Giglio RF, Uscategui RA, Minto BW, Gasser B, Feliciano MR. Comparison of the distraction index and Norberg angle with radiographic grading of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:107-113. [PMID: 38254308 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) radiographic grading system stands as a well-established benchmark for categorizing hip dysplasia in canines. Although more objective techniques to quantify early hip laxity in young dogs, such as the Norberg angle (NA) and distraction index (DI), have been documented, there is a scarcity of published studies that directly compare these radiographic measures. The primary objectives of this prospective, analytical study were to assess and compare the NA and DI measures with OFA grades within a cohort of dogs. Thirty dogs (57 hip joints) were evaluated, with a mean age of 5.4 ± 2.9 years and a mean body weight of 34.3 ± 7.1 kg. The discriminative power of hip dysplasia for DI and NA used OFA as a reference were compared by multivariate discriminant analysis test. Using the DI (≤0.3) 12 joints were classified as normal, using NA (≥105°) 24 joints and using OFA (≤3) 29. When comparing the discriminant power of NA with OFA resulting similar (P = .8324) with correct classifications of 81% using cross validation, however, the discriminant power of dysplasia of the DI resulted significantly greater (P = .0034) than OFA with correct classifications of only 59% using cross-validation, consequently it was possible determined that of 29 patients with OFA ≤ 3, 20 had DI > 0.3. These findings demonstrated that phenotypic healthy dogs according to OFA grading can present passive hip joint laxity, as demonstrated by radiographic evaluation with distraction. Furthermore, DI can contribute to the screening of CHD when evaluated in conjunction with OFA grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael K Carneiro
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Igor C da Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, ES, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lima
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz P N Aires
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Pompeu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio P Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Robson F Giglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UGA, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ricardo A Uscategui
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Ibague, Colombia
| | - Bruno W Minto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gasser
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Unaí, UFVJM, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus R Feliciano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jardim Elite, USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nahla MA, Berry CR, Mostafa AA. Radiographic quantification of the normal and near-normal coxofemoral conformation in Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds: a comparative study. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:6. [PMID: 36843082 PMCID: PMC9969641 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a multifactorial disease affecting large breed dogs with associated joint laxity and incongruity that predisposes them to osteoarthritis. The purpose of the study is to objectively compare the conformation of normal and near-normal coxofemoral joints (CFJS) in Labrador Retrievers versus German Shepherds on the extended ventrodorsal radiograph. Investigated groups were categorized as normal and near-normal CFJS according to the morphometric criteria established by the FCI scoring system. Center-edge (CE) angle, Norberg angle (NA), indices of dorsal AFH coverage width and area, acetabular slope (AS) angle, and inclination angle were determined for each group. CE angle and AS angle were modified from previously described human techniques. The width and area of dorsal AFH coverage were standardized by the corresponding femoral head diameter and area. Variables were compared between groups using an unpaired, two-tailed t-test. A Spearman correlation coefficient determined the relationship between selected variables. RESULTS In Labradors, CE angle (lateral coverage) and dorsal AFH coverage area index (dorsal coverage) were greater in normal versus near-normal CFJS. In German Shepherds, lateral AFH coverage (CE angle and NA) was greater in normal versus near-normal hip joints; whereas, dorsal AFH coverage did not differ between the two groups. Lateral AFH coverage was greater in normal versus near-normal CFJS of both breeds. In Labradors, the inclination angle was greater in near-normal versus normal CFJS. Normal CFJS of Labradors revealed greater lateral and dorsal AFH coverages compared to German Shepherds. Near-normal joints of Labradors showed greater lateral AFH coverage compared to those of German Shepherds; whereas, dorsal AFH coverage did not differ between the two breeds. A steeper acetabular slope angle was noted in normal and near-normal CFJS of German Shepherds compared to Labrador Retrievers. The inclination angle of near-normal joints was greater in Labrador Retrievers compared to German Shepherds. CONCLUSIONS Overall, normal and near-normal CFJS of German Shepherds had lesser AFH coverage and steeper acetabular slope angle compared to Labrador Retrievers. Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds with CE-angles < 27° and < 21.8°, dorsal AFH coverage width indices < 51 and < 49%, and/or dorsal AFH coverage area indices < 53 and < 50%, respectively, may be consistent with CHD. Thus, the authors would recommend excluding subjects with lower values from breeding. Validating the reported measurements is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna A Nahla
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Clifford R Berry
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of MBS, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Ayman A Mostafa
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Pilli M, Seyrek Intas D, Etikan I, Yigitgor P, Kramer M, Tellhelm B, von Puckler K. The Role of Femoral Head Size and Femoral Head Coverage in Dogs with and without Hip Dysplasia. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020120. [PMID: 36851424 PMCID: PMC9961810 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of hip dysplasia in dogs is still current and preoccupies both animal owners and veterinarians. Major factors affecting the development of the disorder are hip laxity and incongruent joints. Many studies on etiology, pathogenesis, and early diagnosis have been performed to reduce prevalence and select healthy dogs for breeding. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible relationship between dysplasia and femoral head area (FHA), femoral coverage by the acetabulum (CFH) and cranio-caudal distance of the dorsal acetabular rim (CrCdAR). Radiographs of a total of 264 skeletally mature dogs with similar physical characteristics (German wirehaired pointers (GWP), German shepherd dogs (GSD) and Labrador retrievers (LAB)) presented for routine hip dysplasia screening were recruited for the study. FHA, CFH and CrCdAR were measured and related to dysplasia status. Evaluations of FHA (p = 0.011), CFH (p < 0.001) and CrCdAR length (p = 0.003) measurements revealed significant interactions between breed, sex and FCI scores, so they had to be assessed separately. The results revealed that FHA tends to decrease as the hip dysplasia score worsens. There was no significant relationship between FHA and dysplasia assessment. FHA is breed-specific and is larger in normal and near-normal male (p = 0.001, p = 0.020) and female (p = 0.001, p = 0.013) GWP compared to GSD, respectively. FHA is greater in normal male GWP (p = 0.011) and GSD (p = 0.040) compared to females. There was a significant and strong positive correlation between FHA and CrCdAR in all breeds and sexes. Additionally, FCI scoring had a medium (GWP, GSD) to strong (LAB) negative correlation with CFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Pilli
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Near East Avenue, Nicosia 99010, Turkey
| | - Deniz Seyrek Intas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Near East Avenue, Nicosia 99010, Turkey
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +90-392-6751000 (ext. 3155) or +90-533-8564912
| | - Ilker Etikan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Avenue, Nicosia 99010, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yigitgor
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, Nilufer, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Martin Kramer
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Tellhelm
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin von Puckler
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Kwananocha I, Magré J, Willemsen K, Weinans H, Sakkers RJB, How T, Verseijden F, Tryfonidou MA, van der Wal BCH, Meij BP. Acetabular rim extension using a personalized titanium implant for treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs: short-term results. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160177. [PMID: 37152693 PMCID: PMC10157081 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common orthopedic problem in young dogs. To decrease the laxity of the hip joint related to HD, the surgical treatments are recommended to increase femoral head coverage. ACEtabular rim eXtension (ACE-X) using a personalized 3-dimensional printed titanium shelf implant is a new surgical treatment to increase femoral head coverage and decrease laxity of the dysplastic hip joint, however, the efficacy is less know. Client-owned dogs older than 6 months with clinical signs of coxofemoral joint subluxation and radiographic evidence of HD with no or mild osteoarthritis (OA) were included. The Norberg angle (NA), linear percentage of femoral head overlap (LFO), and percentage of femoral head coverage (PC) were investigated radiographically and with computed tomography (CT) before and after surgery. OA was graded (scores 0-3) according to the maximum osteophyte size measured on CT. In addition, joint laxity (Ortolani) test results, gait analysis, and the Helsinki chronic pain index (HCPI) questionnaire were obtained at preoperative, immediately postoperative and at 1.5- and 3-month evaluations. Acetabular rim extension was performed in 61 hips of 34 dogs; NA, LFO, and PC were significantly higher immediately postoperatively and at the 1.5- and 3-month follow-up examinations compared with preoperative values (p < 0.05). Osteophyte size gradually increased over time (p < 0.05). The OA score significantly increased between preoperatively and directly postoperatively, and between preoperatively and at 3-month follow-up (p < 0.05). The laxity test normalized in 59 out of 61 hips after surgery, and the HCPI questionnaire showed that the pain score decreased significantly at 1.5 and 3 months, postoperatively. The force plate showed no significant improvement during the 3 months follow-up. Although pain reduction by the implant was unclear in short-term results, a personalized shelf implant significantly increased femoral head coverage and eliminated subluxation of the dysplastic hip joint. Further studies are required to study the long-term efficacy of gait, chronic pain, and progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irin Kwananocha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Research and Academic Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joëll Magré
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- 3D Lab, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Koen Willemsen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- 3D Lab, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ralph J. B. Sakkers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs How
- Diergeneeskundig Specialisten Centrum Den Haag, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Femke Verseijden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Björn P. Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Björn P. Meij
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Mostafa AA, Nahla MA, Ali KM, Berry CR. Modified FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Scoring of the Coxofemoral Joint in Labrador Retrievers Without and With Hip Dysplasia. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:800237. [PMID: 35372531 PMCID: PMC8971752 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.800237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective is to propose a modified FCI scoring protocol of the canine hip joint via: (1) providing morphometric criteria of each score; (2) quantifying the extent of lateral and dorsal acetabular femoral head (AFH) coverage; (3) evaluating the steepness of cranial acetabular edge (acetabular index angle) and inclination angle (IA) in normal and dysplastic coxofemoral joints of Labrador Retrievers. The long-term goal is to achieve a selective breeding protocol using parental phenotypically healthy coxofemoral joints based on the standard extended-leg VD radiograph to help reduce the prevalence of CHD among offspring. Investigated populations were classified into normal (grade A) and dysplastic coxofemoral joints (grades B to E) based on the morphometric criteria previously established by the conventional FCI scoring system. Center-edge (CE) angle, Norberg angle (NA), indices of dorsal AFH coverage width and area, acetabular index angle, and inclination angle were determined for each group. Variables were compared between groups using ANOVA. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear relationship between selected variables. Overall, all radiographic measurements differed significantly (P < 0.0001) among the five tested groups using ANOVA test. Dorsal AFH coverage area index was the only measure that differed significantly (P ≤ 0.007) between every two consecutive groups using Tukey's test. Significant correlations were identified between the Norberg and CE angles (r s = 0.95, P < 0.0001), the width and area of dorsal AFH coverage (r s = 0.96, P < 0.0001), and the radiographic techniques utilized to assess lateral vs. dorsal AFH coverage (r s ≥ 0.80, P < 0.0001). Evaluation of CE-angle, dorsal AFH coverage area index and acetabular index angle is recommended during selective breeding to include parents with radiographically healthy joints and reduce the incidence of hip dysplasia among offspring. Dogs with CE-angle <27°, dorsal AFH coverage area index <53%, and/or acetabular index angle >9° may be consistent with hip dysplasia and are recommended to be excluded from potential breeding groups. Re-evaluation of coxofemoral joints with borderline values located between near-normal and mildly dysplastic coxofemoral joints is strongly recommended to be performed after 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Mostafa
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Menna A. Nahla
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Ali
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Clifford R. Berry
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of MBS, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Petazzoni M, Tamburro R. Clinical outcomes of double pelvic osteotomies in eight dogs with hip dysplasia aged 10-28 months. Vet Surg 2021; 51:320-329. [PMID: 34643966 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the short-term outcome of double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) in dogs with canine hip dysplasia ≥10 months of age. STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION Eleven hips in eight dogs aged between 10 to 28 months. METHODS Dogs clinically affected by hip dysplasia with a hip reduction angle <40°, subluxation angle <25°, dorsal acetabular rim angle between 7.5-25°, and minimal osteoarthritic changes were considered as candidates for DPO. The clinical outcome was subjectively assessed using a lameness score and pain scale upon hip extension. Norberg angle, percentage of the area of the femoral head coverage, percentage of linear femoral head coverage, pelvic width dimensions were measured on pre and postoperative radiographs. RESULTS At the 8-week follow-up examination, all the dogs had no lameness with no pain upon hip extension. Median Norberg angle increased by 21.8% (p < .01), median percentage of the area of the femoral head coverage increased by 66.7% (p < .01) and percentage of linear femoral head coverage increased by 162.5% (p < .01) 1 year after DPO. No changes to pelvic canal width after DPO were detected. CONCLUSION Double pelvic osteotomy improved joint congruity and clinical signs in dogs affected by hip dysplasia without osteoarthritis that were ≥10 months of age. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE (OR IMPACT) Double pelvic osteotomy may be a treatment option for dogs with hip dysplasia ≥10 months of age. A large study assessing long-term outcomes is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Teramo, Italy
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Meomartino L, Greco A, Mennonna G, Auletta L, Pasolini MP, Fatone G, Costanza D, Lamagna B, Valle GD, Lamagna F. Joint laxity in canine hip dysplasia assessed using the hip flexed not distracted ventrodorsal view. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:187-193. [PMID: 33260263 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ventrodorsal hip extended standard view is conventionally used for radiographic screening of canine hip dysplasia. However, because the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view minimises hip joint laxity, several alternative views have been proposed. Our aim was to evaluate a new ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted view to assess joint laxity, by comparing it with the ventrodorsal hip extended standard and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between April 2013 and March 2017, all dogs referred to the University of Naples "Federico II" for the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia were studied using the ventrodorsal hip extended standard, ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views. The Norberg angle and the laxity index were measured for each view. RESULTS Overall, 102 dogs, 67 males and 35 females, mean age 15 months, were included. The mean (±standard deviation) Norberg angles were 99.77° (±10.42°), 89.29° (±14.32°) and 91.80° (±13.50°) for the ventrodorsal hip extended standard, ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views, respectively. The mean (± standard deviation) laxity indices were 0.19 (± 0.14), 0.39 (± 0.25) and 0.36 (± 0.21), respectively. The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted views had lower Norberg angle and higher laxity index values compared with the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view. The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip extended standard views are in strong agreement for the measurement of both Norberg angle and laxity index, as confirmed by Bland-Altman analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted views obtained with the hip in a neutral position reveal joint laxity better than the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view. Unlike the ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted view, the ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted view does not require human operators or special devices for positioning the dog. The wide age range of the dogs enrolled might have influenced the laxity index measurements, since capsular fibrosis in older dogs reduces laxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - A Greco
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - G Mennonna
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - L Auletta
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging - IBB, National Research Council - CNR, Via T. De Amicis 95, Naples, 80145, Italy
| | - M P Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - G Fatone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - D Costanza
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - B Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - G D Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - F Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Janssens LAA, Daems R, Pillin L, Vandekerckhove P, Van Dongen S. Triple pelvic osteotomy with a 12.5° and a 20° Slocum-type plate: A short-term prospective clinical pilot study in 38 dogs. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1449-1457. [PMID: 32706139 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether using 12.5° Slocum-like triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) plates would create sufficient femoral head coverage and lower the occurrence of overrotation compared with using 20° TPO plates in dogs with hip dysplasia. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Thirty-five dogs with hip dysplasia (38 hips). METHODS Nineteen hips were surgically treated with a custom-made Slocum-type 12.5° TPO plate, and these were matched to 19 hips surgically treated with a 20° commercial Slocum TPO plate. Hips were case matched according to size and breed. Ortolani sign, angles of subluxation and reduction, distraction index, and femoral head coverage (FHC) were compared between groups. Excessive coverage was defined as >80%. RESULTS In the 12.5° group, FHC was ≥50% in all hips, with mean FHC (67%), gain (37%), and excessive coverage (11%) all significantly less than in the 20° group (79%, 54%, and 42%, respectively). CONCLUSION The 12.5° plate produced sufficient FHC compared with the 20° plate, with fewer hips with excessive coverage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The 12.5° TPO plate may result in sufficient FHC with a lower occurrence of excessive coverage compared with 20° plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc A A Janssens
- Evidensia Specialist Clinic for Referral Surgery in Companion Animals, Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Daems
- Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery Malpertuus, Heusden, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Pillin
- Referral Clinic for Companion Animals, Barendrecht, The Netherlands
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Nunez R, Albuquerque L, Pereira R, Silva R, Peruquetti P, Carvalho Y. 3D printing of canine hip dysplasia: anatomic models and radiographs. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is a highly prevalent articular pathological condition. In this sense, radiography becomes an important diagnostic method to determine the presence and severity of the disease. The objective was to create 3D models and their respective radiographs representing the CHD (3D AMCHD). The research was carried out in the Laboratory of 3D Educational Technologies of UFAC, under no. 23107.007273/2017-49 (CEUA/UFAC). A canine skeleton (hip bone, femurs and patellae) was used without anatomical deformities compatible with DCF (pelvis, femurs and patella), which were scanned in order to obtain the files of the base model. In these files the deformations representing the different degrees of CHD were performed. Subsequently, the 3D AMCHD files were printed, mounted and X-rayed. The 3D AMCHD represented the bone deformations of the different degrees of CHD. In the radiographs of the 3D AMCHD it was possible to observe and determine each of the bones that constituted the hip joints. This allowed to reproduce the correct positioning to represent the CHD diagnosis and establish the precise points to determine the Norberg angle. In this way, it was evidenced that the 3D AMCHD can be a possible tool to be used in the Teaching of Veterinary Medicine.
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Abstract
Abstract
This study compares the coxofemoral parameters used for the detection of hip dysplasia in humans with Norberg angles in Boerboel dogs. Twenty adult Boerboel dogs of both sexes (mean weight: 54.0 ± 7.54 kg) were used. They were premedicated with Xylazine (0.5 mg.kg−1) and induced with a propofol (4 mg.kg−1) injection. Extended antero-posterior radiographs of the hip were obtained with a digital X-ray machine. Linear Femoral Overlap (LFO), Norberg Angle (NA), Sourcil Sector Angle (SSA), Center Edge Angle (CEA) and Acetabular Index Angle (AIA) were determined. The inter- and intra-observer variability were calculated from inter- and intra- class correlation coefficient using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fischer’s exact test was used to define the statistically significant difference in measurements between sexes and hip dysplasia status. A significant difference was set at P < 0.05. The intra-observer agreement was high for NA and CEA, moderate for AIA, but low for SSA and LFO, while inter-observer agreement was high for NA and CEA, moderate for LFO and AIA, but very low for SSA. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in the measured parameters between male and female Boerboels, however, NA and CEA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in Boerboels with hip dysplasia than those with normal hips. The CEA does not have advantage over NA for radiographic screening of dogs with hip dysplasia.
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The Norberg angle is not an accurate predictor of canine hip conformation based on the distraction index and the dorsolateral subluxation score. Prev Vet Med 2016; 135:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu CH, Lin CC, Lu HL, Lu TW, Yeh LS. EFFECTS OF PELVIC AND FEMORAL POSITIONING ON CANINE NORBERG ANGLE MEASUREMENTS AND TEST–RETEST RELIABILITY: A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY-BASED SIMULATION STUDY. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: APPLICATIONS, BASIS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237214500768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia is a common disease in dogs, often diagnosed by using the Norberg angle (NA), an index for the laxity of the hip joint. Measurement of the NA can be affected by the pelvic and femoral positioning during imaging, the effects and test–retest reliability of which have not been documented. To bridge the gap in knowledge, computed tomography data from 11 Labrador Retriever dogs were obtained and used to generate synthetic ventrodorsal radiographs of the hip for NA measurements via a perspective projection model. Twenty-five synthetic radiographs of the hips were generated at positions defined by combinations of five pelvic tilt angles (-20° to 20° at 10° intervals) and five femoral elevation angles (from full extension to 40° at 10° intervals). For each radiograph, the NA was measured three times by each of the two experienced veterinarian examiners. It was found that both the increase in caudal pelvic tilt and femoral elevation increased the measured NA, although the intra- and inter-examiner reliability was very good for a given hip position. The current results suggest that careful positioning of the pelvis and femur during radiographic imaging is critical for accurately measuring the NA, and thus the laxity of the hip, for the clinical diagnosis of hip dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, National Taiwan University, Veterinary Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Lun Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Seng Yeh
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, National Taiwan University, Veterinary Hospital, Taiwan
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