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Lecourtois C, Baudin-Tréhiou C, Blond L. Lumbosacral endplate contour defect is frequently observed concurrent with other lumbosacral abnormalities on spinal CT of French Bulldogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:813-822. [PMID: 37366604 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbosacral osteochondrosis has been previously described in large breed dogs with variable clinical signs. Its CT features are a contour defect at the dorsal aspect of either vertebral endplate, commonly with an adjacent fragment. Descriptions of this condition have not been previously published in an increasingly popular breed, French Bulldogs. Aims of this retrospective, descriptive, single center study were to evaluate CT lumbosacral abnormalities and the frequency of lumbosacral endplate contour defect in a large sample of French Bulldogs. The presence and location of lumbosacral endplate contour defect and the presence of a concurrent osseous fragment were recorded. Other abnormal CT findings such as L7-S1 disc herniation, cauda equina nerve roots compression or thickening, disc mineralization, endplate sclerosis, spondylosis deformans, S1 articular processes hypertrophy, transitional vertebrae, hemivertebrae, spina bifida, and block vertebrae were recorded. Lumbosacral CT abnormalities were present in 91.8% of dogs (168/183). The most common abnormality was an L7-S1 dorsal disc herniation (77.4%, 130/168). Among dogs with lumbosacral abnormalities, the frequency of a lumbosacral endplate contour defect was 47% (79/168). It mostly involved L7 (78.5%, 62/79) at its dorsolateral aspect (61.3%, 38/62). A mineralized fragment was identified in 62% of the defects (49/79). Endplate contour defects were most frequently seen with a concurrent disc herniation (93.7%, 74/79) causing nerve root compression in 63.3% (50/79) and with sclerosis (65.8%, 52/79). There was no definitive evidence of a relationship with clinical presentation in this sample of French Bulldogs; therefore, this finding should be interpreted with caution. The etiology remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lecourtois
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Baudin-Tréhiou
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Blond
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
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Silva S, Guevar J, José-López R, De Decker S, Brocal J, de la Fuente C, Durand A, Forterre F, Olby N, Gutierrez-Quintana R. Clinical signs, MRI findings and long-term outcomes of foraminal and far lateral thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniations in dogs. Vet Rec 2022; 190:e1529. [PMID: 35278224 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As they have been seldomly described in the veterinary literature, the aims of this retrospective study were to describe the clinical presentation, MRI findings and long-term outcome after medical or surgical treatment of dogs presenting with foraminal and far lateral thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniations. METHODS Retrospective multicentre study of dogs diagnosed with foraminal and far lateral thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniations between 2009 and 2020 in seven referral hospitals. RESULTS Thirty-seven dogs were included. Dachshunds and mixed breeds were most affected. Median age at presentation and duration of clinical signs were 6 years and 14 days, respectively. Pain was the most frequent clinical finding (92%), particularly on spinal palpation and/or hip manipulation, followed by pelvic limb lameness (71%). Eighty-seven percent of herniations occurred at L5-L6 or L6-L7. A good to excellent outcome was seen in 95% of surgically and 90% of medically treated dogs. CONCLUSION Although much less frequently recognised than herniation affecting the vertebral canal, foraminal and far lateral thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniations should be considered in the differential diagnosis list of chondrodystrophic dogs presenting with pain and pelvic limb lameness. Most dogs had a good to excellent outcome following medical or surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julien Guevar
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roberto José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Steven De Decker
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Josep Brocal
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, UK
| | - Cristian de la Fuente
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexane Durand
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Natasha Olby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
Although lameness of the thoracic limb typically is due to orthopedic disease, there are several important neurologic conditions that result in lameness. Neurologic diseases cause lameness due to disease of the nerves, nerve roots, spinal cord, or muscles. Common differentials include lateralized intervertebral disc extrusions, caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler disease), brachial plexus avulsion, neuritis, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Many of these diseases compress or destroy the nerve roots of the cervical intumescence, resulting in non-weight-bearing lameness, or root signature. Advanced diagnostics, such as magnetic resonance imaging, are necessary in these cases to determine the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C Kerwin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4474, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Amanda R Taylor
- MedVet Dayton, 2714 Springboro West, Moraine, OH 45439, USA; BluePearl North Hills, PA, USA.
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Herzig R, Wang-Leandro A, Steffen F, Matiasek K, Beckmann KM. Imaging and histopathologic features of reversible nerve root and peripheral nerve edema secondary to disc herniation in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1566-1572. [PMID: 33826180 PMCID: PMC8163120 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve root enlargement with increased contrast uptake has been reported in dogs and humans secondary to nerve root compression. In cats, nerve root enlargement and contrast uptake only have been reported in association with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, but not as a sequela to nerve root compression. An 8‐year‐old oriental short hair cat was presented with acute neurologic deficits consistent with left‐sided sciatic nerve deficit and possible L6‐S1 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and identified compression of the cauda equina and L7 nerve root associated with intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) at L6‐L7 as well as widespread sciatic nerve enlargement with moderate rim enhancement. A hemilaminectomy was performed to evacuate herniated disc material. The nerve root was biopsied and submitted for histological evaluation. Interstitial nerve edema was diagnosed. Follow‐up MRI 3 months postoperatively showed complete remission of the changes. Nerve root thickening together with contrast enhancement may represent nerve edema in cats secondary to IVDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herzig
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Deng Y, Gao X, Feng T, Wang Z, Xiao W, Xiong Z, Zhao L. Systematically characterized mechanism of treatment for lumbar disc herniation based on Yaobitong capsule ingredient analysis in rat plasma and its network pharmacology strategy by UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113097. [PMID: 32531413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yaobitong capsule (YBTC) was a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and it had clinically used to treat lumbar disc degeneration (LDH) for a long time. However, the active ingredients of YBTC absorption into the plasma and its pharmacological mechanism of treatment for LDH still remained unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, our research committed to identify the absorbed active ingredients of YBTC in rat plasma, and it may be a potential mechanism of action on LDH by the biological targets regulating related pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to identify the absorption components and metabolites of YBTC in rat plasma, and the network pharmacology was further investigated to illuminate its potential mechanism of treatment for LDH by the biological targets regulating related pathways. RESULTS The network analysis found that 56 components were identified as its main active ingredients including ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, senkyunolide H, and tetrahydropalmatine, etc. Combining with biological process, cellular component and molecular functions of GO, and kyotoencyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis to perform network topology analysis on core targets. These active ingredients regulated 29 mainly pathways by 87 direct target genes including MAPK, Ras, PI3K-Akt, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway, etc. CONCLUSION: In this study, the absorption active ingredients of YBTC in rat plasma were firstly combined with the network pharmacology investigation to elucidate its biological mechanism of treatment for LDH in vivo. It inhibited excessive inflammatory reactions, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the nerves to reduce pain and relieve LDH, and potential medicine targets could be identified to clarify the molecular mechanism of YBTCs' regulation of LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, China.
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening and Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Tiantian Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, Jiangsu, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, 222001, Jiangsu Lianyungang, China.
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, China.
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, China.
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Sievert C, Richter H, Gascho D, Kircher PR, Carrera I. 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study of the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:598-606. [PMID: 28444825 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the normal course and optimizing visualization of the canine peripheral nerves of the lumbar plexus, in particular the sciatic and the femoral nerves, is essential when interpreting images of patients with suspected peripheral neuropathies such as inflammatory or neoplastic conditions. The purpose of this prospective, anatomic study was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves and to define the sequences in which the nerves are best depicted. A preliminary postmortem cadaver study was performed to determine optimal sequences and imaging protocol. In a second step the optimized technique was implemented on 10 healthy Beagle dogs, included in the study. The applied protocol included the following sequences: T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2-Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery, T1-weighted postcontrast and T1-Spectral Presaturated Inversion Recovery postcontrast. All sequences had satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio and contrast resolution in all patients. The sciatic and femoral nerves were seen in all images. They were symmetric and of homogeneous signal intensity, being iso- to mildly hyperintense to muscle on T2-weighted, mildly hyperintense in T2-Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery, and iso- to mildly hypointense in T1-weighted images. No evidence of contrast enhancement in T1-weighted and T1-Spectral Presaturated Inversion Recovery postcontrast sequences was observed. The anatomic landmarks helpful to identify the course of the femoral and sciatic nerves are described in detail. This study may be used as an anatomical reference, depicting the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves at 3 Tesla MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sievert
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Gascho
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Kircher
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inés Carrera
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Xin J, Jia FS, Xu ZW. Effect of Yaobitong capsule on histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion and on expression of p38mark phosphorylation in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model of rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:860-3. [PMID: 26522303 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect of Yaobitong capsule on histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion and on expression of p38MARK phosphorylation in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model of rats. METHODS A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group, model group and Yaobitong capsule group, with 20 rats in each group. The animal model of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation around the lumbar nerve root was built. Three days after the modeling, rats were given the drugs for the first time, while rats in the model group were given the equivalent normal saline. After 30 d of continuous administration, samples were collected from rats. HE staining was performed on the dorsal root ganglion of L4 and L5 spinal cord of rats in each group and the expression of p38MARK phosphorylation was measured. All data were treated with the statistical analysis. RESULTS The histological examination showed that the histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion in the Yaobitong capsule group was more significantly improved than the one in the model group, while the results of western blot showed that Yaobitong capsule could significantly inhibit the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation of dorsal root ganglion cells. CONCLUSIONS Yaobitong capsule can improve the symptoms and nerve radiculopathy of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation of rats and its mechanism may be associated with its inhibiting effect on the level of p38MAPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Shuang Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Hospital of Ji'nan, Ji'nan 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Zhan-Wang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250011, Shandong, China.
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