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Eissa N, Kittana H, Gomes-Neto JC, Hussein H. Mucosal immunity and gut microbiota in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:156-164. [PMID: 30504001 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs is a chronic and relapsing immunopathology, of unknown etiology, that usually manifests with a plethora of clinical signs reflecting the underlying heterogeneity in its pathogenesis. Alterations of the mucosal immune responses and the gut microbiota composition are thought to play an essential role in CE. Similar to humans, it is hypothesized that the breakdown in mucosal tolerance leads to aberrant and pathological immune responses toward the gut microbiota, that in turn, may contribute to the severity of disease, at least for certain CE subsets. Therefore, in this review, we discuss some of the most relevant and recent insights microbiological and immunological aspects characterizing CE in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Hatem Kittana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - João Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Silva ROS, de Oliveira Júnior CA, Blanc DS, Pereira ST, de Araujo MCR, Vasconcelos A, Lobato FCF. Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes. Anaerobe 2018; 51:50-53. [PMID: 29621604 PMCID: PMC7111076 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Five dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea were positive for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but were unresponsive to treatment with metronidazole. One of these animals was subjected to a colonoscopy, which revealed eosinophilic infiltration of the colon. All five animals completely recovered after dietary changes. The present work suggests that CDI might occur in dogs with other intestinal alterations. In addition, this report suggests that dysbiosis should be considered in animals that have chronic-recurring diarrhea and test positive for C. difficile. C. difficile infection (CDI) in dogs are still largely unknown. Five dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea were positive for CDI. All animals completely recovered after dietary changes. Dysbiosis should be considered in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea and CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Dominique S Blanc
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Artur Vasconcelos
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
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Huang HP, Lien YH. Effects of a structured exercise programme in sedentary dogs with chronic diarrhoea. Vet Rec 2016; 180:224. [PMID: 27941060 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of a structured exercise programme in sedentary dogs with chronic diarrhoea. Twenty-two dogs were enrolled in the study. All dogs received oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day for 14 days, followed by a tapering dosage) for 10 weeks. After four weeks of prednisolone treatment, dogs were assigned to either the exercise or control group (n=11 each). Owners of dogs in the exercise group were instructed to guide their dogs in structured exercise training (low-intensity to moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise three to five days per week). After 10 weeks of prednisolone treatment with concomitant 6 weeks of complementary exercise, the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) score had decreased significantly in the exercise group (from 8.8±1.5 at the start of the exercise programme to 2.4±1.5; P<0.001); no such change was observed in the control group (from 9.2±0.9 to 9.2±1.1). CIBDAI scores differed significantly between the groups at the end of the 10-week study period (P<0.001). The exercise programme affected all six CIBDAI parameters significantly; bodyweight (P<0.001, adjusted r2=0.722) was most affected. A structured exercise programme may have positive effects on clinical symptoms in sedentary dogs with chronic diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-P Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, Veterinary School, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Lien
- Azu Clinic for Animals, No. 92, Section 1, Kin-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Segarra S, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Martínez-Puig D, Muñoz-Prieto A, Rodríguez-Franco F, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Allenspach K, Velasco A, Cerón J. Oral chondroitin sulfate and prebiotics for the treatment of canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:49. [PMID: 26965834 PMCID: PMC4785639 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic enteropathy of unknown etiology, although microbiome dysbiosis, genetic susceptibility, and dietary and/or environmental factors are hypothesized to be involved in its pathogenesis. Since some of the current therapies are associated with severe side effects, novel therapeutic modalities are needed. A new oral supplement for long-term management of canine IBD containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) and prebiotics (resistant starch, β-glucans and mannaoligosaccharides) was developed to target intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, and restore normobiosis, without exhibiting any side effects. This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in dogs with IBD aims to evaluate the effects of 180 days administration of this supplement together with a hydrolyzed diet on clinical signs, intestinal histology, gut microbiota, and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Results Twenty-seven client-owned biopsy-confirmed IBD dogs were included in the study, switched to the same hydrolyzed diet and classified into one of two groups: supplement and placebo. Initially, there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05) for any of the studied parameters. Final data analysis (supplement: n = 9; placebo: n = 10) showed a significant decrease in canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI) score in both groups after treatment (p < 0.001). After treatment, a significant decrease (1.53-fold; p < 0.01) in histologic score was seen only in the supplement group. When groups were compared, the supplement group showed significantly higher serum cholesterol (p < 0.05) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) levels after 60 days of treatment (p < 0.01), and the placebo group showed significantly reduced serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels after 120 days (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups at any time point for CIBDAI, WSAVA histologic score and fecal microbiota evaluated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). No side effects were reported in any group. Conclusions The combined administration of the supplement with hydrolyzed diet over 180 days was safe and induced improvements in selected serum biomarkers, possibly suggesting a reduction in disease activity. This study was likely underpowered, therefore larger studies are warranted in order to demonstrate a supplemental effect to dietary treatment of this supplement on intestinal histology and CIBDAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica SA, Pça. Francesc Macià 7, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interlab-UMU, Campus de Excelencia "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Campus de Excelencia "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Franco
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, and Health Surveillance Centre (VISAVET), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, EN6 1NB, UK
| | - Alfonso Velasco
- R&D Bioiberica SA, Pça. Francesc Macià 7, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Campus de Excelencia "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
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