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Foster JD. Nephrology in Veterinary Medicine. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1641-1649. [PMID: 37840194 PMCID: PMC10695652 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary nephrology is a specialized field of veterinary medicine providing a high level of care for animals with all types of kidney disease. Veterinarians complete extensive training to become board-certified in veterinary nephrology-urology. Companion animal nephrology is the most advanced field; however, all species are afflicted by a variety of renal disorders. Most naturally occurring animal kidney diseases have similar disorders found in people; where veterinary research is lacking, clinical management is often modified from standard of care in people. Veterinarians have become adept at scaling down procedures to safely perform them on dogs and cats weighing only a few kilograms. Advanced diagnostics (renal biopsy, cystoscopy, fluoroscopic studies, etc. ) and therapeutics (renal replacement therapy, interventional endourology, etc. ) are commonly performed within the practice of veterinary nephrology-urology. Collaboration between veterinary and human nephrologists may advance both disciplines and improve care for people and animals alike.
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Extracorporeal Therapies in the Emergency Room and Intensive Care Unit. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 50:1215-1236. [PMID: 32981594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal treatments create opportunity for removing disease causing solutes within blood. Intoxications, renal failure, and immune-mediated diseases may be managed with these treatments, often providing new hope for patients with severe or refractory disease. Understanding solute pharmacokinetics and the limitations of each type of extracorporeal technique can allow for the selection of the optimal treatment modality.
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Sousa RS, Minervino AHH, Oliveira FLC, Araújo CASC, Rodrigues FAML, Zaminhan JLR, Vale RG, Tavares MD, Mori CS, de Paula VV, Ortolani EL, Barrêto Júnior RA. Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:545-556. [PMID: 33277948 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemotherapy in ruminants is limited to whole blood transfusions, sometimes with stored blood for up to 42 days, but little attention has been given to the effect of blood storage times and recipient responses after transfusions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the hematologic and serum biochemical effects after allogeneic blood transfusion with either fresh or stored blood in sheep. We also sought to examine hematologic and biochemical analyte changes in the store blood. METHODS Eighteen sheep underwent a single phlebotomy to remove 40% of their blood volume. The sheep were divided into three experimental groups, G0, G15, and G35, which included six animals, each receiving 20 mL/kg of either fresh blood or blood stored in citrate, phosphate, dextrose, and adenine (CPDA-1) bags for 15 and 35 days, respectively. Biochemical, hematologic, coagulation, blood gas, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress test evaluations were performed using the blood samples gathered at T0 (before transfusion), 30 minutes (T30m), 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours (T6h-T96h), 8 days (T8d), and 16 days (T16d) after transfusions. RESULTS Sheep exhibited increases in packed cell volumes, red blood cell counts, and total hemoglobin concentrations at T30m (P < .05). G35 animals had greater plasma hemoglobin concentrations at T12h and decreased blood pH values at T6h, characterized by slight metabolic acidemia. Regarding oxidative stress, G35 animals had decreased catalase activities from T0 at T30m, T6h, T12h, and T24h, indicating that hemolysis had occurred, which was supported by concomitant increases in bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS Sheep transfused with 35-day stored blood exhibited greater hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative alterations; however, anemic animals without comorbidities effectively reversed those alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane S Sousa
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil.,Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Zone, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Antonio H H Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA. Rua Vera Paz S/N, SaléSantarém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodolfo G Vale
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcondes D Tavares
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara S Mori
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Valéria V de Paula
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Enrico L Ortolani
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Raimundo A Barrêto Júnior
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barthélemy A, Violé A, Cambournac M, Rannou B, Bonnet-Garin JM, Ayoub JY, Boselli E, Pouzot-Nevoret C, Goy-Thollot I. Hematological and Hemostatic Alterations Associated With a Single Extracorporeal Renal Replacement Therapy in Dogs With Acute Kidney Injury Associated Leptospirosis: A Pilot Study. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 38:100406. [PMID: 32115077 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal renal replacement therapy (ERRT) used in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) may be associated with hematological and hemostatic disorders. However, its characteristics are not fully described in dogs. The purpose of this pilot study was to characterize the impact of ERRT on hematological, hemostatic, and thromboelastometric parameters in dogs with AKI. We conducted a prospective observational single cohort study in 10 client-owned dogs with AKI associated leptospirosis undergoing ERRT. Results from the CBC, coagulation tests (prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times [aPTT]) and rotational thromboelastometry (TEM; intrinsic TEM [inTEM] and heparinase-based TEM [hepTEM]) were recorded before and after the first ERRT session. Blood abnormalities observed before the ERRT session included thrombocytopenia (10/10), anemia (8/10), leukocytosis (4/10), prolonged aPTT (4/10) and leukopenia (1/10). After ERRT, the platelet count decreased (-25%; P = .012) whereas leukocytes (+15%; P = .046) and aPTT (+24%; P = .006) increased. The clotting time (CT) on inTEM assay and the relative variation of CT based on inTEM and hepTEM profiles increased after the ERRT session (P = .037 and P = .048, respectively). Seven dogs, 2 dogs, and 1 dog were defined as having a normal, hypocoagulable, and hypercoagulable inTEM profile after ERRT, respectively. After ERRT, no hepTEM parameter was significantly different from before treatment. Platelet count, leukocytes, aPTT and CT were altered after the first ERRT session. Beyond the hemostatic abnormalities expected by the use of UFH, thrombocytopenia appears as the only hemostatic change after a single ERRT session in dogs with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Barthélemy
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon,Marcy-l'Étoile, France; APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France.
| | - Amandine Violé
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon,Marcy-l'Étoile, France; APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Maxime Cambournac
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon,Marcy-l'Étoile, France; APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Benoit Rannou
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Jeanne-Marie Bonnet-Garin
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France; Physiology Department, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Jean-Yves Ayoub
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France; Physiology Department, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Emmanuel Boselli
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France; Service d'Anesthésie, Centre hospitalier Pierre Oudot, Groupement hospitalier nord Dauphiné, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France
| | - Céline Pouzot-Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon,Marcy-l'Étoile, France; APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Isabelle Goy-Thollot
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon,Marcy-l'Étoile, France; APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
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Geraldes SS, Le Sueur ANV, Sant'Ana PB, de Azevedo MGP, Takahira RK, Melchert A, Lourenço MLG, Mamprim MJ, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC. The Effect of Intermittent Hemodialysis on the Hematological and Serum Biochemistry Profile in Dogs With Chronic Kidney Disease. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 38:100389. [PMID: 32115078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2019.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) is a type of kidney replacement therapy commonly prescribed in veterinary medicine for cases of drug removal, fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte disorders, acute kidney injury, and cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in uremic crisis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermittent hemodialysis in dogs with IRIS stage 4 CKD in contrast to dogs treated only with standard medical management, without dialysis, to improve their quality of life. Twenty-five dogs previously diagnosed with IRIS stage 4 CKD were selected for the study according to the inclusion criteria. Dogs were randomized to 2 distinct groups: the control group (n = 11), which underwent a conventional clinical treatment for CKD; and the hemodialysis group (n = 14), which underwent intermittent hemodialysis in addition to the clinical treatment. Both groups had a period of 15 days of clinical and laboratory evaluation. Laboratory analysis consisted of chemistry and hematological evaluation before and after both treatments at a minimum interval of 48 hours. Clinical parameters and eventual complications were assessed every 30 minutes during the IHD. When compared with conventional treatment, IHD was highly efficient in removing urea, creatinine, and phosphorus, but presented a hematological risk to the patient, requiring constant monitoring of hematological and biochemical profiles in order to correct alterations. Therefore, IHD is a highly recommended treatment if adequately monitored by trained professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Salgueiro Geraldes
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Nanny Vieira Le Sueur
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Bilbau Sant'Ana
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Picelli de Azevedo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Melchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia G Lourenço
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Jaqueline Mamprim
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Spada E, Perego R, Baggiani L, Proverbio D. Haematological and morphological evaluation of feline whole blood units collected for transfusion purposes. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:732-740. [PMID: 30226393 PMCID: PMC10814294 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18798841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increasing availability of feline blood collected and stored for transfusion purposes, few studies have been performed on feline blood units. The aim of this prospective in vitro study was to evaluate haematological and morphological changes in feline blood cells in whole blood units between collection and end of storage. METHODS Haematological examination (red blood cells [RBCs], haemoglobin, haematocrit, red cell distribution width, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell haemoglobin, white blood cells [WBCs] and platelet [PLT] count) was performed on 40 non-leukoreduced feline whole blood units at the time of collection (day[D]0) and after storage (D35). The blood was collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine anticoagulant-preservative solution using an open system in a veterinary blood bank and stored for 35 days at 4 ± 2°C. Twenty of these feline whole blood units were also analysed for blood cell morphology (normal RBCs, macrocytes, echinocytes, spherocytes, schistocytes, lysed RBCs, RBCs with Heinz bodies and recognisable WBC and PLT count). Differences between the two examination times were statistically analysed. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in WBC and PLT counts after storage at D35 (P <0.0001 for both). The most significant cellular morphological changes after storage were an increase in echinocyte count (P = 0.0001), and lysed RBCs (P <0.0001), and a decrease in normal RBCs (P <0.0001). Recognisable WBCs - mainly lymphocytes - were present at the end of storage. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study showed that significant morphological changes occur in RBCs in feline blood units during storage for 35 days. In vivo studies are required to establish if these changes could affect the ability of stored RBCs to circulate and provide adequate oxygen delivery after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Spada
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Perego
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Baggiani
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Proverbio
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Characterization of dog serum virome from Northeastern Brazil. Virology 2018; 525:192-199. [PMID: 30292963 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Domestic dogs share habitats with human, a fact that makes them a potential source of zoonotic viruses. Moreover, knowledge regarding possible bloodborne pathogens is important due to the increasing application of blood transfusion in dogs. In the present study, we evaluated the serum virome of 520 dogs using throughput sequencing (HTS). The serum samples were pooled and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Our unbiased method identified prevalent canine pathogens as canine protoparvovirus 1 (canine parvovirus 2), undersearched agents as canine bocaparvovirus 1 (minute virus of canines) and canine circovirus, circular viruses closely related to viruses recently found in human samples, and new parvovirus and anelloviruses. The dog virome described in the present work furthers the knowledge concerning the viral population in domestic animals. The present data includes information regarding viral agents that are potentially transmitted through blood transfusion among dogs.
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Melchert A, Barretti P, Tatiana Ch P, Luis Balbi A, Cuadrado M L, Canevese R S, Marcelo Co A, Salgueiro S, Sant`Anna PB. Intradialytic Complications in Dogs with Acute Renal Failure Submitted to Intermittent Hemodialysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2017.288.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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