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Nuermaimaiti A, Chang L, Yan Y, Sun H, Xiao Y, Song S, Feng K, Lu Z, Ji H, Wang L. The role of sex hormones and receptors in HBV infection and development of HBV-related HCC. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29298. [PMID: 38087447 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Gender disparity in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases has been extensively documented. Epidemiological studies consistently reported that males have a higher prevalence of HBV infection and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Further investigations have revealed that sex hormone-related signal transductions play a significant role in gender disparity. Sex hormone axes showed significantly different responses to virus entry and replication. The sex hormones axes change the HBV-specific immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, Sex hormone axes showed different effects on the development of HBV-related disease. But the role of sex hormones remains controversial, and researchers have not reached a consensus on the role of sex hormones and the use of hormone therapies in HCC treatment. In this review, we aim to summarize the experimental findings on sex hormones and provide a comprehensive understanding of their roles in the development of HCC and their implications for hormone-related HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudulimutailipu Nuermaimaiti
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzi Xiao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Song
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihao Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoqun Lu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Wu J, Wu Q, Zhang X, Lin S, Ran W, Zhu L, Tang C, Wang X. Sex steroid axes in determining male predominance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216037. [PMID: 36563929 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The mechanisms for male propensity in HCC incidence, prognosis and treatment responses are complicated and remain inconclusive. Sex-biased molecular signatures in carcinogenesis, viral infections and immune responses have been studied predominantly within the context of sex hormones effects. This review integrates current knowledge on the mechanisms through which the hormones regulate HCC development in sexually dimorphic fashion. Firstly, the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) accelerate cell proliferation and virus infection, especially during the initial stage of HCC, while estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) function in an opposite way to induce cell apoptosis and immune responses. Interestingly, the controversial effects of AR in late stage of HCC metastasis are summarized and the reasons are attributed to inconsistent cancer grading or experimental models between the studies. In addition, the new insights into these intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism are fully discussed. A detailed understanding of sex hormones-associated regulation to male predominance in HCC may help to develop personalized therapeutic strategies in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - JinFeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - QiuMei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - XiangJuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - ShuaiCai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - WanLi Ran
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - ChengYan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Kee KM, Chen CH, Hu JT, Huang YH, Wang TE, Chau GY, Chen KH, Chen YL, Lin CC, Hung CF, Huang SF, Liu TW, Ku HY, Huang BS, Wang YP, Tseng HP, Chiang CJ, Lu SN. Secular Trends of Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan from 2011 to 2019. Viruses 2022; 15:126. [PMID: 36680166 PMCID: PMC9867357 DOI: 10.3390/v15010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death in Taiwan, and in the past 30-40 years, Taiwan has been committed to its prevention and treatment. We aimed to investigate the secular trends of characteristics and the survival of HCC in recent decades after making increased efforts. Between 2011 and 2019, a total of 73,817 cases were enrolled from the TCR database. The overall male-to-female ratio was 7/3. The overall, male and female mean ages increased from 63.8 to 66.1 years, 62.0 to 64.3 years and 68.3 to 70.4 years, respectively. After dividing by viral etiologies and gender, the mean age showed increasing trends in all subgroups. The proportions of HBV-HCC, HCV-HCC, HBV+HCV-HCC and Non-HBV+non-HCV-HCC were 48.3%, 25.2%, 5.3% and 21.3% in males, compared with 25.5%, 48.6%, 5.3% and 20.5% in females, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of BCLC stages 0, A, B, C and D were 70%, 58%, 34%, 11% and 4%, respectively. The proportion of BCLC stage 0 increased from 6.2% to 11.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that being female, older age, diagnostic year, BCLC stages, hospital level, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, AFP, Child-Pugh classification and HBV/HCV status were independent predictors for survival. In recent decades, the overall survival of HCC in Taiwan has been improving and might be partly associated with increased BCLC 0 and Child-Pugh A patients, while with the consequent age of patients increasing over time. The proportion of viral-related HCC is decreasing, while nonviral-related HCC is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwong-Ming Kee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 83302, Taiwan
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City 64041, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hu
- Liver Unit, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 10630, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-En Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan
| | - Gar-Yang Chau
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Li Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Radiology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Feng Huang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Wu Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ying Ku
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Shen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pin Wang
- Cancer Administration and Coordination Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Tseng
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 83302, Taiwan
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
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Li S, Lee W, Heo W, Son HY, Her Y, Kim JI, Moon HG. AKR1C2 Promotes Metastasis and Regulates the Molecular Features of Luminal Androgen Receptor Subtype in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. J Breast Cancer 2022; 26:60-76. [PMID: 36762781 PMCID: PMC9981988 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2023.26.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have an increased risk of distant metastasis compared to those with other subtypes. In this study, we aimed to identify the genes associated with distant metastasis in TNBC and their underlying mechanisms. METHODS We established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models using surgically resected breast cancer tissues from 31 patients with TNBC. Among these, 15 patients subsequently developed distant metastases. Candidate metastasis-associated genes were identified using RNA sequencing. In vitro wound healing, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays and in vivo tumor xenograft and metastasis assays were performed to determine the functional importance of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2). Additionally, we used the METABRIC dataset to investigate the potential role of AKR1C2 in regulating TNBC subtypes and their downstream signaling activities. RESULTS RNA sequencing of primary and PDX tumors showed that genes involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, including AKR1C2, were significantly upregulated in patients who subsequently developed metastasis. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that silencing of AKR1C2 resulted in reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth, and incidence of lung metastasis. AKR1C2 was upregulated in the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype of TNBC in the METABRIC dataset, and AKR1C2 silencing resulted in the downregulation of LAR classifier genes in TNBC cell lines. The androgen receptor (AR) gene was a downstream mediator of AKR1C2-associated phenotypes in TNBC cells. AKR1C2 expression was associated with gene expression pathways that regulate AR expression, including JAK-STAT signaling or interleukin 6 (IL-6). The levels of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription and IL-6, along with secreted IL-6, were significantly downregulated in AKR1C2-silenced TNBC cells. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that AKR1C2 is an important regulator of cancer growth and metastasis in TNBC and may be a critical determinant of LAR subtype features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woohang Heo
- Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Youn Son
- Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujeong Her
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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