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Rodrigues JC, Ribeiro-da-Silva RC, Guimarães-E-Silva AS, de Oliveira MDS, Rodrigues BL, Pimenta RCDJS, Galati EAB, Pinheiro VCS. Phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna, blood meal source, and detection of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA in the Gurupi Biological Reserve, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae108. [PMID: 39222367 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted in the Gurupi Biological Reserve (REBIO-Gurupi), the largest area of Amazon rainforest in Maranhão State, Brazil. The objectives were to survey the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of REBIO-Gurupi, identify blood meal sources, and investigate the presence of Leishmania (Ross, 1903) (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA. Individuals were collected using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and black and white Shannon traps in May and Jun 2022 and Jan 2023. DNA was extracted from female sand flies and subjected to amplification and sequencing of cytochrome b molecular marker (CYTB) for identification of blood meal sources and the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA for Leishmania detection. A total of 514 sand flies individuals were sampled, of which 93 were identified at the genus or series level (9 taxa) and 421 were identified at the species level (24 taxa). Psychodopygus davisi (Root, 1934) (41.1%), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) (10.3%), and Psychodopygus (Mangabeira, 1941) Chagasi Series Barretto, 1962 (9.7%) were the most frequently collected. Human (Homo sapiens, Primates, Hominidae) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) DNA was detected in 10 female sand flies. Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Cunha and Chagas, 1937 DNA was detected in 2 specimens of Ps. davisi. Given the presence of vectors of Leishmania in REBIO-Gurupi, it is imperative to conduct more comprehensive studies on the interactions among sand flies, Leishmania, and pathogen reservoirs in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judson Chaves Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde (PPGBAS), Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rosa Cristina Ribeiro-da-Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde (PPGBAS), Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Antonia Suely Guimarães-E-Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde (PPGBAS), Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo-(FSP/USP), Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde (PPGBAS), Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-graduação da rede BIONORTE, LABEM, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
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Enríquez S, Arrivillaga-Henríquez J, Duque P, Herrera V, Vaca F, Sánchez M, Roldán M, Ron-Garrido L, Molina CA. Indicators sandflies and environment associated to spatial landscaping change in Chocó Biosphere Reserve UNESCO. J Vector Borne Dis 2024; 61:236-242. [PMID: 38922658 DOI: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_52_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Sandflies are vector insects associated with terrestrial forest ecosystems; in the Ecuadorian Andes, they participate in the transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. This geographical area represents an opportunity to evaluate the role of sandflies as bioindicators of the degree of intervention of tropical humid forest ecosystems (THF) associated with changes in the ecology of the local landscape. METHODS CDC-light traps were used for collecting adult sandflies in February 2020 in a humid tropical forest within the Chocó Biosphere Reserve. All species were identified using morphological keys. Analysis data about abundance, richness, species accumulation, diversity index, species composition communities, species sex proportion, spatial sandflies environmental, Renyi's Diversity Profile were performed to compare six spatial habitats in Mashpi locality, Ecuador. RESULTS Sandflies were collected (n-1435); the main species are represented by Trichophoromyia reburra, Nyssomyia trapidoi, Psathyromyia aclydifera, Psychodopygus panamensis and Lutzomyia hartmanni. Only Th. reburra is associated with not intervened forest, while the other three species are associated with intervened forest within Mashpi in the Choco Biosphere Reserve. The secondary forest has major sandflies' richness, while the primary forest exhibits major abundance. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION Th. reburra is a sandfly restricted to the Andean Forest and is a bioindicator of the high environmental health quality of the forest, while Ny. trapidoi and Pa. aclydifera are bioindicators of environmental disturbances in the forest. Additionally, Ps. panamensis, Lu. hartmanni and Ny. trapidoi are bioindicators of human impact and the risk of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Enríquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública (GIBCIZ-UCE), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Jazzmín Arrivillaga-Henríquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública (GIBCIZ-UCE), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Paul Duque
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Vanessa Herrera
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Franklin Vaca
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública (GIBCIZ-UCE), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Marco Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Mateo Roldán
- Departamento de Investigación y Biología (I&B), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Ron-Garrido
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - C Alfonso Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Montes de Oca-Aguilar AC, Pavón-Mendez MI, López-Ávila KB, Sosa-Bibiano EI, Rebollar-Téllez EA, Palacio-Vargas JA, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Loría-Cervera EN. Biting rhythms and infection rates of anthropophilic sand fly species (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in sites with different land use in southern Mexico. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107014. [PMID: 37696485 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Could tropical forest conversion shape sand fly (Diptera: Phlebotominae) biting rhythms and Leishmania infection rates? Using a Shannon trap, we estimated the bite rate and infection prevalence among anthropophilic sand flies at sites with different land use in southern Mexico. We estimated the expected monthly infection rate of the Leishmania parasite along the gradient and generated information on the biting rhythm of sand flies in a poorly characterized cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic region. We used generalized mixed linear and mixed additives models to evaluate differences in the biting rate, nocturnal activity, and inoculation rate of female sand flies, as well as their relationship with the loss of forest cover and environmental disparities recorded throughout the study area. Our results show that the loss of forest cover influences the biting rhythm of sand fly species and the potential number of infectious bites with Leishmania, but the greatest entomological and potential epidemiological risk continues to be associated with sylvatic areas (amplification events). Despite this, we detected that the effect of forest cover (%) on the entomological exposure seems to be also dependent on the sand fly species, and that, albeit to a lesser extent, Leishmania parasite is circulating in disturbed landscapes through generalist and competent sand fly vector species. We also found that land use change did not affect the nocturnal activity, however we detected that important vector species were active most of the time. Contrary to our expectation, temperature and humidity did not shape the biting rhythm of sand fly species. We discuss the limitations and epidemiological implications of our findings regarding the risk of contracting leishmaniasis in southern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montes de Oca-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - M I Pavón-Mendez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - K B López-Ávila
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E I Sosa-Bibiano
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E A Rebollar-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - J A Palacio-Vargas
- Dirección de Prevención y Protección de la Salud de los Servicios de Salud del Estado de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E A Fernández-Figueroa
- Núcleo B de Innovación en Medicina de Precisión, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico
| | - E N Loría-Cervera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
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Capucci DC, Campos AM, Soares JVR, Ramos VDV, Binder C, Lima MA, Margonari C, Andrade Filho JD. Ecology and natural infection of phlebotomine sand flies in different ecotopes and environments in the municipality of Pains, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106789. [PMID: 36463952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of protozoa of the genus Leishmania and distributed throughout Brazil, formerly restricted to rural areas, have expanded including to periurban and urban regions, been recorded in different habitats. This study aimed to understand the dynamics of sand flies in different ecotopes in the municipality of Pains. Sand flies were captured during thirty samplings using HP light traps installed in seven different ecotopes for two consecutive nights, once a month, from August 2018 to July 2019. A total of 1,352 sand flies were captured, representing 24 species belong to ten genera. Evandromyia edwardsi was the most abundant species, followed by Evandromyia lenti and Micropygomyia quinquefer. Leishmania DNA was detected in seven female sand flies in four ecotopes, for an infection rate of 0.9%. Sand flies were collected in all seven ecotopes, although forest (23.04%), cave (20.88%) and pasture (17.75%) had higher abundance and richness. Similarity was found among ecotopes, indicating that they are all important for the maintenance of the sand fly community. Spatial analysis indicated high densities of sand flies in areas with natural characteristics. All ecotopes in the municipality were evidenced to have an adequate and harmonious epidemiological profile for the transmission and expansion of leishmaniasis throughout the territory. Because of the increasing environmental changes and deforestation in the municipality, the risk of generating ecological imbalance and increased cases of leishmaniasis is imminent, which highlights the importance of developing preventive and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina Capucci
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Aldenise Martins Campos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - João Vítor Reis Soares
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Binder
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Mariana Alves Lima
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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da Silva BQ, Afonso MMDS, Freire LJM, de Santana ALF, Pereira-Colavite A, Rangel EF. Ecological Aspects of the Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) among Forest Fragments and Built Areas in an Endemic Area of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. INSECTS 2022; 13:1156. [PMID: 36555066 PMCID: PMC9784549 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are dipterans of medical importance, as some species are vectors of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The municipality of João Pessoa (Paraíba, northeastern Brazil), is an endemic region for AVL, having high rates of human and canine cases. The main objective was to evaluate the sand fly fauna among forest fragments and built areas, and its relationship with environmental conditions. HP light traps were placed in the studied areas from March 2019 to July 2021. A total of 2141 specimens of phlebotomines were captured, comprising nine genera and ten species. Temperature and humidity were significant and positive only in built areas. The diversity composition among forest fragments and built areas was different and the AVL vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, was the most prevalent species in built areas. The study showed that the built areas present differences in their richness and diversity of sand flies in relation to forest fragments, concluding that the conservation of forest areas, even if urban fragments, favors the diversity of phlebotomine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Queiroz da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas José Macêdo Freire
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Pereira-Colavite
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58052-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemmiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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de Oca-Aguilar ACM, Rebollar-Téllez EA, Sosa-Bibiano EI, López-Avila KB, Torres-Castro JR, Loría-Cervera EN. Effect of land use change on the phlebotomine sand fly assemblages in an emergent focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Yucatan, Mexico. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106628. [PMID: 35952923 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
As land use intensifies in tropical forests, it is expected that species assemblages will be modified and that key functions of these ecosystems will be affected. The latter scenario is important from a public health perspective, because the land use change has been linked the outbreaks of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we evaluated the response of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) assemblages and their pattern of co-occurrence in four sites with different land use in an emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Yucatan, Mexico. Our hypothesis is that the conservation status (as forest cover) will positively influence the structure and composition of sand flies' assemblages. Using three different traps over a period of five months, a sampling effort of 1, 440 night-traps was performed. A total of 7, 897 sand fly specimens belonging to six genera and 10 species were collected. Our hypothesis was partially achieved since sand fly diversity increased as forest cover increased and vice versa, however random patterns of co-occurrence in assemblages were detected among sites. Even though the high abundance of sand flies in the forest fragment suggests an amplification effect, our results show that different vector species directly dominate in each site. We discuss the potential implications of the nestedness of species dominance. We suggest that in this emerging focus and under the land use gradient, Lutzomyia cruciata and Psathyromyia cratifer could play a pivotal role in maintaining the transmission cycles of Leishmania. The apparent generalist or colonialist profile of Lu. cruciata in disturbed areas deserves attention, due to the potential risk of leishmaniasis "domiciliation". This information is essential to understand the eco-epidemiology of leishmaniasis and the factors associated with its emergence in Yucatan, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montes de Oca-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - E A Rebollar-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - E I Sosa-Bibiano
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - K B López-Avila
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J R Torres-Castro
- Dirección de Prevención y Protección de la Salud de los Servicios de Salud del Estado de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E N Loría-Cervera
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
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Carvalho GMDL, Silva DF, Xavier LDA, Soares JVR, Ramos VDV, Madureira AP, Lima MA, Tonelli GB, Paz GF, Rêgo FD, Andrade-Filho JD, Margonari C. Sand fly bioecological aspects and risk mapping of leishmaniasis by geographical information systems approach in a mineral exploration area of Brazil. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106491. [PMID: 35504313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of leishmaniasis in areas of great human influence and environmental change serve as important tools for the implementation of effective control plans. Mining is currently a major economic activity in Brazil with the municipality of Pains, in the state of Minas Gerais, being one of the main lime producing municipalities in the country. This study aimed to map areas of potential transmission risks within the municipality of Pains using an epidemiological approach in association with the ecological study of sand flies. Twelve samplings carried out between May 2015 and April 2016 collected a total of 12,728 sandflies, comprising 2,854 females (22.42%) and 9,874 males (77.58%), of 20 species belonging to ten genera. The most abundant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (80%). Leishmania DNA was detected in seven pools of female sand flies with an infection rate of 0.37%. Geoprocessing and the use of maps revealed that vector sand flies are distributed throughout the urban area, as are cases of canine and human leishmaniasis. However, the greatest abundances of sand flies were at sampling points at the border of the urban area. Higher densities of sand flies and the presence of Leishmania DNA may be correlated with extensive degradation by limestone mining. Integrated and multidisciplinary research approaches are necessary to better understand how the impacts of environmental change influence these insect vectors of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danyele Franca Silva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laura do Amaral Xavier
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Joao Vítor Reis Soares
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Madureira
- DBTEC - Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36307-352, Brazil
| | - Mariana Alves Lima
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fontes Paz
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Margonari
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz Minas), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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