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Hematological Parameters from the Feline Blood Donor to the Blood Unit: What Changes Are to Be Expected? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141819. [PMID: 35883366 PMCID: PMC9312296 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feline blood donation requires sedation to allow for good blood collection, avoiding venous damage and unnecessary donor stress. In the present study, we describe the variation of hematological parameters in a population of healthy blood-donor cats that underwent the same sedation protocol, including medetomidine, alfaxalone, and butorphanol. Significant differences in hematological parameters were observed between unsedated and sedated cats; particularly, the mean red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, and red blood cells distribution width were significantly lower in sedated cats than in conscious ones, thus confirming that sedation is a critical procedure in cats. No significant differences for the main hematological parameters were observed between sedated cats and feline blood units, suggesting that the dilution with the conservative–anticoagulant solution (ratio 1:7) exerts negligible effects on these parameters with respect to samples of sedated animals. Abstract Feline blood donation requires sedation to allow for good blood collection, avoiding venous damage and unnecessary donor stress. In the present study, we describe the variation of hematological parameters in a population of 74 healthy blood-donor cats that underwent the same sedation protocol, including medetomidine, alfaxalone, and butorphanol. Changes in hematological parameters were evaluated in blood samples collected from conscious cats (group A), sedated cats (group B), and feline whole-blood units (FBUs) (group C). Significant differences were observed between unsedated and sedated cats: the mean RBC count, HGB, HCT, and RDW were significantly lower in sedated cats than in conscious ones, with a difference of 17.95%, 18.42%, 28.21%, and 10.00%, respectively. In accordance with previously reported data, our results confirm that sedation is a critical procedure in cats that can affect most of the hematological parameters. The second finding of our study is that no significant differences for the main hematological parameters were observed between sedated cats and FBUs, thus suggesting that the dilution with the conservative–anticoagulant solution exert negligible effects on these parameters with respect to samples of sedated animals. This hematological change must be taken into consideration since such parameters are important to define the quality of FBUs.
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Morse SA, Mooney ET. Effect of microaggregate filter passage on feline whole blood stored for 35 days. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:116-122. [PMID: 33904795 PMCID: PMC10812170 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211009145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of fresh and stored feline red blood cells (RBCs) after passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter. METHODS Nine cats were recruited for a single blood donation using an open collection system. A simulated transfusion using a syringe driver and microaggregate filter was performed over 2 h with half the blood on the day of donation and the other half after 35 days of storage. Differences in haematological parameters, haemolysis percentage and osmotic fragility (OF) were compared on the day of donation pre-filter passage (D0-) vs day of donation post-filter (D0+) or day 35 storage pre-filter (D35-) and post-filter (D35+). Blood was cultured at D0+ and D35+. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the D0- vs D0+ comparisons. There were statistically significant (P <0.05) increases in haemolysis percentage, red cell distribution width (RDW) percentage and mean OF, and decreases in packed cell volume (PCV), RBC count, haemoglobin and haematocrit for D0- vs D35-. The same was found for D0- vs D35+ with the addition of a significant increase in mean cell haemoglobin (MCH). For D35- vs D35+ only MCH significantly increased. At day 35, 6/9 units had haemolysis percentages that exceeded 1%. This increased to 8/9 of stored units post-filter passage. All blood units cultured negative. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Fresh RBCs exhibited no in vitro evidence of injury following passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter. Increased MCH was observed in the stored blood and may represent haemolysis induced by the filter. All other changes can be explained by storage lesion rather than filter passage. The findings highlight the importance of blood banking quality controls and the need for further research to assess the effects of transfusion technique, specifically filter passage, on storage lesion-affected feline blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A Morse
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin T Mooney
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Taylor S, Spada E, Callan MB, Korman R, Leister E, Steagall P, Lobetti R, Seth M, Tasker S. 2021 ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Collection and Administration of Blood and Blood Products in Cats. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:410-432. [PMID: 33896248 PMCID: PMC10741281 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211007071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Blood and blood products are increasingly available for practitioners to use in the management of haematological conditions, and can be lifesaving and therapeutically useful for patients with anaemia and/or coagulopathies. It is important for feline healthcare that donors are selected appropriately, and transfusions of blood or blood products are given to recipients that will benefit from them. Complications can occur, but can be largely avoided with careful donor management and recipient selection, understanding of blood type compatibility, and transfusion monitoring. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Feline blood transfusion, while potentially a lifesaving procedure, can also be detrimental to donor and recipient without precautions. Cats have naturally occurring alloantibodies to red cell antigens and severe reactions can occur with type-mismatched transfusions. Blood transfusions can also transmit infectious agents to the recipient, so donor testing is essential. Finally, donors must be in good health, and sedated as appropriate, with blood collected in a safe and sterile fashion to optimise the benefit to recipients. Transfusion reactions are possible and can be mild to severe in nature. Autologous blood transfusions and xenotransfusions may be considered in certain situations. EVIDENCE BASE These Guidelines have been created by a panel of authors convened by the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM), based on available literature. They are aimed at general practitioners to provide a practical guide to blood typing, cross-matching, and blood collection and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Spada
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory
(REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan,
Italy
| | - Mary Beth Callan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced
Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
USA
| | - Rachel Korman
- Cat Specialist Services, Underwood, Queensland,
Australia
| | - Ellie Leister
- Pet Intensive Care Unit, Underwood, Queensland,
Australia
| | - Paulo Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universite de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Remo Lobetti
- Bryanston Veterinary Hospital, Johannesburg,
South Africa
| | | | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of
Bristol, Langford, UK; and Linnaeus Group, Shirley, UK
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Davidow EB, Blois SL, Goy-Thollot I, Harris L, Humm K, Musulin S, Nash KJ, Odunayo A, Sharp CR, Spada E, Thomason J, Walton J, Wardrop KJ. Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS). Part 1: Definitions and clinical signs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:141-166. [PMID: 33792171 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use a systematic, evidence-based consensus process to develop definitions for transfusion reactions in dogs and cats. DESIGN Evidence evaluation of the literature was carried out for identified transfusion reaction types in dogs and cats. Reaction definitions were generated based on synthesis of human and veterinary literature. Consensus on the definitions was achieved through Delphi-style surveys. Draft recommendations were made available through industry specialty listservs and comments were incorporated. RESULTS Definitions with imputability criteria were developed for 14 types of transfusion reactions. CONCLUSIONS The evidence review and consensus process resulted in definitions that can be used to facilitate future veterinary transfusion reaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shauna L Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen Humm
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Sarah Musulin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Katherine J Nash
- VetMED Emergency and Specialty Veterinary Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adesola Odunayo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Claire R Sharp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eva Spada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - John Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - K Jane Wardrop
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Davidow EB, Blois SL, Goy-Thollot I, Harris L, Humm K, Musulin S, Nash KJ, Odunayo A, Sharp CR, Spada E, Thomason J, Walton J, Wardrop KJ. Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS) Part 2: Prevention and monitoring. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:167-188. [PMID: 33751789 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review available evidence to develop guidelines for the prevention of transfusion reactions and monitoring of transfusion administration in dogs and cats. DESIGN Evidence evaluation of the literature (identified through Medline searches through Pubmed and Google Scholar searches) was carried out for identified transfusion reaction types in dogs and cats. Evidence was evaluated using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) questions generated for each reaction type. Evidence was categorized by level of evidence (LOE) and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor). Guidelines for prevention and monitoring were generated based on the synthesis of the evidence. Consensus on the final recommendations and a proposed transfusion administration monitoring form was achieved through Delphi-style surveys. Draft recommendations and the monitoring form were made available through veterinary specialty listservs and comments were incorporated. RESULTS Twenty-nine guidelines and a transfusion administration monitoring form were formulated from the evidence review with a high degree of consensus CONCLUSIONS: This systematic evidence evaluation process yielded recommended prevention and monitoring guidelines and a proposed transfusion administration form. However, significant knowledge gaps were identified, demonstrating the need for additional research in veterinary transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Davidow
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Shauna L Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen Humm
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Sarah Musulin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine J Nash
- VetMED Emergency and Specialty Veterinary Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Adesola Odunayo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claire R Sharp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eva Spada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - John Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - K Jane Wardrop
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Stefani A, Capello K, Carminato A, Wurzburger W, Furlanello T, Bertazzo V, Marsilio E, Albertin E, La Pietra G, Bozzato E, Mutinelli F, Vascellari M. Effects of leukoreduction on storage lesions in whole blood and blood components of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:936-945. [PMID: 33591603 PMCID: PMC7995433 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukoreduction is a routine procedure in human transfusion medicine but is uncommon in veterinary. Objectives To evaluate the effect of leukoreduction on the quality of canine whole blood (WB) and blood products during storage. Animals Ten canine blood donors. Methods This is a case series study. An amount of 450 mL of blood was collected from each dog. Five WB and 5 packed red blood cells (pRBC) bags were divided into 2 units each: leukoreduced (LR) and non‐leukoreduced (nLR). RBC count, erythrocytes' mean osmotic fragility (MOF), 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), percentage of hemolysis, potassium (K), lactate, glucose, and cytokines were measured weekly from day of donation (T0) to day 35 (T35); pH, coagulation times, and clotting factors were evaluated at T0 and T35 from WB and in fresh frozen plasma after 1 year of storage. Results Leukoreduction showed positive effects on lactate (T35: LR WB 14.42 mmol/L SD 2.71, nLR WB 22.42 mmol/L SD 1.86, LR pRBC 20.88 mmol/L SD 2.65, nLR pRBC 36.81 mmol/L SD 2.34; P < .0001), pH (T35: LR WB 6.88 SD 0.16, nLR WB 6.69 SD 0.20, P = .02; LR pRBC 6.57 SD 0.23, nLR pRBC 6.22 SD 0.11; P < .001), and K (LR pRBC 4.08 mmol/L SD 0.88, nLR pRBC 5.48 mmol/L SD 0.90; P < .001). Increasing values of IL8 were observed in nLR units during storage (T0: 4167 ± 11 888 pg/mL; T35: 6367 ± 11 612 pg/mL). Conclusion and Clinical Importance LR blood units are recommended to critically ill dogs with marked inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Stefani
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Katia Capello
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Carminato
- Internal Medicine Section, Veterinary Medical Center "della Riviera", Camponogara, Venice, Italy
| | - Wendy Wurzburger
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Tommaso Furlanello
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostics, San Marco Veterinary Private Clinic, Veggiano, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertazzo
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marsilio
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Albertin
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo La Pietra
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Bozzato
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- SCS3 - Special Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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Sousa RS, Minervino AHH, Oliveira FLC, Araújo CASC, Rodrigues FAML, Zaminhan JLR, Vale RG, Tavares MD, Mori CS, de Paula VV, Ortolani EL, Barrêto Júnior RA. Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:545-556. [PMID: 33277948 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemotherapy in ruminants is limited to whole blood transfusions, sometimes with stored blood for up to 42 days, but little attention has been given to the effect of blood storage times and recipient responses after transfusions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the hematologic and serum biochemical effects after allogeneic blood transfusion with either fresh or stored blood in sheep. We also sought to examine hematologic and biochemical analyte changes in the store blood. METHODS Eighteen sheep underwent a single phlebotomy to remove 40% of their blood volume. The sheep were divided into three experimental groups, G0, G15, and G35, which included six animals, each receiving 20 mL/kg of either fresh blood or blood stored in citrate, phosphate, dextrose, and adenine (CPDA-1) bags for 15 and 35 days, respectively. Biochemical, hematologic, coagulation, blood gas, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress test evaluations were performed using the blood samples gathered at T0 (before transfusion), 30 minutes (T30m), 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours (T6h-T96h), 8 days (T8d), and 16 days (T16d) after transfusions. RESULTS Sheep exhibited increases in packed cell volumes, red blood cell counts, and total hemoglobin concentrations at T30m (P < .05). G35 animals had greater plasma hemoglobin concentrations at T12h and decreased blood pH values at T6h, characterized by slight metabolic acidemia. Regarding oxidative stress, G35 animals had decreased catalase activities from T0 at T30m, T6h, T12h, and T24h, indicating that hemolysis had occurred, which was supported by concomitant increases in bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS Sheep transfused with 35-day stored blood exhibited greater hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative alterations; however, anemic animals without comorbidities effectively reversed those alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane S Sousa
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil.,Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Zone, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Antonio H H Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA. Rua Vera Paz S/N, SaléSantarém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodolfo G Vale
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcondes D Tavares
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara S Mori
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Valéria V de Paula
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Enrico L Ortolani
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Raimundo A Barrêto Júnior
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
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Binvel M, Fairbrother JH, Lévesque V, Blais MC. Comparison of a closed system and an open system for blood collection in feline donors. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:1121-1128. [PMID: 32141375 PMCID: PMC10814370 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20907171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to evaluate the performance of a closed blood collection system and to compare it with an open system in terms of feasibility, tolerability by the donor, quality of blood collected and bacterial contamination. METHODS Eight feline blood donors were prospectively and randomly subjected to both collection methods. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated before sedation, after sedation and after blood collection. The duration of the donation, the formation of a hematoma, and the degree of hemolysis and packed cell volume (PCV) of each blood unit were evaluated. Aliquot samples were aseptically collected from each unit and tested for bacterial contamination by culture and PCR on days 0, 14 and 28 of storage. RESULTS There was no significant difference between collection methods for HR and RR at any time point. Before sedation, the mean systolic BP was significantly higher with the closed system (closed 169 mmHg, open 137 mmHg; P = 0.003). The average duration of collection was significantly shorter with the closed system (closed 3 mins 10 s, open 8 mins; P = 0.035); however, the prevalence of a successful blood collection with a single venipuncture and hematoma formation were not significantly different between systems. The mean unit PCV was significantly higher with the open system (closed 31%, open 34%; P = 0.026). On bacterial culture, 15/16 units were negative at all time points (closed 7; open 8). Using PCR, 5/16 units were positive for Ralstonia species for at least one time point (closed 3; open 2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our designed closed system appears to be well adapted to feline blood collection and was well tolerated by the donors, performing similarly to an open system, and could represent a valuable clinical device for the development of a feline blood bank, namely feline blood storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Binvel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Julie-Hélène Fairbrother
- Bacteriology Diagnostic Laboratory, Complexe de Diagnostic et d’Épidémiosurveillance Vétérinaires du Québec, Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Lévesque
- Small Animal Blood Bank of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Blais
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Spada E, Perego R, Baggiani L, Martino PA, Proverbio D. Hematological, biochemical and microbiological evaluation of feline whole blood units collected using an open system and stored for 35 days. Vet J 2019; 254:105396. [PMID: 31836164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing availability of feline blood, which is collected and stored for transfusion purposes, few studies have assessed the effect of storage on feline whole blood (WB) units. The purpose of this study was to investigate selected hematologic and biochemical changes during storage of feline WB units and to determine when they occurred. Data from a quality control program for WB units was used in this study. Twelve feline WB units, collected using an open system, were sampled every 7 days from the point of collection to the end of storage at 35 days (D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, and D35). Measurements at each time point were: (1) hematologic parameters; (2) percentage hemolysis; (3) morphologic index scored at 0-3, based on echinocyte transformation of the erythrocytes; and (4) selected biochemical parameters. Aerobic and anaerobic culture was performed at D0 and D35. Results were compared statistically to D0 (statistical significance set at <0.01). Storage did not result in statistically significant changes in measured hematological parameters. There were statistically significant increases in percentage hemolysis and morphologic index, starting from D21 (P=0.000 and P=0.004, respectively). Glucose decreased significantly from D21 (P=0.003); potassium increased significantly from D7 (P=0.001); and sodium increased significantly, starting from D28 (P=0.009). Bacteria were not isolated. Blood in feline WB units collected using an open system underwent some significant storage changes that were time-dependent. As these changes could affect the quality and the utility of stored WB used in feline transfusion medicine, further study is required to determine their clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Spada
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, via G. Celoria, 10 - 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - R Perego
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, via G. Celoria, 10 - 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - L Baggiani
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, via G. Celoria, 10 - 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - P A Martino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, via G. Celoria, 10 - 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - D Proverbio
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, via G. Celoria, 10 - 20133, Milan, Italy
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10
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Spada E, Perego R, Baggiani L, Proverbio D. Haematological and morphological evaluation of feline whole blood units collected for transfusion purposes. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:732-740. [PMID: 30226393 PMCID: PMC10814294 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18798841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increasing availability of feline blood collected and stored for transfusion purposes, few studies have been performed on feline blood units. The aim of this prospective in vitro study was to evaluate haematological and morphological changes in feline blood cells in whole blood units between collection and end of storage. METHODS Haematological examination (red blood cells [RBCs], haemoglobin, haematocrit, red cell distribution width, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell haemoglobin, white blood cells [WBCs] and platelet [PLT] count) was performed on 40 non-leukoreduced feline whole blood units at the time of collection (day[D]0) and after storage (D35). The blood was collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine anticoagulant-preservative solution using an open system in a veterinary blood bank and stored for 35 days at 4 ± 2°C. Twenty of these feline whole blood units were also analysed for blood cell morphology (normal RBCs, macrocytes, echinocytes, spherocytes, schistocytes, lysed RBCs, RBCs with Heinz bodies and recognisable WBC and PLT count). Differences between the two examination times were statistically analysed. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in WBC and PLT counts after storage at D35 (P <0.0001 for both). The most significant cellular morphological changes after storage were an increase in echinocyte count (P = 0.0001), and lysed RBCs (P <0.0001), and a decrease in normal RBCs (P <0.0001). Recognisable WBCs - mainly lymphocytes - were present at the end of storage. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study showed that significant morphological changes occur in RBCs in feline blood units during storage for 35 days. In vivo studies are required to establish if these changes could affect the ability of stored RBCs to circulate and provide adequate oxygen delivery after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Spada
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Perego
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Baggiani
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Proverbio
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Crestani C, Stefani A, Carminato A, Cro A, Capello K, Corrò M, Bozzato E, Mutinelli F, Vascellari M. In vitro assessment of quality of citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-1 preserved feline blood collected by a commercial closed system. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1051-1059. [PMID: 29635743 PMCID: PMC5980295 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal procedure for storage of feline blood is needed. Open-collection systems have been employed in feline medicine, thus limiting the possibility for storage. OBJECTIVES To evaluate indicators of quality of feline blood stored for 35 days at +4°C in a closed-collection system specifically designed for cats. ANIMALS Eight healthy adult European domestic shorthair cats with a weight of 5-6.8 kg. METHODS This is a case series study. A bacteriological test, CBC, blood smear, pH, osmotic fragility, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement were performed weekly on whole blood (WB) units from day 1 to day 35 after donation. The hemolysis index, lactate and potassium concentrations, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen were measured on plasma aliquots. RESULTS One out of eight blood units (BUs) had bacterial growth (Serratia marcescens) at day 35. No significant differences were found regarding CBC, morphology, pH, and osmotic fragility. Despite high inter-individual variability and low starting levels, significant decreases in the mean concentrations of 2,3-DPG (T0 1.99 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.52, T35 1.25 mmol/g Hb, SD 1.43; P = .003) and ATP (T0 1.45 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.71, T35 0.62 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.51; P < .001) were detected during the study, as opposed to an increase in hemolysis (T0 0.11 mmol/L, SD 0.07, T35 0.84 mmol/L, SD 0.19; P < .001), lactate (T0 3.30 mmol/L, SD 0.86, T35 13.36 mmol/L, SD 2.90; P < .001), and potassium (T0 3.10 mmol/L, SD 0.21, T35 4.12 mmol/L, SD 0.35; P < .001) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The commercial BU kit is appropriate for blood collection and conservation of WB in cats. The maintenance of WB quality indicators during storage is essential for future improvements of feline transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Crestani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Annalisa Stefani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Antonio Carminato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy.,Veterinary Medical Center "della Riviera", Camponogara (VE), Italy
| | - Angelica Cro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Katia Capello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Michela Corrò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Elisa Bozzato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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