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Woo IS, Kim YR, Kim SW, Choi JY, Yoon HY, Bae K, Yoon KA, Kim JH. Successful post-incomplete resection management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor using imatinib based on adenosine triphosphate-based tumor sensitivity assay in a dog. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2024; 65:553-558. [PMID: 38827592 PMCID: PMC11132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors arising from gastric cardia are uncommon in dogs. A few studies have shown the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors, but no standardized protocols are currently available. An 11-year-old spayed female Maltese dog was diagnosed with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor using histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. An adenosine triphosphate-based tumor chemosensitivity assay revealed that imatinib at lower concentrations had a stronger inhibitory effect than toceranib. Based on the results of the assay, the dog was treated with imatinib after surgery. After 28 mo of therapy, there was no recurrence of the tumor. Key clinical message: Adenosine triphosphate-based tumor chemosensitivity assays may help clinicians to select appropriate postoperative chemotherapeutic drugs for incompletely resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Woo
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Kim
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Yoon
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieun Bae
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Ah Yoon
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, Choi, H-Y Yoon, Bae, K-A Yoon, J-H Kim); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Woo, Y-R Kim, S-W Kim, J-H Kim) and Department of Veterinary Surgery (Choi, H-Y Yoon) and Department of Veterinary Biochemistry (Bae, K-A Yoon), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, No. 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Aupperle-Lellbach H, Kehl A, de Brot S, van der Weyden L. Clinical Use of Molecular Biomarkers in Canine and Feline Oncology: Current and Future. Vet Sci 2024; 11:199. [PMID: 38787171 PMCID: PMC11126050 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are central to personalised medicine for human cancer patients. It is gaining traction as part of standard veterinary clinical practice for dogs and cats with cancer. Molecular biomarkers can be somatic or germline genomic alterations and can be ascertained from tissues or body fluids using various techniques. This review discusses how these genomic alterations can be determined and the findings used in clinical settings as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and screening biomarkers. We showcase the somatic and germline genomic alterations currently available to date for testing dogs and cats in a clinical setting, discussing their utility in each biomarker class. We also look at some emerging molecular biomarkers that are promising for clinical use. Finally, we discuss the hurdles that need to be overcome in going 'bench to bedside', i.e., the translation from discovery of genomic alterations to adoption by veterinary clinicians. As we understand more of the genomics underlying canine and feline tumours, molecular biomarkers will undoubtedly become a mainstay in delivering precision veterinary care to dogs and cats with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH&Co.KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Laboklin GmbH&Co.KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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Bertram CA, Donovan TA, Bartel A. Mitotic activity: A systematic literature review of the assessment methodology and prognostic value in canine tumors. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241239565. [PMID: 38533804 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241239565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the most relevant prognostic indices for tumors is cellular proliferation, which is most commonly measured by the mitotic activity in routine tumor sections. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze the methods and prognostic relevance of histologically measuring mitotic activity that have been reported for canine tumors in the literature. A total of 137 articles that correlated the mitotic activity in canine tumors with patient outcome were identified through a systematic (PubMed and Scopus) and nonsystematic (Google Scholar) literature search and eligibility screening process. Mitotic activity methods encompassed the mitotic count (MC, number of mitotic figures per tumor area) in 126 studies, presumably the MC (method not specified) in 6 studies, and the mitotic index (MI, number of mitotic figures per number of tumor cells) in 5 studies. A particularly high risk of bias was identified based on the available details of the MC methods and statistical analyses, which often did not quantify the prognostic discriminative ability of the MC and only reported P values. A significant association of the MC with survival was found in 72 of 109 (66%) studies. However, survival was evaluated by at least 3 studies in only 7 tumor types/groups, of which a prognostic relevance is apparent for mast cell tumors of the skin, cutaneous melanoma, and soft tissue tumor of the skin and subcutis. None of the studies using the MI found a prognostic relevance. This review highlights the need for more studies with standardized methods and appropriate analysis of the discriminative ability to prove the prognostic value of the MC and MI in various tumor types. Future studies are needed to evaluate the influence of the performance of individual pathologists on the appropriateness of prognostic thresholds and investigate methods to improve interobserver reproducibility.
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Dooley E, Stalker M, Jensen M, Pinard CJ. Colonic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) presenting with colocolonic intussusception: A rare case report. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2024; 65:25-28. [PMID: 38164375 PMCID: PMC10727163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
An 8-year-old spayed female British bulldog was presented with vomiting, hyporexia, and large-bowel diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a focal colonic mass with an intussusception located immediately oral to the mass. The intussusception encompassed the ascending and transverse colon and was non-reducible. Colonic resection and anastomosis were completed to include the intussusception and colonic mass. Histopathological examination of the mass demonstrated a spindle cell neoplasm arising within the muscular wall of the intussuscepted segment that obliterated normal architecture. Mild-to-moderate cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of the tumor cell population for CD117 and smooth muscle actin was consistent with a diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The dog described herein remains alive and free of progressive disease at the time of writing. Key clinical message: The entire gastrointestinal tract should be evaluated in any animal with gastrointestinal symptoms. A gastrointestinal stromal tumor remains a plausible differential diagnosis, regardless of the intestinal segment affected, and tumorassociated intussusception is a rare but urgent clinical finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dooley
- VCA Toronto Veterinary Emergency & Referral Hospital, 21 Rolark Drive, Scarborough, Ontario M1R 3B1 (Dooley); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Stalker); Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Jensen, Pinard); Department of Oncology, Lakeshore Animal Health Partners, 806 Southdown Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5J 2Y4 (Pinard); Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 (Pinard)
| | - Margaret Stalker
- VCA Toronto Veterinary Emergency & Referral Hospital, 21 Rolark Drive, Scarborough, Ontario M1R 3B1 (Dooley); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Stalker); Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Jensen, Pinard); Department of Oncology, Lakeshore Animal Health Partners, 806 Southdown Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5J 2Y4 (Pinard); Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 (Pinard)
| | - Monica Jensen
- VCA Toronto Veterinary Emergency & Referral Hospital, 21 Rolark Drive, Scarborough, Ontario M1R 3B1 (Dooley); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Stalker); Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Jensen, Pinard); Department of Oncology, Lakeshore Animal Health Partners, 806 Southdown Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5J 2Y4 (Pinard); Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 (Pinard)
| | - Christopher J Pinard
- VCA Toronto Veterinary Emergency & Referral Hospital, 21 Rolark Drive, Scarborough, Ontario M1R 3B1 (Dooley); Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Stalker); Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Jensen, Pinard); Department of Oncology, Lakeshore Animal Health Partners, 806 Southdown Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5J 2Y4 (Pinard); Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 (Pinard)
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Rosario CO, Musser ML, Yuan L, Mochel JP, Talbott J, Johannes CM, Berger EP. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia) use in the treatment of feline pancreatic carcinoma. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2023; 64:1143-1148. [PMID: 38046430 PMCID: PMC10637710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To retrospectively assess the biological response in cats with pancreatic carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate. Animals Twenty-six client-owned cats. Procedure Patient information from multiple institutions was solicited via an emailed REDCap survey. For inclusion, cats were required to have a confirmed diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma either by histopathology, cytology, or both; to have received treatment with toceranib phosphate; and to have adequate follow-up data for analysis. Results Twenty cats were treated for gross disease and 6 for microscopic disease/incomplete margins. Clinical benefit (complete response, partial response, or stable disease ≥ 10 wk) was observed in 9/20 cats treated in the gross disease setting (45%; complete response: n = 1, stable disease: n = 8). The remaining 11 cats with gross disease did not respond to toceranib phosphate. In the cats with microscopic disease, response was mixed. The median survival time for all cats was 97 d (range: 1 to 1666 d). Conclusion Toceranib phosphate was well-tolerated and provided modest clinical benefit to a subset of cats treated. Clinical relevance Although feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma continues to be a challenging disease to treat, toceranib phosphate appeared to provide potential clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ortiz Rosario
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Margaret L Musser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Lignan Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Jessica Talbott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Erika P Berger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
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Osada H, Okazawa T, Kushida K, Kishimoto M, Ikeda M, Kondo H, Kimura J, Ohmori K. Toceranib phosphate and firocoxib-mediated partial response in a dog with advanced intranasal sarcoma. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1004-1009. [PMID: 37532540 PMCID: PMC10539811 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A nine-year-old, castrated male mixed-breed dog presented with a three-month history of sneezing and stertorous breathing. Computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass in the left nasal cavity with lysis of the cribriform plate. The mass was diagnosed as intranasal sarcoma based on histopathological analysis. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α/β and negative for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and cyclooxygenase-2. Treatment with toceranib phosphate (TOC) and firocoxib reduced the tumor size, which was defined as partial response (PR). After PR induction, TOC alone mediated survival for 205 days. This case report suggests that the combination of TOC and possibly firocoxib may be a therapeutic option for canine intranasal sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Osada
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Okazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kushida
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miori Kishimoto
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junpei Kimura
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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MAEDA S. Second era of molecular-targeted cancer therapies in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:790-798. [PMID: 37380433 PMCID: PMC10466056 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular biology and bioinformatics using next-generation sequencing has dramatically advanced the identification of molecules involved in various diseases and the elucidation of their pathogenesis. Consequently, many molecular-targeted therapies have been developed in the medical field. In veterinary medicine, the world's first molecular-targeted drug for animals, masitinib, was approved in 2008, followed by the multikinase inhibitor toceranib in 2009. Toceranib was originally approved for mast cell tumors in dogs but has also been shown to be effective in other tumors because of its ability to inhibit molecules involved in angiogenesis. Thus, toceranib has achieved great success as a molecular-targeted cancer therapy for dogs. Although there has been no progress in the development and commercialization of new molecular-targeted drugs for the treatment of cancer since the success of toceranib, several clinical trials have recently reported the administration of novel agents in the research stage to dogs with tumors. This review provides an overview of molecular-targeted drugs for canine tumors, particularly transitional cell carcinomas, and presents some of our recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo MAEDA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Treggiari E, Giantin M, Ferro S, Romanelli G. Canine gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with surgery and imatinib mesylate: three cases (2018-2020). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:161-167. [PMID: 36335646 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are described in dogs and are histologically diagnosed with the aid of immunohistochemistry to allow differentiation from leiomyomas/leiomyosarcomas. These tumours express c-kit and in some cases could harbour mutations in KIT coding gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs with a diagnosis of GIST previously confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry were considered for inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for clinical signs at presentation, results of diagnostic tests, tumour location and treatment. To be included, patients had to undergo staging procedures and treatment with imatinib alone or in combination with surgery. Immunohistochemistry and KIT mutational analysis were performed assessing all included cases. RESULTS Three cases were included. All cases underwent staging procedures and surgical excision. Tumours were located in the stomach (two cases) or caecum (one case). KIT mutational status was assessed and the presence of a 54-base pair deletion in exon 11 was identified in one case. Following surgery, imatinib was used to treat recurrent, metastatic or residual disease and resulted in complete response and stable disease in the macroscopic setting and no evidence of recurrence in the microscopic setting. Follow-up time was 890, 120 and 352 days, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgical and medical treatment resulted in a positive outcome in these cases of canine GIST. Imatinib treatment was well tolerated and resulted in a measurable response and a low spectrum of toxicities. Further studies on the tolerability and efficacy of imatinib in solid tumours and GIST are warranted to define its effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Treggiari
- Centro Specialistico Veterinario, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - G Romanelli
- Centro Specialistico Veterinario, Milan, Italy
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Sheppard‐Olivares S, Bello NM, Johannes CM, Hocker SE, Biller B, Husbands B, Snyder E, McMillan M, McKee T, Wouda RM. Toceranib phosphate in the management of canine insulinoma: A retrospective multicentre study of 30 cases (2009-2019). Vet Rec Open 2022; 9:e27. [PMID: 35079406 PMCID: PMC8776903 DOI: 10.1002/vro2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulinomas are the most common tumour of the endocrine pancreas in dogs. These malignant tumours have a high metastatic rate and limited chemotherapeutic options. The multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate has benefit in the treatment of metastatic insulinoma in people. Toceranib phosphate, an analogous veterinary agent, may provide benefit for dogs. METHODS A retrospective study describing the extent and duration of clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) in dogs diagnosed with insulinoma and receiving toceranib. RESULTS Records for 30 dogs diagnosed with insulinoma and having received toceranib were identified from a medical record search of five university and eight referral hospitals. The median progression-free interval and overall survival time were 561 days (95% confidence interval (CI): [246, 727 days]) and 656 days (95% CI: [310, 1045 days]), respectively. Of the dogs for which the canine Response evaluation criteria for solid tumours tool could be applied, the majority (66.7%) showed either a complete response, partial response or stable disease. Time to clinical progression was associated with prior intervention and type of veterinary practice. Larger dogs were at increased risk for disease progression and death. No novel AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS Most dogs diagnosed with insulinoma and receiving toceranib appeared to have a clinical benefit. Randomised, prospective studies are needed to better elucidate and objectively quantify the potential effect and survival benefit of toceranib therapy for management of insulinoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sheppard‐Olivares
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
- Present address:
3901 Guadalupe Street, Austin, TX 78751, USA.
| | - Nora M. Bello
- Department of StatisticsCollege of Arts and SciencesKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
| | - Chad M. Johannes
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Samuel E. Hocker
- Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
- Present address:
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Barbara Biller
- Flint Animal Cancer CenterCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Present address:
4120 Clydesdale Pkwy, Loveland, CO 80538, USA.
| | - Brian Husbands
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences DepartmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Snyder
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Present address:
BluePearl Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital, 1646 Spring Cypress Rd Ste 100, Spring, TX 77388, USA.
| | - Mattison McMillan
- Las Vegas Veterinary Specialty CenterLas VegasNevadaUSA
- Present address:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Talon McKee
- Clinical Studies DepartmentVCA Inc.Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Raelene M. Wouda
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
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10
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) presenting as a multilocular cystic intra-abdominal mass in a dog. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:415. [DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm described in humans, dogs, and cats. A hallmark of diagnosis for GISTs is positive immunohistochemical labelling with c-Kit (CD117). The differentiation of GIST from other mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract is pivotal to allow for initiation of appropriate treatment. In humans, cystic GIST has been described, though this has not been reported in dogs. In humans, the cystic form of GIST has been associated with a favorable prognosis. In the present paper, we report a case of multilocular cystic GIST in a dog, which has not previously been described in this species.
Case presentation
A ten-year-old, male-entire Maltese terrier mix breed dog presented with a large cystic mural mass of the duoedenum and orad jejunum. Histopathology and positive immunohistochemical staining with CD117 confirmed a diagnosis of GIST. No evidence of metastasis was detected on routine staging with abdominal sonography and thoracic radiography at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection was performed and toceranib therapy was initiated post-operatively. Metastasis was documented 251 days after surgery on computed tomography. Due to clinical deterioration, the patient was humanely euthanised 370 days after surgical excision.
Conclusions
There are few differential diagnoses for large multilocular cystic intra-abdominal masses in dogs. This case presents a previously undescribed presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the dog as a predominantly multilocular cystic mass. It remains unclear if the cystic form of GIST may represent a favorable prognosis in dogs.
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11
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Cattaneo G, Schiavo L, Bochyńska D, Hughes K, Dobson JM, McCallum KE. Caecal gastrointestinal stromal tumour with secondary immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia in a cocker spaniel. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattaneo
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge University Veterinary School Cambridge UK
| | - Luca Schiavo
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge University Veterinary School Cambridge UK
| | - Diana Bochyńska
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge University Veterinary School Cambridge UK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge University Veterinary School Cambridge UK
| | - Jane M. Dobson
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge University Veterinary School Cambridge UK
| | - Katie E. McCallum
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge University Veterinary School Cambridge UK
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12
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Morini M, Gentilini F, Turba ME, Gobbo F, Mandrioli L, Bettini G. Mutational Analysis of c-KIT and PDGFRA in Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070376. [PMID: 35878393 PMCID: PMC9323380 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto-oncogenes c-KIT and PDGFRA drive GIST oncogenesis and are used to predict the response to RTK-inhibitors in human oncology. Currently, the frequency and significance of these mutations in canine GIST have not been adequately explored. Therefore, we investigated the mutational status of c-KIT (exons 9, 11 and 13) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) genes by PCR followed by fragment analysis for c-KIT deletions and PCR followed by screening with DHPLC and direct sequencing confirmation for single nucleotide variations in 17 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine GISTs confirmed by KIT immunopositivity. c-KIT mutations were detected in 47% of cases, with a mutation detection rate significantly higher (p = 0.0004, Fisher’s exact test) and always involving exon 11. A PDGFRA gene mutation (exon 18) was identified in one case. Even if follow-up data were not available for all cases, four cases with documented abdominal metastases displayed c-KIT mutations. These data confirm that c-KIT exon 11 mutations occur frequently in canine GISTs, and identify the presence of a PDGFRA mutation similar to human GISTs. This study also suggests a potential association of c-KIT mutation with more aggressive biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
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13
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VEGF Receptor Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension: Emerging Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:463-474. [PMID: 35179707 PMCID: PMC9218917 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRis) have dramatically improved cancer survival, these drugs cause hypertension in a majority of patients. This side effect is often dose limiting and increases cardiovascular mortality in cancer survivors. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and clinical findings that impact management of VEGFRi-induced hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies define new connections between endothelial dysfunction and VEGFRi-induced hypertension, including the balance between nitric oxide, oxidative stress, endothelin signaling, and prostaglandins and the potential role of microparticles, vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular stiffness, and microvessel rarefaction. Data implicating genetic polymorphisms that might identify patients at risk for VEGFRi-induced hypertension and the growing body of literature associating VEGFRi-induced hypertension with antitumor efficacy are reviewed. These recent advances have implications for the future of cardio-oncology clinics and the management of VEGFRi-induced hypertension.
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14
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Frezoulis P, Harper A. The role of toceranib phosphate in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia: A systematic review. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:362-371. [PMID: 34981886 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has gained significant importance in veterinary cancer patients over the last decade. Toceranib phosphate has been licensed for the treatment of dogs with mast cell tumours. Its molecular similarity to sunitinib, a TKI used in human medicine, has led many veterinary oncologists to use this agent for multiple neoplastic diseases. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the evidence for the use of toceranib in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia. Two electronic databases were searched. Publications were included if toceranib was used as a treatment option in canine patients. Studies and case reports were excluded if toceranib was used as part of a multi-modal treatment plan and response or outcome data related to toceranib therapy were not described. A total of 28 studies were included from 122 references. The most common types of neoplasias identified were neuroendocrine tumours, anal gland sac adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Multiple other neoplasias had one or two studies identified to describe the use of toceranib. Results of the study support that toceranib phosphate may have efficacy against certain types of neoplasia under certain conditions, such as neuroendocrine tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and anal sac adenocarcinomas, while it is probably not effective for the management of metastatic osteosarcoma based on the findings of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Harper
- Wear Veterinary Referrals, Stockton-on-Tees, Durham, UK
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15
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Serpa PBS, Santos AP. Incidental diagnosis of a spindle cell type gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a dog with ethylene glycol intoxication. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50 Suppl 1:70-75. [PMID: 34806207 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old castrated male American Pit Bull Terrier dog was presented for evaluation of acute onset of tonic-clonic seizures, anorexia, and vomiting. On physical examination, neurologic signs, such as generalized proprioceptive ataxia, salivation, circling to the right, and absent patellar reflexes bilaterally, were noted. A complete blood cell count revealed mild hemoconcentration and an inflammatory leukogram, while a chemistry panel showed severe azotemia, marked hypochloremia, and a severe titrational metabolic acidosis, suggesting possible ethylene glycol intoxication. However, an irregularly round, small mass was identified in the large intestine on abdominal ultrasound. Additionally, bilateral hyperechoic renal cortices with medullary rim sign were suggestive of acute nephritis or tubular necrosis. The cytologic evaluation of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the abdominal mass revealed a large population of mesenchymal cells, suggesting the presence of neoplasia. Due to the worsening of symptoms, the dog was humanely euthanized. Necropsy confirmed ethylene glycol intoxication, and the incidental finding of a neoplastic intestinal mass was diagnosed as spindle cell sarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong, diffuse positivity for CD117, smooth muscle actin, and S-100, indicating the final diagnosis of a spindle cell type gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). This report briefly discusses the classifications of nonlymphoid, nonangiogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumors, characteristics of GISTs, and the importance of the immunohistochemical classification of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila B S Serpa
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea P Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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16
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Korec DI, Louke DS, Breitbach JT, Geisler JA, Husbands BD, Fenger JM. Characterization of receptor tyrosine kinase activation and biological activity of toceranib phosphate in canine urothelial carcinoma cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:320. [PMID: 34600548 PMCID: PMC8487586 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for > 90% of canine tumors occurring in the urinary bladder. Toceranib phosphate (TOC) is a multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that exhibits activity against members of the split kinase family of RTKs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate primary UC tumors and UC cell lines for the expression and activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and KIT to assess whether dysregulation of these RTKs may contribute to the observed biological activity of TOC. Results Transcript for VEGFR2, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and KIT was detected in all UC tissue samples and UC cell lines. The Proteome Profiler™ Human Phospho-RTK Array Kit (R & D Systems) provided a platform to assess phosphorylation of 42 different RTKs in primary UC tumors and UC cell lines. Evidence of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ phosphorylation was present in only 11% or 33% of UC tumors, respectively, and 25% of UC cell lines. Treatment of UC cell lines with TOC had no significant impact on cell proliferation, including UC cell lines with evidence of PDGFRβ phosphorylation. Conclusions Phosphorylation of several key RTKs targeted by TOC is present in a small subset of primary UC tumors and UC cell lines, suggesting that these RTKs do not exist in a state of continuous activation. These data suggest that activation of RTKs targeted by TOC is present in a small subset of UC tumors and UC cell lines and that treatment with TOC at physiologically relevant concentrations has no direct anti-proliferative effect on UC cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03027-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I Korec
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darian S Louke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Justin T Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Geisler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian D Husbands
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joelle M Fenger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA.
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17
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Fujii Y, Iwasaki R, Ikeda S, Chimura S, Goto M, Yoshizaki K, Sakai H, Ito N, Mori T. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour lacking mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:239-243. [PMID: 34409605 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular subtyping in gastrointestinal stromal tumours is a useful method for predicting the efficacy of treatment using tyrosine kinase inhibitors in humans. However, owing to the paucity of reports on mutational analyses, the association between genetic mutations and the therapeutic response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors remains unclear in feline gastrointestinal stromal tumours. In this report, we describe the case of a cat with a gastrointestinal stromal tumour which was unresponsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A mutational analysis revealed that the cat lacked mutations in both the KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) genes. Our findings are consistent with the fact that KIT/PDGFRA wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours are less responsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in humans. This signifies the need for further evaluation and possibly individualised treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumours in cats on the basis of mutational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujii
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.,Animal Medical Centre, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - R Iwasaki
- Animal Medical Centre, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - S Ikeda
- Chimura Animal Hospital, Iwakura, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Chimura
- Chimura Animal Hospital, Iwakura, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Goto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - K Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - H Sakai
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - N Ito
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.,Animal Medical Centre, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
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18
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Musser ML, Johannes CM. Toceranib phosphate (Palladia) for the treatment of canine exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:269. [PMID: 34380474 PMCID: PMC8356392 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine pancreatic carcinoma is a rare, aggressive tumour that is often diagnosed late in the course of disease. Effective treatment strategies have been elusive, and overall survival time is short. In humans, treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone, or in combination with IV gemcitabine, have been moderately effective. As canine and human pancreatic carcinomas share many clinical aspects, strategies that mimic human treatment regimens may confer a better outcome in canine patients. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the veterinary tyrosine kinase inhibitor, toceranib phosphate, in the treatment of cytologically or histologically confirmed canine pancreatic carcinomas. Results Retrospectively, medical records of dogs with confirmed pancreatic carcinoma treated with toceranib were reviewed. Eight dogs were identified that fit the inclusion criteria. Toceranib was well-tolerated by all patients. Six were treated in the gross disease setting. Four had image-based evaluation of clinical benefit (complete response, partial response, or stable disease of > 10 weeks). Of those patients, 1 achieved a partial response, 2 stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease, for an overall clinical benefit rate of 75 %. An additional dog had clinically stable disease that was not confirmed via imaging. The toceranib-specific median overall survival time was 89.5 days (range: 14–506 days). Conclusions Although limited in patient number, this small study suggests that toceranib may have biologic activity in dogs with pancreatic carcinoma. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and define the use of toceranib in the microscopic disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Musser
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 S. Riverside Dr, Ames, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Chad M Johannes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 S. Riverside Dr, Ames, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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19
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Irie M, Tomiyasu H, Tsujimoto H, Kita C, Kagawa Y. Prognostic factors for dogs with surgically resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1481-1484. [PMID: 34321378 PMCID: PMC8498832 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few reports have investigated prognosis of canine gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cases treated by surgical resection alone. In the present study, we investigated the overall survival
(OS) and prognostic factors for dogs with GIST treated by surgical complete resection alone. Fifty-three dogs were included, and the median OS was 18 months. Multivariate analysis showed
that primary tumors in small intestine (P=0.04) is significantly associated with shorter OS, and median OS of the cases with cecum lesion and those with small intestine
lesion was 22 and 6 months, respectively. The present study suggested primary tumor site was a novel prognostic factor for dogs with GIST treated by surgical complete resection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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20
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Kruglyak KM, Chibuk J, McLennan L, Nakashe P, Hernandez GE, Motalli-Pepio R, Fath DM, Tynan JA, Holtvoigt LE, Chorny I, Grosu DS, Tsui DW, Flory A. Blood-Based Liquid Biopsy for Comprehensive Cancer Genomic Profiling Using Next-Generation Sequencing: An Emerging Paradigm for Non-invasive Cancer Detection and Management in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:704835. [PMID: 34307538 PMCID: PMC8297996 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.704835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that blood-based liquid biopsy using next generation sequencing of cell-free DNA can non-invasively detect multiple classes of genomic alterations in dogs with cancer, including alterations that originate from spatially separated tumor sites. Eleven dogs with a variety of confirmed cancer diagnoses (including localized and disseminated disease) who were scheduled for surgical resection, and five presumably cancer-free dogs, were enrolled. Blood was collected from each subject, and multiple spatially separated tumor tissue samples were collected during surgery from 9 of the cancer subjects. All samples were analyzed using an advanced prototype of a novel liquid biopsy test designed to non-invasively interrogate multiple classes of genomic alterations for the detection, characterization, and management of cancer in dogs. In five of the nine cancer patients with matched tumor and plasma samples, pre-surgical liquid biopsy testing identified genomic alterations, including single nucleotide variants and copy number variants, that matched alterations independently detected in corresponding tumor tissue samples. Importantly, the pre-surgical liquid biopsy test detected alterations observed in spatially separated tissue samples from the same subject, demonstrating the potential of blood-based testing for comprehensive genomic profiling of heterogeneous tumors. Among the three patients with post-surgical blood samples, genomic alterations remained detectable in one patient with incomplete tumor resection, suggesting utility for non-invasive detection of minimal residual disease following curative-intent treatment. Liquid biopsy allows for non-invasive profiling of cancer-associated genomic alterations with a simple blood draw and has potential to overcome the limitations of tissue-based testing posed by tissue-level genomic heterogeneity.
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21
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Del Alcazar CM, Mahoney JA, Dittrich K, Stefanovski D, Church ME. Outcome, prognostic factors and histological characterization of canine gastrointestinal sarcomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:578-586. [PMID: 33774909 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Canine gastrointestinal sarcomas, a group of tumours that includes leiomyosarcomas (LMSAs), gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and other rarer sarcomas, comprise about 10-30% of all gastrointestinal tumours. This study aims to characterize the histologic characteristics and clinical behaviour in order to identify prognostic factors predictive of outcome. A single institution database search for surgically treated gastrointestinal sarcomas yielded 47 cases with adequate tissue remaining for histologic analysis and 42 cases available for analysis of clinical outcome. Tumours were then prospectively evaluated for mitotic count, necrosis, haemorrhage and inflammation, as well as categorized via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for smooth muscle actin, c-KIT and DOG-1. IHC analysis defined 32 tumours as GISTs, 14 as LMSAs and one as a sarcoma not otherwise specified. For both GISTs and LMSAs, the overall median survival time (MST) is 1024 days (range 31-1456), which did not differ statistically between tumour types (p = .92). The overall metastatic rate of GISTs in this study was 32.1% (n = 9) which was not significantly different to that of LMSAs at 15.3% (n = 2, p = .45). In multivariate analysis, mitotic count under 9 in GIST patients and complete surgical excision in all tumour types correlated with improved MST. For patients with GISTs, the intensity of c-KIT staining also correlated positively with survival, with an MST of 250 days in cases with weak staining and an MST of 1418 days in cases with moderate or strong c-KIT staining (p = .005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Del Alcazar
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Friendship Hospital for Animals, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer A Mahoney
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Dittrich
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Molly E Church
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Coto GM, Musser ML, Tropf MA, Ward JL, Seo YJ, Mochel JP, Johannes CM. A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Analysis of Toceranib Phosphate for Presumed or Confirmed Canine Aortic Body Chemodectomas. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:635057. [PMID: 33614771 PMCID: PMC7892462 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.635057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic body tumors, specifically chemodectomas, are the second most common type of canine cardiac tumor; however, information about treatment is currently lacking. This study included dogs with a presumptive or definitive diagnosis of an aortic body chemodectoma that underwent treatment with toceranib phosphate. Cases were solicited via the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Cardiology, Internal Medicine, and Oncology listservs using an electronic survey. Cox multivariate analysis of factors potentially impacting survival time was completed. Twenty-seven (27) cases were included in analysis. The clinical benefit rate (complete remission, partial remission, or stable disease >10 weeks) was 89%. A median survival time of 478 days was found for those receiving toceranib alone (n = 14), which was not statistically different from those treated with additional modalities (521 days). No factors evaluated statistically impacted outcome. Further, prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the use of toceranib for the treatment of canine aortic body chemodectomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna M Coto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Margaret L Musser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melissa A Tropf
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jessica L Ward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yeon-Jung Seo
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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23
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Controlled Drug Delivery Vehicles in Veterinary Oncology: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery systems can be used to carry several anticancer agents, including classical chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel or cisplatin, and are also used for the encapsulation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Usually, the controlled systems are used to decrease drug toxicity, increase local drug concentration or target specific organs or systems. In dogs, liposomal doxorubicin is the most known controlled drug delivery vehicle in veterinary medicine. However, several antitumor drugs can be encapsulated within these systems. Since the delivery vehicles are a relatively new topic in veterinary oncology, this review aims to discuss the current knowledge regarding the controlled drug delivery vehicles and discuss the current challenges and future direction of its use in veterinary oncology.
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24
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Takagi S, Yamazaki H, Izumi Y, Hanazono K, Hoshino Y, Hosoya K. Assessment of tumor enhancement by contrast-enhanced CT in solid tumor-bearing dogs treated with toceranib phosphate. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:427-434. [PMID: 32162400 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) has been used to indirectly assess the antiangiogenic effects demonstrated by a number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to quantitatively evaluate changes in tumor contrast-enhancement (CE) using CECT in solid tumor-bearing dogs treated with toceranib phosphate (TOC). The changes in tumor size and CE were measured using the Hounsfield unit (HU) scale in CECT images before TOC treatment and between 30 and 90 days after initiating the treatment. Among the 36 dogs treated with TOC, eight (22.2%) showed a partial response, 22 (61.1%) showed stable disease, and six (16.7%) showed progressive disease. Thirty (83.3%) of 36 dogs showed a decrease in tumor CE (median: -20%, range: -1% to -48%) after initiating the treatment. The results indicated that tumor CE and size changes were observed in tumor-bearing dogs that were treated with TOC; however, tumor CE was not significantly correlated with tumor regression. We suggest that these results could serve as pilot data to evaluate the antiangiogenic effects associated with TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takagi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuoku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Izumi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Hoshino
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Division of Small Animal Surgery, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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25
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Sheppard-Olivares S, Bello NM, Wood E, Szivek A, Biller B, Hocker S, Wouda RM. Toceranib phosphate in the treatment of canine thyroid carcinoma: 42 cases (2009-2018). Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:519-527. [PMID: 32012432 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy in dogs. Thyroidectomy and radiation therapy control local disease, yet are not always feasible, and efficacious medical therapies need to be identified. Toceranib phosphate has been reported to provide clinical benefit (CB) in dogs with thyroid carcinoma, while its role in treatment-naïve thyroid tumours has not been well-described. The objective of this study was to describe the use of toceranib in the management of thyroid carcinomas in dogs in both the naïve-disease and prior therapy- settings. A medical record search identified 42 dogs diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma and treated with toceranib, of which 26 and 16 dogs were in settings of naïve-disease and after prior therapy, respectively. Twenty-three (88.4%) and twelve (75%) dogs experienced CB in the naïve and prior therapy settings, respectively. The median [95% confidence interval] progression free interval (PFI) for dogs in the naïve and prior therapy settings were 206 [106,740] and 1015 [92,1015] days, respectively. The median overall survival time (OST) for dogs in the naïve and prior therapy settings were 563 [246,916] and 1082 [289,1894] days, respectively. Overall, the data provided no evidence for differences in overall PFI (P > .20) or OST (P = .15) between settings. However, when asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, dogs in the naïve setting showed poorer survival prognosis (estimated hazard ratio 17.2 [1.8, 163]) relative to dogs in the prior therapy setting. This study characterizes PFI, OST and CB with minimal AE in dogs with thyroid carcinoma treated with toceranib in both the naïve and prior therapy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sheppard-Olivares
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Nora M Bello
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Elizabeth Wood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anna Szivek
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Barbara Biller
- Colorado State University, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Samuel Hocker
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Raelene M Wouda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas
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26
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McGregor O, Moore AS, Yeomans S. Management of a feline gastric stromal cell tumour with toceranib phosphate: a case study. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:181-184. [PMID: 31971262 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fifteen-year old, female spayed domestic longhaired cat was presented for a routine vaccination during which an incidental abdominal mass was palpated. After further inquiry, occasional vomiting was reported to occur once every few weeks to months, associated with no other gastrointestinal signs. CASE REPORT Ultrasonography revealed a gastric mass. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a CD117 positive, smooth muscle actin and desmin negative neoplasm, consistent with a gastrointestinal stromal cell tumour (GIST). Treatment was initiated with toceranib phosphate resulting in stable disease for over eighteen months, and the patient was still alive at the time of writing. CONCLUSION GISTs are rare in cats and this is the first report of medical management of feline GIST using toceranib.
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Affiliation(s)
- O McGregor
- Northside Veterinary Specialists, Terrey Hills, New South Wales, 2084, Australia
| | - A S Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants, Lake Innes, New South Wales, 2446, Australia
| | - S Yeomans
- Clinical Pathology, Vetnostics, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
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27
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Borgatti A, Dickerson EB, Lawrence J. Emerging therapeutic approaches for canine sarcomas: Pushing the boundaries beyond the conventional. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:9-24. [PMID: 31749286 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a group of genomically chaotic, highly heterogenous tumours of mesenchymal origin with variable mutational load. Conventional therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is effective for managing small, low-grade sarcomas and remains the standard therapeutic approach. For advanced, high-grade, recurrent, or metastatic sarcomas, systemic chemotherapy provides minimal benefit, therefore, there is a drive to develop novel approaches. The discovery of "Coley's toxins" in the 19th century, and their use to stimulate the immune system supported the application of unconventional therapies for the treatment of sarcomas. While promising, this initial work was abandoned and treatment paradigm and disease course of sarcomas was largely unchanged for several decades. Exciting new therapies are currently changing treatment algorithms for advanced carcinomas and melanomas, and similar approaches are being applied to advance the field of sarcoma research. Recent discoveries in subtype-specific cancer biology and the identification of distinct molecular targets have led to the development of promising targeted strategies with remarkable potential to change the landscape of sarcoma therapy in dogs. The purpose of this review article is to describe the current standard of care and limitations as well as emerging approaches for sarcoma therapy that span many of the most active paradigms in oncologic research, including immunotherapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and drugs capable of cellular metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Borgatti
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Clinical Investigation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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28
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Mochel JP, Ekker SC, Johannes CM, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Bourgois-Mochel A, Knouse M, Benzekry S, Wierson W, LeBlanc AK, Kenderian SS. CAR T Cell Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Oncology: Changing the Odds Against Hematological Malignancies. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:50. [PMID: 30963322 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the genome editing era brings forth the promise of adoptive cell transfer using engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for targeted cancer therapy. CAR T cell immunotherapy is probably one of the most encouraging developments for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In 2017, two CAR T cell therapies were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one for the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the other for adult patients with advanced lymphomas. However, despite significant progress in the area, CAR T cell therapy is still in its early days and faces significant challenges, including the complexity and costs associated with the technology. B cell lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic cancer in dogs, with an incidence approaching 0.1% and a total of 20-100 cases per 100,000 individuals. It is a widely accepted naturally occurring model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Current treatment is with combination chemotherapy protocols, which prolong life for less than a year in canines and are associated with severe dose-limiting side effects, such as gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. To date, one canine study generated CAR T cells by transfection of mRNA for CAR domain expression. While this was shown to provide a transient anti-tumor activity, results were modest, indicating that stable, genomic integration of CAR modules is required in order to achieve lasting therapeutic benefit. This commentary summarizes the current state of knowledge on CAR T cell immunotherapy in human medicine and its potential applications in animal health, while discussing the potential of the canine model as a translational system for immuno-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA. .,Iowa State University College of Vet. Medicine, 2448 Lloyd, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011-1250, USA.
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Michael Knouse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Sebastien Benzekry
- Team MONC, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wesley Wierson
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Division of Hematology, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
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29
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Won S, Kim Y, Yoon J. Use of imatinib mesylate in a cat with gastrointestinal stromal tumour. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongbaek Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Junghee Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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30
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Berger EP, Johannes CM, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Powers BE, Du Y, Mochel JP, Fox LE, Musser ML. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) use in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:2045-2053. [PMID: 30307656 PMCID: PMC6271363 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon intestinal neoplasms in the dog. Literature regarding adjunctive therapy for GISTs in dogs is sparse. High‐risk GISTs in humans respond to tyrosine kinase inhibition in the adjuvant setting. Objectives To review cases of toceranib phosphate use in dogs with GISTs and provide initial assessment of possible biological activity. A secondary aim was to evaluate patient and tumor characteristics for possible prognostic value. Animals Twenty‐seven dogs with confirmed GISTs based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry treated with toceranib. Methods Retrospective study in which cases of toceranib use in dogs with GIST were solicited using the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Oncology and Small Animal Internal Medicine listservs. Results Five of 7 dogs with gross disease experienced clinical benefit (71%; 3 complete responses, 1 partial response, 1 stable disease). These included 2 dogs with durable responses after toceranib discontinuation. Median progression‐free interval (PFI) in dogs with gross disease was 110 weeks (range, 36‐155 weeks). Median PFI in dogs with microscopic disease was 67 weeks (range, 9‐257 weeks). Metastasis at diagnosis (P = 0.04) and high mitotic index (P < 0.001) were associated with shorter PFI in toceranib‐treated dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Biological activity of toceranib is evident in dogs with gross disease. Metastasis of GIST at diagnosis, as well as high tumor mitotic index, was associated with shorter PFI in toceranib‐treated dogs. Larger studies are needed to define postsurgical risk and refine the use of toceranib in dogs with gross and microscopic GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Berger
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Barbara E Powers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Yingzhou Du
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Leslie E Fox
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Margaret L Musser
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
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