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Ye X, Zhao Y, Li R, Li T, Zheng X, Xiong W, Zeng J, Xu M, Chen L. High Frequency Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection Detected in Non-Resolved Donations Suggests the Requirement of Anti-HBc Test in Blood Donors in Southern China. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699217. [PMID: 34394093 PMCID: PMC8355616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most Chinese Blood Centers adopted mini pool (MP) nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HBV screening due to high cost of Individual donation (ID) NAT, and different proportions of MP-reactive but ID-non-reactive donations (MP+/ID-, defined as non-resolved donations) have been observed during daily donor screening process. Some of these non-resolved donations are occult HBV infections (OBIs), which pose potential risk of HBV transmission if they are not deferred. This study is aimed to further analyze these non-resolved donations. Methods The non-resolved plasma samples were further analyzed by serological tests and various HBV DNA amplification assays including quantitative PCR (qPCR) and nested PCR amplifying the basic core and pre-core promoter regions (BCP/PC; 295 base pairs) and HBsAg (S) region (496 base pairs). Molecular characterizations of HBV DNA+ non-resolved samples were determined by sequencing analysis. Results Of 17,226 MPs from 103,356 seronegative blood donations, 98 MPs were detected reactive for HBV. Fifty-six out of these 98 (57.1%) reactive MPs were resolved as HBV DNA+, but the remaining 42 pools (42.9%, 252 donations) were left non-resolved with a high rate (53.2%) of anti-HBc+. Surprisingly, among 42 non-resolved MPs, 17 contained one donation identified as OBIs by alternative NAT assays. Sequence analysis on HBV DNAs extracted from these OBI donations showed some key mutations in the S region that may lead to failure in HBsAg detection and vaccine escape. Conclusion A total of 53.2% of the non-resolved donations were anti-HBc+, and OBIs were identified in 40.5% of these non-resolved pools. Therefore, non-resolved donations with anti-HBc+ might pose potential risk for HBV transmission. Our present analysis indicates that anti-HBc testing in non-resolved donations should be used to identify OBIs in order to further increase blood safety in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Ye
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chengdu, China.,The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTD) Between Institute of Blood Transfusion, Nanning Blood Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Song Y, Li M, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wei L, Xu W. E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 restricts hepatitis B virus replication by targeting HBx for proteasomal degradation. Antiviral Res 2021; 192:105107. [PMID: 34097931 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a cytosol ubiquitin ligase and antibody receptor, Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) has been reported to mediate the restriction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) through an HBx-antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN) mechanism. However, whether TRIM21 limits HBV replication by targeting viral proteins remains unclarified. In this study, we demonstrate that TRIM21 inhibits HBV gene transcription and replication in HBV plasmid transfected and HBV-infected hepatoma cells. RING and PRY-SPRY domains are involved in this activity. TRIM21 interacts with HBx protein and targets HBx for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, leading to impaired HBx-mediated degradation of structural maintenance of chromosomes 6 (Smc6) and suppression of HBV replication. TRIM21 fails to restrict the replication of an HBx-deficient HBV. And knock-down of Smc6 largely impairs the anti-HBV activity of TRIM21 in HepG2 cells. In a hydrodynamic injection (HDI)-based HBV mouse model, we confirm an in vivo anti-HBV and anti-HBx therapeutic effect of TRIM21 by over-expression or knocking-out strategy. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism that TRIM21 restricts HBV replication through targeting HBx-Smc5/6 pathway, which may have an implication in the future TRIM21-based therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Song
- 199 RengAi Road, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- 199 RengAi Road, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Wang
- 199 RengAi Road, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- 199 RengAi Road, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wei
- 199 RengAi Road, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- 199 RengAi Road, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
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Shen C, Feng X, Mao T, Yang D, Zou J, Zao X, Deng Q, Chen X, Lu F. Yin-Yang 1 and HBx protein activate HBV transcription by mediating the spatial interaction of cccDNA minichromosome with cellular chromosome 19p13.11. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2455-2464. [PMID: 33084547 PMCID: PMC7671595 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1840311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HBV cccDNA stably exists in the nuclei of infected cells as an episomal munichromosome which is responsible for viral persistence and failure of current antiviral treatments. However, the regulatory mechanism of cccDNA transcription by viral and host cellular factors is not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether cccDNA could be recruited into a specific region of the nucleus via specific interaction with a cellular chromatin to regulate its transcription activity. To investigate this hypothesis, we used chromosome conformation capture (3C) technology to search for the potential interaction of cccDNA and cellular chromatin through rcccDNA transfection in hepatoma cells and found that cccDNA is specifically associated with human chromosome 19p13.11 region, which contains a highly active enhancer element. We also confirmed that cellular transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) and viral protein HBx mediated the spatial regulation of HBV cccDNA transcription by 19p13.11 enhancer. Thus, These findings indicate that YY1 and HBx mediate the recruitment of HBV cccDNA minichromosomes to 19p13.11 region for transcription activation, and YY1 may present as a novel therapeutic target against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congle Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Danli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Zao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ye X, Li T, Li R, Liu H, Zhao J, Zeng J. Molecular characteristics of HBV infection among blood donors tested HBsAg reactive in a single ELISA test in southern China. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:83. [PMID: 33468062 PMCID: PMC7814446 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major concern for blood safety in high-prevalence HBV countries such as China. In Shenzhen, dual hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been adopted in parallel with nucleic acid testing (NAT) for donors for over a decade. A small proportion of blood donors test reactive (R) for HBsAg but negative through routine NAT, which can lead to HBV infection with an extremely low viral load. Objectives We aimed to investigate and analyze the molecular characteristics of HBV among blood donors that tested HBsAg R in a single ELISA test. Methods Blood donations were evaluated in this study if confirmed HBsAg R through one of two ELISA kits. Samples with non-reactive (NR) results by NAT were collected and tested for HBsAg by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA) with a neutralization test. The level of HBsAg was further assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The viral basic core promoter (BCP) and pre-core (PC) and S regions were amplified by nested PCR. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for viral load determination and individual donation (ID)-NAT were adopted simultaneously. HBsAg was confirmed with CLIA, ECLIA, nested PCR, qPCR, and ID-NAT. Results Of the 100,252 donations, 38 and 41 were identified as HBsAg R with Wantai and DiaSorin ELISA kits, respectively. Seventy-nine (0.077%, 79/100,252) blood samples with ELISA R-NR and NAT NR results were enrolled in the study. Of these, 17 (21.5%,17/79) were confirmed as HBsAg-positive. Of the 14 genotyped cases, 78.6% (11/14) were genotype B, and C and D were observed in two and one sample, respectively. Mutations were found in the S gene, including Y100C, Y103I, G145R, and L175S, which can affect the detection of HBsAg. A high-frequency mutation, T1719G (93.3%), was detected in the BCP/PC region, which reduced the viral replication. Conclusion A small number of blood samples with HBsAg ELISA R-NR and NAT NR results were confirmed as HBV infection, viral nucleic acids were found in most of the samples through routine NAT methods. It is necessary to employ more sensitive and specific assays for the detection of HBV infection among blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Ye
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Meigang South Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Meigang South Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Ran Li
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Meigang South Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Heng Liu
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Meigang South Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Meigang South Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China. .,Department of Transfusion, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Load 88, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China.
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Meigang South Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.
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