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Azeez T, Andrade M, La Favor J. Optimal Wire Myography Normalization for the Rat Dorsal Penile, Internal Pudendal and Internal Iliac Arteries. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In functional arterial studies using wire myography, the determination of a vessel’s standardized normalization factor (factor k) is an essential step to ensure optimal contraction and relaxation by the arteries when stimulated with their respective vasoactive agents and to obtain reproducible results. The optimal factor k for several arteries have been determined; however, the optimal initial tension and factor k for the arteries involved in erection remains unknown. Hence, in the present study we set out to determine the optimal factor k for the internal iliac artery, proximal and distal internal pudendal artery (IPA), and dorsal penile artery. After isolating, harvesting, and mounting the arteries from male Sprague-Dawley rats on a multi wire myograph, we tested arterial responsivity to high K+-stimulation when the factor k was set at 0.7, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 to determine the factor k setting that results in the greatest K+-induced active force production for each vessel type. The data showed the optimal factor k is 0.90-0.95 for the dorsal penile, distal internal pudendal and internal iliac arteries while it is 0.85-0.90 for proximal internal pudendal artery. These optimal values corresponded to initial passive tension settings of 1.10±0.16 - 1.46±0.23, 1.28±0.20 - 1.69±0.34, 1.03±0.27 - 1.33±0.31, and 1.33±0.31 - 1.77±0.43 mN/mm for the dorsal penile, distal IP, proximal IP, and internal iliac arteries, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J.D. La Favor
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A.
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Azeez TA, Andrade MR, La Favor JD. Optimal Wire Myography Normalization for the Rat Dorsal Penile, Internal Pudendal and Internal Iliac Arteries. Physiol Res 2021; 70:931-937. [PMID: 34717069 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In functional arterial studies using wire myography, the determination of a vessel's standardized normalization factor (factor k) is an essential step to ensure optimal contraction and relaxation by the arteries when stimulated with their respective vasoactive agents and to obtain reproducible results. The optimal factor k for several arteries have been determined; however, the optimal initial tension and factor k for the arteries involved in erection remains unknown. Hence, in the present study we set out to determine the optimal factor k for the internal iliac artery, proximal and distal internal pudendal artery (IPA), and dorsal penile artery. After isolating, harvesting, and mounting the arteries from male Sprague-Dawley rats on a multi wire myograph, we tested arterial responsivity to high K+-stimulation when the factor k was set at 0.7, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 to determine the factor k setting that results in the greatest K+-induced active force production for each vessel type. The data showed the optimal factor k is 0.90-0.95 for the dorsal penile, distal internal pudendal and internal iliac arteries while it is 0.85-0.90 for proximal internal pudendal artery. These optimal values corresponded to initial passive tension settings of 1.10±0.16 - 1.46±0.23, 1.28±0.20 - 1.69±0.34, 1.03±0.27 - 1.33±0.31, and 1.33±0.31 - 1.77±0.43 mN/mm for the dorsal penile, distal IP, proximal IP, and internal iliac arteries, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Azeez
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A.
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Svajger BA, Pruss CM, Laverty KJ, Zelt JGE, Jones G, Kaufmann M, Petkovich M, Holden RM, Adams MA. PTH suppression by calcitriol does not predict off-target actions in experimental CKD. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 8:e00605. [PMID: 32519465 PMCID: PMC7283992 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor agonist (VDRA) therapy for PTH suppression is a mainstay for patients with severe CKD. Calcitriol (1,25‐(OH)2D3) is a former first‐line VDRA in CKD treatment. However, a consequence of its use in CKD is accelerated vascular calcification (VC). An experimental CKD model was used to determine whether altering the calcitriol delivery profile to obtain different PTH suppression levels could improve vascular health outcomes. High adenine diet (0.25%) was used to generate experimental CKD in rats. CKD rats were treated using different calcitriol dosing strategies: (a) 20 ng/kg SD (n = 8), (b) 80 ng/kg SD (n = 8), (c) 5 ng/kg QID (n = 9), or (d) 20 ng/kg QID (n = 9). Multiple targets of calcitriol were assessed which include arterial calcium and phosphate as well as circulating calcium, phosphate, PTH, FGF‐23, VWF, and vitamin D metabolome. PTH suppression occurred dose‐dependently after 1‐week calcitriol treatment (P < .01), but the suppressive effect was lost over time. Both VC and circulating FGF‐23 increased > 10× in all calcitriol‐treated rats (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively); similarly, circulating VWF increased at all time points (P < .05). Ad‐hoc analysis of CKD morbidities in treated rats indicated no differences in negative outcomes based on PTH suppression level (minimal‐, target‐, and over‐). Comparing different calcitriol dosing strategies revealed the following: (a) despite initial calcitriol‐influenced PTH suppression across all treatments, the ability to continually suppress PTH was markedly reduced by study conclusion and (b) PTH suppression level is not an adequate proxy for improvements in overall CKD morbidity. These findings show (a) a more holistic approach to evaluate CKD treatment efficacy aside from PTH suppression is needed and (b) that other VDRA therapies should be examined in CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Svajger
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M Pruss
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberly J Laverty
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jason G E Zelt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Molecular Function and Imaging Program, The National Cardiac PET Centre, and the Advanced Heart Disease Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Petkovich
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel M Holden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Ivanovski O, Nikolov IG, Davceva O, Petrushevska G. Calcification of the cavernosal bodies may be responsible for development of erectile dysfunction in uremic apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/-) mice. Rev Int Androl 2019; 19:25-33. [PMID: 31899189 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Erectile dysfunction's physiopathology in uremia is complex and multifactorial, involving a combination of classical risk factors and specific uremia-related risk factors such as increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on vascular calcification and endothelial function of cavernosal bodies in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/-) mice, a well known model of erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old male apoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to the following 3 groups: (i) subtotally nephrectomised (SNX apoE-/-, 12 mice), (ii) uninephrectomised (UNX apoE-/-, 11 mice) or (iii) sham operated (sham-op apoE-/-, 15 mice). At 16 weeks after surgery, aortas and penile erectile tissues were harvested for histological studies to assess atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, nitrotyrosine staining, total collagen content and macrophage staining. RESULTS At sacrifice, SNX and UNX mice had significantly higher serum urea, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations than sham-op controls. Atherosclerotic lesions in thoracic aorta were significantly larger in uremic apoE-/- mice than in controls. There were no atheromatous lesions in cavernosal bodies or penile artery observed in any group. However, SNX and UNX animals showed a significant increase in calcification score, collagen content and nitrotyrosine staining in cavernosal bodies when compared with controls. The degree of macrophage infiltration was comparable between the 3 groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, even mild renal dysfunction, i.e., after uninephrectomy increases calcification score and aggravates endothelial function of cavernosal bodies in apoE-/- mice and this effect might be linked to increased oxidative stress in penile endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognen Ivanovski
- University Clinic of Urology, Medical Faculty, University SS Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Igor G Nikolov
- University Clinic of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University SS Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Olivera Davceva
- University Clinic of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University SS Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Gordana Petrushevska
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University SS Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia
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Enhanced Electrical Field Stimulated Nitrergic and Purinergic Vasoreactivity in Distal vs Proximal Internal Pudendal Arteries. J Sex Med 2018; 14:1285-1296. [PMID: 29110801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internal pudendal arteries (IPAs) supply blood to the penis and are highly susceptible to vascular remodeling in rodent models of diabetes, hypertension, aging, and chronic kidney disease, thus contributing to erectile dysfunction. Interestingly, vascular remodeling primarily occurs in the distal and not in the proximal IPA, suggesting distinct local physiologic signaling differences within the IPA. AIM To examine the role of purinergic signaling and neurotransmitter release by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the regulation of proximal and distal IPA vascular tone. METHODS Proximal and distal IPAs were mounted in wire myographs and vascular responses to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide, diethyl-ammonium salt (DEA NONOate) were measured. EFS-mediated contraction and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation were evaluated in the absence and presence of a nitric oxide synthase antagonist. Purinergic agonist and NANC relaxation responses were assessed in the presence and absence of P2X1 and P2Y1 antagonists. Protein expression of P2X1 and P2Y1 receptors was measured by western blot. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proximal and distal IPA contraction and relaxation were measured during increasing agonist administration and EFS in the presence and absence of antagonists. RESULTS Proximal and distal IPA concentration response curves to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and DEA NONOate did no differ. Interestingly, distal IPA exhibited greater EFS-mediated contraction and NANC relaxation compared with proximal IPA. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition completely inhibited distal IPA NANC relaxation but did not affect proximal IPA relaxation. P2X1 or P2Y1 receptor antagonism during NANC relaxation increased distal IPA relaxation but decreased proximal IPA relaxation. Combined P2X1 and P2Y1 receptor antagonism had no effect on proximal IPA relaxation but significantly increased distal IPA NANC relaxation. CLINICAL TRANSLATION Understanding neurovascular regulation of IPA vascular tone through nitrergic and purinergic mechanisms could yield new therapeutic targets to improve IPA blood flow and treat vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS This study is the first to illustrate the differences in mechanisms responsible for regulating vascular tone in the proximal and distal IPAs. All presented findings are currently limited to ex vivo vascular function. CONCLUSION The regulation of vascular tone differs regionally in the IPA. The distal IPA is controlled through neurotransmitter-mediated NO-dependent mechanisms and increased sensitivity to purinergic P2X1 and P2Y1 receptor inhibition. Odom MR, Pak ES, Brown DA, Hannan JL. Enhanced Electrical Field Stimulated Nitrergic and Purinergic Vasoreactivity in Distal vs Proximal Internal Pudendal Arteries. J Sex Med 2017;14:1285-1296.
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Matsuura T, Abe T, Onoda M, Ikarashi D, Sugimura J, Komaki T, Sasaki N, Takasawa Y, Kato T, Yoshioka K, Ehara S, Obara W. Pelvic Artery Calcification Score Is a Marker of Vascular Calcification in Male Hemodialysis Patients. Ther Apher Dial 2018; 22:509-513. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuura
- Department of Urology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Department of Urology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Onoda
- Department of Urology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
| | - Daiki Ikarashi
- Department of Urology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
| | - Jun Sugimura
- Department of Urology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kunihiro Yoshioka
- Department of Radiology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
| | - Shigeru Ehara
- Department of Radiology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
| | - Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology; Iwate Medical University School of Medicine; Morioka Japan
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Musicki B, Bella AJ, Bivalacqua TJ, Davies KP, DiSanto ME, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Hannan JL, Kim NN, Podlasek CA, Wingard CJ, Burnett AL. Basic Science Evidence for the Link Between Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2015; 12:2233-55. [PMID: 26646025 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although clinical evidence supports an association between cardiovascular/metabolic diseases (CVMD) and erectile dysfunction (ED), scientific evidence for this link is incompletely elucidated. AIM This study aims to provide scientific evidence for the link between CVMD and ED. METHODS In this White Paper, the Basic Science Committee of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America assessed the current literature on basic scientific support for a mechanistic link between ED and CVMD, and deficiencies in this regard with a critical assessment of current preclinical models of disease. RESULTS A link exists between ED and CVMD on several grounds: the endothelium (endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress imbalance); smooth muscle (SM) (SM abundance and altered molecular regulation of SM contractility); autonomic innervation (autonomic neuropathy and decreased neuronal-derived nitric oxide); hormones (impaired testosterone release and actions); and metabolics (hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end product formation). CONCLUSION Basic science evidence supports the link between ED and CVMD. The Committee also highlighted gaps in knowledge and provided recommendations for guiding further scientific study defining this risk relationship. This endeavor serves to develop novel strategic directions for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J Bella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin P Davies
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Nestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna L Hannan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Noel N Kim
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Podlasek
- Departments of Urology, Physiology, and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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