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Ruiz de Alejos Blanco L, Brust K, Szladovits B, Drees R. Computed tomographic findings in canine and feline heart base tumors (25 cases). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024. [PMID: 38706413 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors located at the heart base are rare in dogs and cats and aortic body tumors (chemodectoma/paraganglioma), hemangiosarcoma, ectopic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma, and other uncommon neoplasia can be found at that location. The objective of this retrospective case series was to describe the CT characteristics of canine and feline heart base tumors. CT studies of 21 dogs and four cats with histologically or cytologically confirmed heart base tumors were reviewed for size, location, shape, margination, contrast enhancement, adjacent neovascularization, invasion, mass effect, cavitary effusions, and metastasis. Neuroendocrine tumors (15 aortic body tumors, three ectopic thyroid carcinoma, and three nonspecific neuroendocrine) were more commonly observed than hemangiosarcoma (4) and were frequently located between the cranial vena cava and aortic arch (12/21; 57%) and or dorsal to the pulmonary trunk bifurcation/pulmonary arteries (10/21; 48%). Hemangiosarcoma was more commonly found cranioventral to the aortic arch and cranial to the right auricular appendage (3/4; 75%). Mediastinal and peritumoral neovascularization was associated with 16/21 (76%) neuroendocrine tumors but none of the hemangiosarcoma. Median postcontrast attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU) was higher in neuroendocrine (110 HU) than in hemangiosarcoma (51 HU). Pericardial effusion was frequently observed with hemangiosarcoma (3/4; 75%) and infrequently in neuroendocrine (3/21; 14%). In four cases (all neuroendocrine), concurrent cranial mediastinal masses were present. CT provides useful information regarding the characteristics of heart base tumors, indicating differences between the appearance of neuroendocrine tumors and hemangiosarcoma. However, no differences were found between aortic body tumors and ectopic thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz de Alejos Blanco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kelsey Brust
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Balasz Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
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Pankowski F, Bartyzel BJ, Paśko S, Moroz A, Mickiewicz M, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Bonecka J. CT appearance and measurements of the normal thyroid gland in goats. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:337. [PMID: 34696796 PMCID: PMC8547050 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Goats are increasingly being kept as companion animals, thus their owners expect advanced medical care, including modern diagnostic imaging. Computed tomography (CT) is now widely used in veterinary medicine, in both clinical practice and for scientific purposes. So far, the CT appearance of various body parts has been described in goats, but reports on thyroid gland CT are still lacking. The thyroid gland in goats may become enlarged due to dietary, genetic or neoplastic disorders. CT examination, as in other animals and humans, could aid in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases in goats and could be used for research purposes. The aim of the study was to present the CT characteristics of the normal caprine thyroid gland, in particular its dimensions, volume and density. Results Fifty-seven goats were included in the study. None of the animals had clinical, CT, post-mortem or histopathologic abnormalities in the thyroid gland. CT features of the thyroid gland were determined, such as dimensions, volume, density, location and shape. The presence of the thyroid isthmus and ectopic thyroid tissue was also assessed. The gland was visible in every animal as two homogenous, highly attenuating, well-circumscribed lobes located in the most cranial part of the trachea. The mean dimensions of the thyroid lobe were 30.3 × 12.7 × 6.7 mm, the mean density was 80.9 Hounsfield Units (HU) and the mean volume was 1.32 cm3 or 1.39 cm3, depending on the method used. Also, the internal parathyroid glands were visible in some animals. Conclusions For the first time, the normal CT appearance of the thyroid gland has been presented. CT clearly shows the thyroid gland in goats and therefore can be used in clinical practice and for research. The results of the current study may serve as a radiological guideline for practitioners and may be the basis for further CT studies on normal and diseased caprine thyroid glands. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03047-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pankowski
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Jan Bartyzel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Paśko
- Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Moroz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Mickiewicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonecka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Burbery K, Simon O, Woolford L, Ferlini Agne G. Bilateral thyroid adenomas in an alpaca. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2937-2942. [PMID: 34626440 PMCID: PMC8692192 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old neutered male alpaca (Vicugna pacos) was presented for evaluation of a 3-year history of large, bilateral, firm ventral cervical masses causing esophageal and tracheal impingement. Ultrasound examination, radiographic evaluation, histopathological findings, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the masses to be bilateral thyroid adenomas. Conservative medical treatment by unilateral chemical ablation, using 10% formalin by aspiration technique, was performed on the left mass. Chemical ablation proved to be effective in decreasing the size of the mass, with no apparent adverse effects. To our knowledge, this case is the first known report of bilateral thyroid adenomas in an alpaca, a condition previously described in humans, horses, dogs, and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Burbery
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Olivier Simon
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gustavo Ferlini Agne
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Giannasi C, Rushton S, Rook A, Steen NVD, Venier F, Ward PT, Bell R, Trevail T, Lamb V, Eiras A, Ellis J, Roberts E. Canine thyroid carcinoma prognosis following the utilisation of computed tomography assisted staging. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e55. [PMID: 34241838 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic disease is frequently present at the time of diagnosis of canine thyroid carcinoma; however, utilisation of computed tomography (CT) alone for staging pre-treatment has been rarely reported in the veterinary literature. METHODS The aims of this retrospective study were to stage affected dogs using CT findings of the cervical and thoracic regions, combined with histopathology/cytology results, in order to assess whether metastatic disease/WHO staging was of prognostic significance. RESULTS Fifty-eight dogs were included in the study. Classification of cases into WHO stages I, II, III and IV were 10%, 50%, 9% and 31%, respectively. No statistically significant effect of WHO stage classification on overall survival/follow-up time was found (P = .576). Surgery resulted in a statistically significant increase in overall survival/follow-up time (P < .01). There was no statistically significant effect on overall survival/follow-up time in dogs that received medical therapy, either as sole therapy or as an adjunctive post-surgery (P = .198). CONCLUSION In summary, this study documents the metastatic rate of canine thyroid carcinoma using CT for staging pre-treatment. Staging utilising CT revealed a higher distant metastatic rate in dogs with thyroid carcinoma when compared to historical studies using different imaging techniques. As long-term outcomes are possible for cases with advanced disease, surgical intervention could still be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannasi
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Wear Referrals, Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Steven Rushton
- Biological Modelling, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alice Rook
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK
| | - Nele Van Den Steen
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK
| | - Francesca Venier
- Internal Medicine Department, Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, NorthWest Veterinary Specialists, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, UK
| | - Patricia Trish Ward
- Internal Medicine Department, Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rory Bell
- Internal Medicine Department, Wear Referrals, Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Swift Referrals, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Tim Trevail
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department, Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, Hampshire, UK
| | - Valerie Lamb
- Internal Medicine Department, Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, Hampshire, UK
| | - Aldara Eiras
- Internal Medicine Department, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jenny Ellis
- Internal Medicine Department, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Western Australian Veterinary Emergency & Speciality, Success, UK
| | - Emma Roberts
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Whitchurch, Bristol, UK
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Skinner OT, Souza CHDM, Kim DY. Metastasis to ipsilateral medial retropharyngeal and deep cervical lymph nodes in 22 dogs with thyroid carcinoma. Vet Surg 2020; 50:150-157. [PMID: 33284496 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of nodal metastasis to the medial retropharyngeal (MRP) and deep cervical lymph nodes in dogs surgically treated for thyroid carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned dogs. METHODS Medical records between July 2015 and October 2019 at the Universities of Missouri and Florida were reviewed. Dogs that underwent thyroidectomy with concurrent elective MRP lymphadenectomy ± deep cervical lymphadenectomy were included. Tumor site, preoperative staging, and histopathological findings were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-two dogs with 26 total thyroid carcinomas were included. Primary tumors were lateralized in 19 dogs, bilateral in two dogs, and bilateral and midline ectopic in one dog. All dogs underwent ipsilateral MRP resection, including bilateral resection in dogs with bilateral tumors. Three contralateral MRP lymph nodes were excised from dogs with unilateral carcinomas. Four deep cervical lymph nodes and one superficial cervical lymph node were excised. Metastases were identified in 14 lymph nodes in 10 of 22 (45%) dogs. All four excised deep cervical lymph nodes and one contralateral MRP lymph node were identified as metastatic. Size of deposit could be classified in 13 of 14 metastatic lymph nodes. Macrometastasis was detected in seven lymph nodes, micrometastasis was detected in one node, and isolated tumor cells were detected in five lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Regional metastasis was common within the lymph nodes sampled in this population of dogs with thyroid carcinoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results provide evidence to justify further exploration of a larger population to verify the rate of regional metastasis and determine the prognostic impact of nodal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T Skinner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Carlos H de M Souza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Lee BI, LaRue SM, Seguin B, Griffin L, Prebble A, Martin T, Leary D, Boss MK. Safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the treatment of canine thyroid carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:843-853. [PMID: 32515526 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma develops spontaneously in dogs, with only 25% to 50% of cases amenable to surgery at diagnosis. Local control for unresectable tumours can be provided with external beam radiotherapy. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for treatment of canine thyroid carcinoma. Twenty-three dogs met inclusion criteria; median tumour volume before SBRT was 129.9 cm3 (range, 2.7-452.8 cm3 ). Sixteen patients (70%) had unresectable tumours. Pulmonary metastasis was present or suspected in 10 patients (44%) before SBRT. Patients were prescribed 15 to 40 Gy to targeted tumour volume in one to five fractions. Twenty patients evaluated had overall response rate of 70% (complete response, n = 4; partial response, n = 10). Thirteen out of sixteen (81%) symptomatic patients had clinical improvement within a median time of 16 days (range, 2-79 days). Median progression free survival (MPFS) was 315 days. Median survival time (MST) was 362 days. Nine patients (39%) had grade 1 acute radiation toxicity. Three patients had grade 1 late radiation toxicity (two leukotrichia and one [4%] with intermittent cough). Responders had significantly longer MPFS (362 vs 90 days; HR 4.3; 95% CI 1.4-13.5; P = .013) and MST (455 vs 90 days; HR 2.9; 95% CI 1-8.4; P = .053). Presenting with metastasis was not a significant negative prognostic factor (MST 347 vs 348 days without metastasis; P = .352). SBRT is a safe and effective treatment modality for non-resectable canine thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ber-In Lee
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bernard Seguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber Prebble
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany Martin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Moreira LPR, Scurrell E, Mahoney P, Baines S. Thyroid haemangiosarcoma in a seven‐year‐old female Shih Tzu. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Mahoney
- Idexx Teleradiology ServicesIDEXX Laboratories LtdWetherbyWest YorkshireUK
| | - Stephen Baines
- Soft Tissue SurgeryWillows Referral ServiceWest MidlandsUK
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Bertolini G, Drigo M, Angeloni L, Caldin M. INCIDENTAL AND NONINCIDENTAL CANINE THYROID TUMORS ASSESSED BY MULTIDETECTOR ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: A SINGLE-CENTRE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN 4520 DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:304-314. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bertolini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, San Marco Veterinary Clinic; via Sorio 114/c, 35141 Padova Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute; Università degli Studi di Padova Scuola di Agraria e Medicina Veterinaria; Italy
| | - Luca Angeloni
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, San Marco Veterinary Clinic; via Sorio 114/c, 35141 Padova Italy
| | - Marco Caldin
- San Marco Veterinary Laboratory; via Sorio 114/c, 35141 Padova Italy
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