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Ferri F, Ferro S, Benali SL, Aresu L, Muscardin L, Porporato F, Rossi F, Guglielmetti C, Gallo E, Palizzotto C, Callegari C, Ricagno S, Mazza M, Coppola LM, Gerardi G, Lavatelli F, Caminito S, Mazzini G, Palladini G, Merlini G, Zini E. Renal alterations in cats ( Felis catus) housed in shelters and affected by systemic AA-amyloidosis: Clinicopathological data, histopathology, and ultrastructural features. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:771-782. [PMID: 38864284 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241257903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AA-amyloidosis is frequent in shelter cats, and chronic kidney disease is the foremost cause of death. The aims were to describe kidney laboratory and microscopic findings in shelter cats with AA-amyloidosis. Cats were included if kidney specimens were collected post-mortem and laboratory data were available within 6 months before death. Renal lesions were evaluated with optical and electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize amyloid. Nine domestic short-hair cats were included; 4 females and 5 males with a median age of 8 years (range = 2-13). All cats had blood analyses and urinalyses available. Serum creatinine concentrations were increased in 6 cats and symmetric dimethylarginine was increased in all of the cats. All of the cats had proteinuria. Eight of 9 cats had amyloid in the medulla, and 9 had amyloid in the cortex (glomeruli). All cats had amyloid in the interstitium. Six cats had concurrent interstitial nephritis and 1 had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. All cats had extrarenal amyloid deposits. Amyloid was AA in each case. In conclusion, renal deposition of amyloid occurs in both cortex and medulla in shelter cats and is associated with azotemia and proteinuria. Renal involvement of systemic AA-amyloidosis should be considered in shelter cats with chronic kidney disease. The cat represents a natural model of renal AA-amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ferri
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e Porporato, Torino, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Federico Porporato
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e Porporato, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Guglielmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Departments of Biosciences, La Statale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Coppola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Caminito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Palizzotto C, Ferri F, Callegari C, Rossi F, Manfredi M, Carcangiu L, Gerardi G, Ferro S, Cavicchioli L, Müller E, Weiss M, Vogt A, Lavatelli F, Ricagno S, Hurley K, Zini E. Renal amyloid-A amyloidosis in cats: Characterization of proteinuria and biomarker discovery, and associations with kidney histology. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:205-215. [PMID: 37991136 PMCID: PMC10800178 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disease arising from serum amyloid A (SAA). Systemic AA amyloidosis recently was shown to have a high prevalence in shelter cats in Italy and was associated with azotemia and proteinuria. OBJECTIVES Investigate urine protein profiles and diagnostic biomarkers in cats with renal AA amyloidosis. ANIMALS Twenty-nine shelter cats. METHODS Case-control study. Cats with renal proteinuria that died or were euthanized between 2018 and 2021 with available necropsy kidney, liver and spleen samples, and with surplus urine collected within 30 days before death, were included. Histology was used to characterize renal damage and amyloid amount and distribution; immunohistochemistry was used to confirm AA amyloidosis. Urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) and urine amyloid A-to-creatinine (UAAC) ratios were calculated, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of proteins were performed. RESULTS Twenty-nine cats were included. Nineteen had AA amyloidosis with renal involvement. Cats with AA amyloidosis had a higher UPC (median, 3.9; range, 0.6-12.7 vs 1.5; 0.6-3.1; P = .03) and UAAC ratios (median, 7.18 × 10-3 ; range, 23 × 10-3 -21.29 × 10-3 vs 1.26 × 10-3 ; 0.21 × 10-3 -6.33 × 10-3 ; P = .04) than unaffected cats. The SDS-AGE identified mixed-type proteinuria in 89.4% of cats with AA amyloidosis and in 55.6% without AA amyloidosis (P = .57). The LC-MS identified 63 potential biomarkers associated with AA amyloidosis (P < .05). Among these, urine apolipoprotein C-III was higher in cats with AA amyloidosis (median, 1.38 × 107 ; range, 1.85 × 105 -5.29 × 107 vs 1.76 × 106 ; 0.0 × 100 -1.38 × 107 ; P = .01). In the kidney, AA-amyloidosis was associated with glomerulosclerosis (P = .02) and interstitial fibrosis (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Renal AA amyloidosis is associated with kidney lesions, increased proteinuria and increased urine excretion of SAA in shelter cats. Additional studies are needed to characterize the role of lipid transport proteins in the urine of affected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Palizzotto
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
| | - Felippo Ferri
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e PorporatoOrbassanoTOItaly
| | | | - Francesco Rossi
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Laura Carcangiu
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Elizabeth Müller
- Laboklin, Laboratory for Clinical DiagnosticsBad KissingenGermany
| | - Marco Weiss
- Laboklin, Laboratory for Clinical DiagnosticsBad KissingenGermany
| | - Anne‐Catherine Vogt
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyUniversity Hospital BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational CardiologyIRCCS Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
- Department of BiosciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Ferri F, Ferro S, Porporato F, Callegari C, Guglielmetti C, Mazza M, Ferrero M, Crinò C, Gallo E, Drigo M, Coppola LM, Gerardi G, Schulte TP, Ricagno S, Vogel M, Storni F, Bachmann MF, Vogt AC, Caminito S, Mazzini G, Lavatelli F, Palladini G, Merlini G, Zini E. AA-amyloidosis in cats (Felis catus) housed in shelters. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281822. [PMID: 36989207 PMCID: PMC10057811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic AA-amyloidosis is a protein-misfolding disease characterized by fibril deposition of serum amyloid-A protein (SAA) in several organs in humans and many animal species. Fibril deposits originate from abnormally high serum levels of SAA during chronic inflammation. A high prevalence of AA-amyloidosis has been reported in captive cheetahs and a horizontal transmission has been proposed. In domestic cats, AA-amyloidosis has been mainly described in predisposed breeds but only rarely reported in domestic short-hair cats. Aims of the study were to determine AA-amyloidosis prevalence in dead shelter cats. Liver, kidney, spleen and bile were collected at death in cats from 3 shelters. AA-amyloidosis was scored. Shedding of amyloid fibrils was investigated with western blot in bile and scored. Descriptive statistics were calculated. In the three shelters investigated, prevalence of AA-amyloidosis was 57.1% (16/28 cats), 73.0% (19/26) and 52.0% (13/25), respectively. In 72.9% of cats (35 in total) three organs were affected concurrently. Histopathology and immunofluorescence of post-mortem extracted deposits identified SAA as the major protein source. The duration of stay in the shelters was positively associated with a histological score of AA-amyloidosis (B = 0.026, CI95% = 0.007-0.046; p = 0.010). AA-amyloidosis was very frequent in shelter cats. Presence of SAA fragments in bile secretions raises the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of the disease. In conclusion, AA-amyloidosis was very frequent in shelter cats and those staying longer had more deposits. The cat may represent a natural model of AA-amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ferri
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e Porporato, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Porporato
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e Porporato, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Carolina Callegari
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Guglielmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, SC Diagnostica Specialistica, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, SC Diagnostica Specialistica, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, SC Diagnostica Specialistica, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Crinò
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Gallo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Coppola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Tim Paul Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Departments of Biosciences, La Statale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federico Storni
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Cathrine Vogt
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serena Caminito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kongtasai T, Paepe D, Meyer E, Mortier F, Marynissen S, Stammeleer L, Defauw P, Daminet S. Renal biomarkers in cats: A review of the current status in chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:379-396. [PMID: 35218249 PMCID: PMC8965260 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum creatinine concentration, the classical biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, has important limitations that decrease its value as a biomarker of early CKD. Recently, serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration was introduced as a novel glomerular filtration rate biomarker for the early detection of CKD in cats. However, data on its specificity are still limited. The limitations of conventional biomarkers and the desire for early therapeutic intervention in cats with CKD to improve outcomes have prompted the discovery and validation of novel renal biomarkers to detect glomerular or tubular dysfunction. Changes in the serum or urinary concentrations of these biomarkers may indicate early kidney damage or predict the progression of kidney before changes in conventional biomarkers are detectable. This review summarizes current knowledge on renal biomarkers in CKD in cats, a field that has progressed substantially over the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirawut Kongtasai
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Femke Mortier
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Marynissen
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Stammeleer
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pieter Defauw
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists, Alton, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Multi-omic analyses in Abyssinian cats with primary renal amyloid deposits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8339. [PMID: 33863921 PMCID: PMC8052419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloidoses constitute a group of diseases occurring in humans and animals that are characterized by abnormal deposits of aggregated proteins in organs, affecting their structure and function. In the Abyssinian cat breed, a familial form of renal amyloidosis has been described. In this study, multi-omics analyses were applied and integrated to explore some aspects of the unknown pathogenetic processes in cats. Whole-genome sequences of two affected Abyssinians and 195 controls of other breeds (part of the 99 Lives initiative) were screened to prioritize potential disease-associated variants. Proteome and miRNAome from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney specimens of fully necropsied Abyssinian cats, three affected and three non-amyloidosis-affected were characterized. While the trigger of the disorder remains unclear, overall, (i) 35,960 genomic variants were detected; (ii) 215 and 56 proteins were identified as exclusive or overexpressed in the affected and control kidneys, respectively; (iii) 60 miRNAs were differentially expressed, 20 of which are newly described. With omics data integration, the general conclusions are: (i) the familial amyloid renal form in Abyssinians is not a simple monogenic trait; (ii) amyloid deposition is not triggered by mutated amyloidogenic proteins but is a mix of proteins codified by wild-type genes; (iii) the form is biochemically classifiable as AA amyloidosis.
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Rossi G, Meazzi S, Giordano A, Paltrinieri S. Serum paraoxonase 1 activity in cats: analytical validation, reference intervals, and correlation with serum amyloid A and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:844-855. [PMID: 32807030 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720949638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an inflammation marker associated with lipid oxidation and is used as a diagnostic marker in people. There is no information about the suitable substrate and analytic performance in cats, or its biological behavior compared with other inflammation markers. Our aims were to validate a paraoxon-based method to measure PON1 activity in feline serum, to assess stability of PON1 under different storage conditions and the impact of interfering elements, to determine a reference interval (RI) for healthy cats, and to correlate PON1 activity with 2 major acute-phase proteins. Intra- and inter-assay precision, accuracy, and RI were assessed using fresh serum. The same specimens were stored at room temperature, refrigerated, or frozen, and retested at defined intervals. Hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus were simulated to study interferences. PON1 results were compared to serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) results. Analytical validation yielded precise and accurate results. PON1 activity is stable for up to 24 h at room temperature and up to 48 h at 4°C. Freezing at -20°C results in an increase after 72 h, with return to baseline values after 1 wk, that again increases after 6 mo. Only hyperlipemia interfered with PON1 activity. The RI based on 71 healthy cats was 58-154 U/L. PON1 activity was negatively correlated with AGP, but not with SAA. Serum PON1 activity can be measured accurately in cats, and it acts as a negative acute-phase protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rossi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sara Meazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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7
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Giraldi M, Paltrinieri S, Scarpa P. Electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in feline spontaneous chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:114-121. [PMID: 30724696 PMCID: PMC10814560 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19827597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in cats at risk of and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to investigate whether the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins were associated with CKD, proteinuria and/or disease progression. METHODS Healthy cats at risk of developing renal disease (n = 17) and cats affected with CKD at different stages (n = 22) were prospectively enrolled and sampled over time. Seventy urine samples were included and assayed with a commercially available sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) method. Each sample (gel lane) was inspected to identify albumin, HMW and LMW proteins, and an electrophoretic pattern (albuminuria, glomerular, tubular, mixed or negative) was assigned accordingly. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the distribution of HMW and LMW proteins in cats grouped according to International Renal Interest Society stage and to the magnitude of proteinuria, and to assess if HMW and LMW proteins at the time of inclusion were associated with the development and progression of CKD. RESULTS In samples of cats at risk, the most common pattern was glomerular (84.6%); glomerular pattern was also common in cats with CKD (54.2%), although mixed proteinuria and tubular proteinuria were also present (29.5% and 11.4%, respectively). The presence of LMW proteins was associated with CKD (P <0.0001) and to a urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2 (P = 0.025). Both HMW and LMW proteins were not associated with progression of CKD within 6 months (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results showed that HMW proteinuria is common in healthy cats at risk of developing CKD, although the pathological significance needs to be confirmed. The detection of LMW proteins in urine of cats suspected to be affected by CKD, especially in non-azotaemic, non-proteinuric or borderline proteinuric cats, suggests the presence of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giraldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Scarpa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Neo-suzuki S, Mineshige T, Kamiie J, Kayanuma H, Mochizuki Y, Hisasue M, Tsuchiya R, Shirota K. Hepatic AA amyloidosis in a cat: cytologic and histologic identification of AA amyloid in macrophages. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:331-336. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Neo-suzuki
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Takayuki Mineshige
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Hideki Kayanuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | | | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Ryo Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Kinji Shirota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
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