The use of methylene blue to assist with parotid sialadenectomy in dogs

Case report: Sepsis secondary to infected protracted parotid sialocele after maxillofacial oncologic surgery in a dog

An 8-year-old male intact mixed breed dog was treated for a 3.7×3×3.6 cm grade 1 multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) arising from the dorsal aspect of the right coronoid process with a coronoidectomy, a zygomectomy, and a caudal maxillectomy. Ten months later, the dog presented for a swelling near the right angular process, which was presumed to be a locoregional recurrence. Blood work and initial staging tests (abdominal ultrasound) had mild abnormalities of no clinical concern/significance. The dog was hospitalized with a plan for computed tomographic (CT) scan of skull and chest the following day. Overnight, the swelling rapidly increased, and the dog became laterally recumbent, febrile, and hypotensive. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoglycemia, elevated lactate, and elevated band neutrophils with moderate toxicity, most consistent with sepsis. The dog was stabilized with fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) antibiotics, IV dextrose, and pressor support. Once stabilized, a contrast CT scan was performed, which revealed evidence of an infected parotid gland sialocele. To our knowledge, this is the first veterinary case that describes sepsis secondary to an infected protracted parotid sialocele.

Outcomes and clinical features associated with surgically excised canine salivary gland carcinoma: A multi-institutional, retrospective, Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology study

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features, prognostic factors, and outcomes in dogs with surgically treated salivary gland carcinoma.

STUDY DESIGN

Multi-institutional retrospective case series.

ANIMALS

Seventy-two client-owned dogs from 16 institutions with surgically excised salivary gland carcinoma.

METHODS

Medical records of dogs undergoing sialoadenectomy from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2020 were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, preoperative staging results, preoperative mass evaluation, complications, histopathologic diagnosis, local recurrence, metastatic disease, and survival times. Survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Factors related to survival were individually tested using the log-rank test.

RESULTS

The overall median survival time (MST) associated with salivary carcinoma was 1886 days. Local recurrence occurred in 29/69 (42%) dogs with an overall disease-free interval (DFI) of 191 days. Metastatic disease occurred in 22/69 (31.9%) dogs, with an overall DFI of 299 days. Lymph node metastasis was present at the time of surgery in 11/38 (28.9%) dogs in which lymphadenectomy was performed at the time of surgery; these dogs had a shorter DFI at 98 days (P = .03) and MST at 248 days (P < .001).

CONCLUSION

The prognosis for dogs with salivary gland carcinoma treated surgically was more favorable than previously reported. Nodal metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for canine salivary gland carcinoma.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Surgical intervention should be considered for dogs with salivary carcinoma.

Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases

OBJECTIVE

To describe an intraoral approach (IOA) for zygomatic sialadenectomy in dogs and to compare this surgical approach to a modified lateral orbitotomy approach (LOA).

STUDY DESIGN

Cadaveric study and short case series.

SAMPLE POPULATION

Ten canine cadavers and three dogs with clinical disease.

METHODS

Bilateral zygomatic sialoadenectomies were performed in six mesocephalic, two brachycephalic and two dolichocephalic cadavers, randomly assigned to IOA on one side and LOA on the contralateral side. Duration of surgery, ease of surgical stage scores (rated on 5-point Likert scale) and completeness of gland removal were recorded. Additionally, IOA was performed in three dogs with zygomatic salivary gland (ZSG) disease.

RESULTS

Removal of the ZSG was complete in 8/10 and 10/10 dogs using the IOA and LOA, respectively. Surgery was faster with IOA (42.0 min; 33.5-49.6 min) than LOA (65.7 min; 54.9-76.4 min, p = .005). Ease of removal did not differ between approaches (p = .091). Diseased ZSGs were successfully removed in three dogs without intra- or short-term postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS

The intraoral approach described here was technically equally challenging but faster than the LOA. Its clinical use led to an uneventful surgery with excellent short-term outcome in three dogs.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The IOA provides an alternative approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs with ZSG disease.