1
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Örd T, Örd D, Adler P, Örd T. Genome-wide census of ATF4 binding sites and functional profiling of trait-associated genetic variants overlapping ATF4 binding motifs. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011014. [PMID: 37906604 PMCID: PMC10637723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) is an important regulator of gene expression in stress responses and developmental processes in many cell types. Here, we catalogued ATF4 binding sites in the human genome and identified overlaps with trait-associated genetic variants. We probed these genetic variants for allelic regulatory activity using a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) in HepG2 hepatoma cells exposed to tunicamycin to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and ATF4 upregulation. The results revealed that in the majority of cases, the MPRA allelic activity of these SNPs was in agreement with the nucleotide preference seen in the ATF4 binding motif from ChIP-Seq. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays in additional cellular models further confirmed ATF4-dependent regulatory effects for the SNPs rs532446 (GADD45A intronic; linked to hematological parameters), rs7011846 (LPL upstream; myocardial infarction), rs2718215 (diastolic blood pressure), rs281758 (psychiatric disorders) and rs6491544 (educational attainment). CRISPR-Cas9 disruption and/or deletion of the regulatory elements harboring rs532446 and rs7011846 led to the downregulation of GADD45A and LPL, respectively. Thus, these SNPs could represent examples of GWAS genetic variants that affect gene expression by altering ATF4-mediated transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiit Örd
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daima Örd
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Adler
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Örd
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Meanwell NA. Anagrelide: A Clinically Effective cAMP Phosphodiesterase 3A Inhibitor with Molecular Glue Properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:350-361. [PMID: 37077378 PMCID: PMC10108399 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mode of action by which the orphan drug anagrelide (1), a potent cAMP phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor, reduces blood platelet count in humans is not well understood. Recent studies indicate that 1 stabilizes a complex between PDE3A and Schlafen 12, protecting it from degradation while activating its RNase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meanwell
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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3
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Takaishi K, Takeuchi M, Tsukamoto S, Takayama N, Oshima M, Kimura K, Isshiki Y, Kayamori K, Hino Y, Oshima-Hasegawa N, Mitsukawa S, Takeda Y, Mimura N, Ohwada C, Iseki T, Nakamura S, Eto K, Iwama A, Yokote K, Nakaseko C, Sakaida E. Suppressive effects of anagrelide on cell cycle progression and the maturation of megakaryocyte progenitor cell lines in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Haematologica 2019; 105:e216-e220. [PMID: 31488559 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.214841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takaishi
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | | | | | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Yusuke Isshiki
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | | | - Yutaro Hino
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | | | - Shio Mitsukawa
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Yusuke Takeda
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Naoya Mimura
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Chikako Ohwada
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Tohru Iseki
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | | | - Emiko Sakaida
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
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4
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Stasik S, Middeke JM, Kramer M, Röllig C, Krämer A, Scholl S, Hochhaus A, Crysandt M, Brümmendorf TH, Naumann R, Steffen B, Kunzmann V, Einsele H, Schaich M, Burchert A, Neubauer A, Schäfer-Eckart K, Schliemann C, Krause S, Herbst R, Hänel M, Frickhofen N, Noppeney R, Kaiser U, Baldus CD, Kaufmann M, Rácil Z, Platzbecker U, Berdel WE, Mayer J, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, Thiede C. EZH2 mutations and impact on clinical outcome: an analysis in 1,604 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:e228-e231. [PMID: 31413097 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.222323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stasik
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan M Middeke
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kramer
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Röllig
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholl
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Jena, Germany
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostasiologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostasiologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Naumann
- St. Marien-Krankenhaus Siegen, Medizinische Klinik III, Siegen, Germany
| | - Björn Steffen
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Kunzmann
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schaich
- Rems-Murr-Klinikum Winnenden, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Winnenden, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Krause
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Medizinische Klinik V, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Herbst
- Klinikum Chemnitz, Medizinische Klinik III, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Klinikum Chemnitz, Medizinische Klinik III, Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Richard Noppeney
- Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kaiser
- St. Bernward Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik II, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Claudia D Baldus
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Abteilung für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zdenek Rácil
- Masaryk University and University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Hämatologie und Zelltherapie, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Medizinische Klinik A, Münster, Germany
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Masaryk University and University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hubert Serve
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany.,DKMS Clinical Trials Unit, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Gisslinger H, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Hodisch J, Radinoff A, Karyagina E, Kyrcz-Krzemień S, Abdulkadyrov K, Gerbutavicius R, Melikyan A, Burgstaller S, Hus M, Kłoczko J, Yablokova V, Tzvetkov N, Całbecka M, Shneyder T, Warzocha K, Jurgutis M, Kaplanov K, Jilma B, Schoergenhofer C, Klade C. A phase III randomized, multicentre, double blind, active controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of two different anagrelide formulations in patients with essential thrombocythaemia - the TEAM-ET 2·0 trial. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:691-700. [PMID: 30919941 PMCID: PMC6594023 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Anagrelide is an established treatment option for essential thrombocythaemia (ET). A prolonged release formulation was developed with the aim of reducing dosing frequency and improving tolerability, without diminishing efficacy. This multicentre, randomized, double blind, active‐controlled, non‐inferiority trial investigated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of anagrelide prolonged release (A‐PR) over a reference product in high‐risk ET patients, either anagrelide‐naïve or ‐experienced. In a 6 to 12‐week titration period the individual dose for the consecutive 4‐week maintenance period was identified. The primary endpoint was the mean platelet count during the maintenance period (3 consecutive measurements, day 0, 14, 28). Of 112 included patients 106 were randomized. The mean screening platelet counts were 822 × 109/l (95% confidence interval (CI) 707–936 × 109/l) and 797 × 109/l (95% CI 708–883 × 109/l) for A‐PR and the reference product, respectively. Both treatments effectively reduced platelet counts, to mean 281 × 109/l for A‐PR (95% CI 254–311) and 305 × 109/l (95% CI 276–337) for the reference product (P < 0·0001, for non‐inferiority). Safety and tolerability were comparable between both drugs. The novel prolonged‐release formulation was equally effective and well tolerated compared to the reference product. A‐PR provides a more convenient dosing schedule and will offer an alternative to licensed immediate‐release anagrelide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Gisslinger
- Department of Haematology and Blood Coagulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Atanas Radinoff
- Clinic of Oncology and Haematology, Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Slawomira Kyrcz-Krzemień
- Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny im, Andrzeja Mielęckiego Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kudrat Abdulkadyrov
- Russian Scientific-Research Institute for Haematology and Transfusiology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Sonja Burgstaller
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin IV, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Marek Hus
- Klinika Hematoonkologii i Transplantacji Szpiku, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Kłoczko
- Klinika Hematologii z Pododziałem Chorób Naczyń, Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny w Białymstoku, Białystok, Poland
| | - Vera Yablokova
- Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Tzvetkov
- MHAT Dr. Georgi Stranski, Clinic of Haematology, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Malgorzata Całbecka
- Oddział Hematologii, Specjalistyczny Szpital Miejski im. M. Kopernika w Toruniu, Torun, Poland
| | - Tatyana Shneyder
- Leningrad Regional Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Kamil Kaplanov
- Volgograd Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Highlights of the 2nd International Symposium on Tribbles and Diseases: tribbles tremble in therapeutics for immunity, metabolism, fundamental cell biology and cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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7
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8
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Watson SP, Dalby A. Anagrelide is an anti-megakaryocytic and not an anti-platelet agent. Platelets 2018; 30:136-137. [PMID: 30404556 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1542124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve P Watson
- a IBR: Level 1, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Dalby
- a IBR: Level 1, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
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9
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Petrides PE, Schoergenhofer C, Widmann R, Jilma B, Klade CS. Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Anagrelide Extended-Release Formulation in Healthy Subjects: Food Intake and Comparison With a Reference Product. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 7:123-131. [PMID: 28301098 PMCID: PMC5811889 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anagrelide is an established therapy for essential thrombocythemia. Common adverse effects have been linked to peak plasma concentrations of anagrelide and its 3OH metabolite. Our study was performed to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a novel anagrelide extended-release (AER) formulation and its active metabolites. Thirty healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either 2 mg AER (under fasting and fed conditions) or 2 mg commercially available reference product (CARP) in an open-label, 3-way crossover trial with washout periods of 6 days. Plasma concentrations of anagrelide and its active metabolites were assessed by tandem mass spectrometry. The PK differed significantly between all treatment periods. Bioavailability of AER was 55% of the CARP under fasting conditions and 60% under fed conditions. Cmax , AUCt, and AUC∞ were significantly higher and Tmax and T1/2 were significantly shorter after the CARP compared with AER. Food had a significant impact on the PK of AER, increasing the Cmax and AUCt while reducing the T1/2 , plateau, and mean residence time. Both formulations were well tolerated, with a trend toward more frequently occurring adverse events after the CARP. The PK of AER and the CARP differed significantly in all parameters. Food enhanced the bioavailability of AER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro E. Petrides
- Hematology Oncology Center and Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich Medical SchoolMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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10
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The Use of Anagrelide in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, with Focus on Essential Thrombocythemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 11:348-55. [PMID: 27497846 PMCID: PMC5031713 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anagrelide (ANA) is a drug with specific platelet-lowering activity, used primarily in ET, registered as a second-line drug in essential thrombocythemia (ET) in Europe and in some countries as first-line therapy, in USA licensed by FDA for thrombocythemia in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The platelet-lowering efficacy is similar to that of hydroxycarbamide (HC), around 70 % complete response and 90 % partial response. Side effects are common, especially headache and tachycardia, but usually subside or disappear within a few weeks. Around 20 % of patients stop ANA therapy due to side effects or insufficient response. Studies of treatment patterns in Europe show that ANA is preferentially given to younger patients, probably because of the concern for a possible leukemogenic effect of the common first-line drug, HC. Only two randomized studies have compared the efficacy of ANA and HC in preventing thrombosis and haemorrhage, the larger of them showing a slightly better efficacy of HC, the other showing non-inferiority of ANA to HC. A recent observational 5-year study of 3600 patients shows a low and basically similar efficacy of ANA and other cytoreductive therapies in ET. ANA does not appear to inhibit fibrosis development, and probably due to its anticoagulation properties, the combination of ASA and ANA produces an increased rate of haemorrhage. Combination of ANA with HC or interferon (IFN) is feasible and effective in patients with insufficient platelet response to mono-therapy.
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11
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Butcher L, Ahluwalia M, Örd T, Johnston J, Morris RH, Kiss-Toth E, Örd T, Erusalimsky JD. Evidence for a role of TRIB3 in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6684. [PMID: 28751721 PMCID: PMC5532315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytopoiesis is a complex differentiation process driven by the hormone thrombopoietin by which haematopoietic progenitor cells give rise to megakaryocytes, the giant bone marrow cells that in turn break down to form blood platelets. The Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 gene (TRIB3) encodes a pleiotropic protein increasingly implicated in the regulation of cellular differentiation programmes. Previous studies have hinted that TRIB3 could be also involved in megakaryocytopoiesis but its role in this process has so far not been investigated. Using cellular model systems of haematopoietic lineage differentiation here we demonstrate that TRIB3 is a negative modulator of megakaryocytopoiesis. We found that in primary cultures derived from human haematopoietic progenitor cells, thrombopoietin-induced megakaryocytic differentiation led to a time and dose-dependent decrease in TRIB3 mRNA levels. In the haematopoietic cell line UT7/mpl, silencing of TRIB3 increased basal and thrombopoietin-stimulated megakaryocyte antigen expression, as well as basal levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In primary haematopoietic cell cultures, silencing of TRIB3 facilitated megakaryocyte differentiation. In contrast, over-expression of TRIB3 in these cells inhibited the differentiation process. The in-vitro identification of TRIB3 as a negative regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis suggests that in-vivo this gene could be important for the regulation of platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Butcher
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Tiit Örd
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jessica Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roger H Morris
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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12
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Sakurai K, Fujiwara T, Hasegawa S, Okitsu Y, Fukuhara N, Onishi Y, Yamada-Fujiwara M, Ichinohasama R, Harigae H. Inhibition of human primary megakaryocyte differentiation by anagrelide: a gene expression profiling analysis. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:190-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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