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Leduc L, Leclère M, Lavoie JP. Towards personalized medicine for the treatment of equine asthma. Vet J 2024; 305:106125. [PMID: 38704018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although horses with asthma share similar clinical signs, the heterogeneity of the disease in terms of severity, triggering factors, inflammatory profile, and pathological features has hindered our ability to define biologically distinct subgroups. The recognition of phenotypes and endotypes could enable the development of precision medicine, including personalized, targeted therapy, to benefit affected horses. While in its infancy in horses, this review outlines the phenotypes of equine asthma and discusses how knowledge gained from targeted therapy in human medicine can be applied to evaluate the potential opportunities for personalized medicine in equine asthma and to suggest avenues for research to advance this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Leduc
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mathilde Leclère
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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2
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Rodríguez M, Quiroga J, Cortés B, Morán G, Henríquez C. Effects of tamoxifen on the immune response phenotype in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381162. [PMID: 38659456 PMCID: PMC11041636 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely utilized in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer and has demonstrated the potential to modulate the immune response. It has been proposed as a therapeutic tool for immune-mediated diseases. TAM has been investigated as a possible treatment for asthma-like conditions in horses, revealing specific impacts on the innate immune system. While the effects of TAM on equine neutrophils are well-documented, its influence on lymphocytes and the modulation of the immune response polarization remains unclear. This in vitro study employed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy horses, exposing them to varying concentrations of the TAM and assessing the expression of genes involved in the polarization of the immune response (TBX21, IFNG, GATA3, IL4, IL10, FOXP3, and CTLA4) in PBMC stimulated or not with PMA/ionomycin. Additionally, the effect of TAM over the proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) was also assessed. TAM did not significantly affect the expression of these genes and Treg at low concentrations. However, at the highest concentration, there was an impact on the expression of GATA3, IL4, IL10, and CTLA4 genes. These alterations in genes associated with a Th2 and regulatory response coincided with a noteworthy increase in drug-associated cytotoxicity but only at concentrations far beyond those achieved in pharmacological therapy. These findings suggest that the effects of TAM, as described in preclinical studies on asthmatic horses, may not be attributed to the modification of the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Fernandes Q, Inchakalody VP, Bedhiafi T, Mestiri S, Taib N, Uddin S, Merhi M, Dermime S. Chronic inflammation and cancer; the two sides of a coin. Life Sci 2024; 338:122390. [PMID: 38160787 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The correlation between chronic inflammation and cancer was initially identified in the 19th century. Biomolecules like interleukins, chemokines, tumor necrosis factors, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, which regulate inflammation, are recognized contributors to neoplastic transformation through various mechanisms, including oncogenic mutations, resistance to apoptosis, and adaptive responses like angiogenesis. This review aims to establish connections between the intricate and complex mechanisms of chronic inflammation and cancer. We illuminate implicit signaling mechanisms that drive the association between chronic inflammation and the initiation/progression of cancer, exploring potential impacts on other diseases. Additionally, we discuss the modalities of currently available therapeutic options for chronic inflammation and cancer, emphasizing the dual nature of such therapies. A thorough understanding of the molecular basis of chronic inflammation is crucial for developing novel approaches in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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Greim E, Naef J, Mainguy‐Seers S, Lavoie J, Sage S, Dolf G, Gerber V. Breath characteristics and adventitious lung sounds in healthy and asthmatic horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:495-504. [PMID: 38192117 PMCID: PMC10800186 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard thoracic auscultation suffers from limitations, and no systematic analysis of breath sounds in asthmatic horses exists. OBJECTIVES First, characterize breath sounds in horses recorded using a novel digital auscultation device (DAD). Second, use DAD to compare breath variables and occurrence of adventitious sounds in healthy and asthmatic horses. ANIMALS Twelve healthy control horses (ctl), 12 horses with mild to moderate asthma (mEA), 10 horses with severe asthma (sEA) (5 in remission [sEA-], and 5 in exacerbation [sEA+]). METHODS Prospective multicenter case-control study. Horses were categorized based on the horse owner-assessed respiratory signs index. Each horse was digitally auscultated in 11 locations simultaneously for 1 hour. One-hundred breaths per recording were randomly selected, blindly categorized, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Digital auscultation allowed breath sound characterization and scoring in horses. Wheezes, crackles, rattles, and breath intensity were significantly more frequent, higher (P < .001, P < .01, P = .01, P < .01, respectively) in sEA+ (68.6%, 66.1%, 17.7%, 97.9%, respectively), but not in sEA- (0%, 0.7%, 1.3%, 5.6%) or mEA (0%, 1.0%, 2.4%, 1.7%) horses, compared to ctl (0%, 0.6%, 1.8%, -9.4%, respectively). Regression analysis suggested breath duration and intensity as explanatory variables for groups, wheezes for tracheal mucus score, and breath intensity and wheezes for the 23-point weighted clinical score (WCS23). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The DAD permitted characterization and quantification of breath variables, which demonstrated increased adventitious sounds in sEA+. Analysis of a larger sample is needed to determine differences among ctl, mEA, and sEA- horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Greim
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jan Naef
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Sophie Mainguy‐Seers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of MontréalSt‐HyacintheQCCanada
| | - Jean‐Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of MontréalSt‐HyacintheQCCanada
| | - Sophie Sage
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gaudenz Dolf
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Salinas C, Barriga K, Albornoz A, Alarcon P, Quiroga J, Uberti B, Sarmiento J, Henriquez C, Ehrenfeld P, Burgos RA, Moran G. Tamoxifen triggers the in vitro release of neutrophil extracellular traps in healthy horses. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1025249. [PMID: 36686170 PMCID: PMC9853556 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils display an array of biological functions including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), web-like structures specialized in trapping, neutralizing, killing and preventing microbial dissemination within the host. However, NETs contribute to a number of inflammatory pathologies, including severe equine asthma. Tamoxifen (TX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator which belongs to the triphenylethyllenes group of molecules, and which is used as a treatment in all stages of estrogen-positive human breast cancer. Our previous results suggest that tamoxifen can modulate neutrophil functionality and promote resolution of inflammation; this would partly explain the clinical beneficial effect of this drug in horses with airway inflammation. Enhanced NETs production has been reported with tamoxifen use in humans, but minimal data exists regarding the drug's effect on NETs in horses. The aim of this study is to assess the in vitro effect of TX on NETs formation from peripheral blood of healthy horses. Five clinically healthy mixed-breed adult horses were enrolled in the study. For this, cellular free DNA quantification, immunofluorescence for the visualization of NETs, assessment of different types of NETs, and detection of mitochondrial superoxide. TX induced NETs formation at a concentration of 10 uM. Our results show that only two types of NETs were induced by TX: 95% spread NETs (sprNETs) and 5% aggregated NETs (aggNETs). Furthermore, induction of these NETs could be influenced by mitochondrial ROS. Future research should involve an In vivo study of horses with severe asthma and TX treatment, to evaluate BALF neutrophil NET formation. In conclusion, this in vitro study suggests that the resolution of inflammation by TX in horses with airway inflammation is due to inhibition of other neutrophilic functions but not to NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Salinas
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kassandra Barriga
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro Albornoz
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcon
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henriquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A. Burgos
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Moran
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,*Correspondence: Gabriel Moran ✉
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Mainguy-Seers S, Diaw M, Lavoie JP. Lung Function Variation during the Estrus Cycle of Mares Affected by Severe Asthma. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040494. [PMID: 35203202 PMCID: PMC8868231 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The estrus cycle and sex hormones influence asthma development and severity in humans, but whether the same is occurring in the asthma of horses is unknown. Severe equine asthma (SEA) is characterized by breathing difficulty, even at rest, and although it can be controlled by management and medication, it remains incurable. Stabling and hay feeding are the main contributors to disease exacerbation, but other factors could possibly alter the respiratory compromise. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the estrus cycle on airway dysfunction in five mares affected by SEA by assessing the lung function during the follicular and luteal phases of the reproductive cycle. The inspiratory obstruction improved during the luteal phase and the variation in progesterone and the dominant follicle size correlated with lung function parameters, suggesting a role for sex hormones in asthma pathophysiology. This first description of the estrus cycle’s modulation of airway obstruction in horses supports further studies to uncover the effects of sex hormones in asthma in horses and humans. Abstract While the prevalence of asthma is higher in boys than in girls during childhood, this tendency reverses at puberty, suggesting an effect of sex hormones on the disease pathophysiology. Fluctuations of asthma severity concurring with the estrus cycle are reported in women, but this phenomenon has never been investigated in mares to date. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine whether the estrus cycle modulates airway obstruction in severe equine asthma (SEA). Five mares with SEA during exacerbation of the disease were studied. The whole breath, expiratory and inspiratory resistance, and reactance were compared during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrus cycle. The reproductive tract was evaluated by rectal palpation, ultrasound, and serum progesterone levels. The inspiratory resistance and reactance improved during the luteal phase of the estrus cycle, and variation in progesterone levels and the dominant follicle size correlated with several lung function parameters. The fluctuation of airway dysfunction during the estrus cycle is noteworthy as deterioration of the disease could perhaps be expected and prevented by horse owners and veterinarians. Further studies are required to determine if the equine species could be a suitable model to evaluate the effects of sex hormones on asthma.
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Luo SD, Chiu TJ, Chen WC, Wang CS. Sex Differences in Otolaryngology: Focus on the Emerging Role of Estrogens in Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168768. [PMID: 34445474 PMCID: PMC8395901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Otolaryngology (also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) diseases can be significantly affected by the level of sex hormones, which indicates that sex differences affect the manifestation, pathophysiology, and outcomes of these diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that proinflammatory responses in ENT diseases are linked to the level of sex hormones. The sex hormone receptors are present on a wide variety of immune cells; therefore, it is evident that they play crucial roles in regulating the immune system and hence affect the disease progression of ENT diseases. In this review, we focus on how sex hormones, particularly estrogens, regulate ENT diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, vocal fold polyps, thyroid cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome, and head and neck cancers, from the perspectives of inflammatory responses and specialized proresolving mediator-driven resolution. This paper aims to clarify why considering sex differences in the field of basic and medical research on otolaryngology is a key component to successful therapy for both males and females in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-227-361-661 (ext. 5166)
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Mainguy-Seers S, Lavoie JP. Glucocorticoid treatment in horses with asthma: A narrative review. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2045-2057. [PMID: 34085342 PMCID: PMC8295667 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial research efforts to improve the treatment and outcome of horses with asthma, glucocorticoids (GC) remain the cornerstone of drug treatment of this prevalent disease. The high efficacy of GC to relieve airway obstruction explains their extensive use despite potential deleterious effects. However, much is yet to be uncovered concerning GC use in horses with asthma, including the comparative efficacy of the different drugs, the determination of minimal effective doses and the mechanisms underlying their variable modulation of airway inflammation. The objectives of this structured review were to report and compare the plethora of effects of the various GC used in asthmatic horses with a focus on impact on lung function, airway inflammation, and bronchial remodeling. Adverse effects are also briefly described, with an emphasis on those that have been specifically reported in horses with asthma. Ultimately, we aimed to highlight gaps in the literature and to identify future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mainguy-Seers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Albornoz A, Morales N, Uberti B, Henriquez C, Burgos RA, Alarcon P, Moran G. Tamoxifen and its metabolites induce mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3 activation in equine neutrophils. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:673-678. [PMID: 32558352 PMCID: PMC7738725 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils participate in innate immunity as the first line of host defence against microorganisms. However, persistent neutrophil activity and delayed apoptosis can be harmful to surrounding tissues; this problem occurs in diverse inflammatory diseases, including asthma‐affected horses. Previous studies in horses with acute lung inflammation indicated that treatment with tamoxifen (TX), a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, produces a significant decrease in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophil content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tamoxifen and its metabolites (N‐desmethyltamoxifen and endoxifen) on the mitochondrial membrane potential assay by flow cytometry, and the activation of effector caspase‐3 through immunoblotting, in peripheral blood neutrophils obtained from healthy horses (n = 5). Results show that tamoxifen, N‐desmethyltamoxifen and endoxifen depolarize the mitochondrial membrane and activate caspase‐3 in healthy equine neutrophils in vitro. These findings suggest that tamoxifen and its metabolites may activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in equine neutrophils. However, more studies are necessary to further explore the signalling pathways of these drugs in the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Albornoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamin Uberti
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henriquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Moran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Gajardo G, López-Muñoz R, Plaza A, Uberti B, Sarmiento J, Morán G, Henríquez C. Tamoxifen in horses: pharmacokinetics and safety study. Ir Vet J 2019; 72:5. [PMID: 31249663 PMCID: PMC6587269 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-019-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen (TAM), a selective modulator of estrogen receptors (SERMs) has been recently explored as a therapeutic option for the oral treatment of airway inflammation in the horse. The objective of this work was to establish pharmacokinetic parameters of TAM and its main metabolites in equines, as well as to determine its clinical safety in short-term treatments. Results We determined TAM and its three main metabolites (4-OH tamoxifen, endoxifen, and N-desmethyl tamoxifen) in plasma after single administration of 0.25 mg/kg in healthy adult horses (n = 12). A maximum concentration of TAM was achieved 3 h after the oral administration (4.65 pg/mL ± 1.69); 4-OH tamoxifen was the metabolite that reached the highest concentration (78 pg/mL ± 70), followed by N-desmethyl tamoxifen (0.43 pg / mL ± 0.48), and finally endoxifen (0.17 pg/mL ± 0.17). All metabolites showed peak concentration 2 h after oral administration of the drug. Oral TAM bioavailability was 13,15% ± 4,18, with a steady state volume of distribution of 7831 ± 2922 (L/kg). Elimination half-life was 15.40 ± 5.80 h, and clearance was 5876 ± 699 (mL/kg/min). Clinical safety of TAM was determined over a 7-day course of treatment (0.25 mg/kg, orally q 24 h, n = 20). No adverse effects were observed through clinical examination, blood hematology, serum biochemistry, ophthalmological and reproductive examinations. Endometrial edema observed in some mares was attributed to normal cyclic activity. Conclusions Tamoxifen has moderate oral bioavailability and a large volume of distribution, with three main metabolites in horses. Additionally, oral TAM administration over a 7-day treatment period demonstrated to be clinically safe, without adverse effects on clinical, hematological or serum biochemical parameters. These data could contribute to the continued research into this drug’s potential for the treatment of different inflammatory conditions in equine species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13620-019-0143-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Gajardo
- 1Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- 2Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- 3Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamin Uberti
- 4Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- 5Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Morán
- 2Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- 2Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Olave C, Alvarez P, Uberti B, Morales N, Henriquez C, Folch H, Sarmiento J, Moran G. Tamoxifen induces apoptosis and inhibits respiratory burst in equine neutrophils independently of estrogen receptors. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:248-254. [PMID: 30345523 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in the exacerbation and maintenance of severe equine asthma; persistent neutrophil activity and delayed apoptosis can be harmful to surrounding tissues. Tamoxifen (TX) is a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator with immunomodulatory effects and induces early apoptosis of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils from horses with acute lung inflammation. This study investigated if the in vitro effects of tamoxifen are produced by its action on nuclear (α and β) and membrane (GPR30) estrogen receptors in healthy equine neutrophils. Results showed that TX inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst induced by opsonized zymosan in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear (17-β-Estradiol) and GPR30 cell membrane (G1) estrogen receptor agonists and their antagonists (ICI 182,780 and G15, respectively) do not block or reproduce the effect of TX. Therefore, TX does not inhibit respiratory burst through estrogen receptors. TX (8.5 μM) also increased phosphatidylserine translocation, a marker of early apoptosis, which did not occur with any of the estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. Thus, tamoxifen generates dose-dependent inhibition of respiratory burst and increased early apoptosis in healthy equine neutrophils, independently of nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors. Further studies are necessary to explore the signaling pathways of tamoxifen-induced ROS inhibition and phosphatidylserine translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Olave
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamin Uberti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henriquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hugo Folch
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jose Sarmiento
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Moran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Mainguy-Seers S, Picotte K, Lavoie JP. Efficacy of tamoxifen for the treatment of severe equine asthma. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1748-1753. [PMID: 30084157 PMCID: PMC6189378 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, decreased airway neutrophilia and improved clinical signs in an experimental model of equine asthma, and induced neutrophilic apoptosis in vitro. Hypothesis/Objectives Tamoxifen reduces airway neutrophilia and improves lung function in severe asthmatic horses. Animals Twelve severe asthmatic horses from a research herd. Methods Randomized controlled blinded study design. The effects of a 12‐day oral treatment with tamoxifen (0.22 mg/kg, q24h) or dexamethasone (0.06 mg/kg, q24h) on lung function, endoscopic tracheal mucus score and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology were compared. Results Tamoxifen significantly improved the pulmonary resistance (RL; mean reduction of 1.15 cm H2O/L/s [CI: 0.29‐2.01, P = .007] on day 13), but had no effect on the other variables evaluated. Dexamethasone normalized lung function (mean reduction of RL of 2.48 cm H2O/L/s [CI: 1.54‐3.43, P < .0001] on day 13), without affecting airway neutrophilia. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results of this study do not support the use of tamoxifen at the dose studied as an antineutrophilic medication in the treatment of asthmatic horses in chronic exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mainguy-Seers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Khristine Picotte
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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