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Pugliese M, Biondi V, Gugliandolo E, Licata P, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Passantino A. D-Penicillamine: The State of the Art in Humans and in Dogs from a Pharmacological and Regulatory Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060648. [PMID: 34071639 PMCID: PMC8229433 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelant agents are the mainstay of treatment in copper-associated hepatitis in humans, where D-penicillamine is the chelant agent of first choice. In veterinary medicine, the use of D-penicillamine has increased with the recent recognition of copper-associated hepatopathies that occur in several breeds of dogs. Although the different regulatory authorities in the world (United States Food and Drugs Administration-U.S. FDA, European Medicines Agency-EMEA, etc.) do not approve D-penicillamine for use in dogs, it has been used to treat copper-associated hepatitis in dogs since the 1970s, and is prescribed legally by veterinarians as an extra-label drug to treat this disease and alleviate suffering. The present study aims to: (a) address the pharmacological features; (b) outline the clinical scenario underlying the increased interest in D-penicillamine by overviewing the evolution of its main therapeutic goals in humans and dogs; and finally, (c) provide a discussion on its use and prescription in veterinary medicine from a regulatory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (V.B.); (E.G.); (P.L.); (A.P.)
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Vincent AM, Sordillo LM, Smedley RC, Gandy JC, Brown JL, Langlois DK. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress in Labrador retrievers with copper-associated hepatitis. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:866-873. [PMID: 34029383 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis (CAH) as compared with healthy controls, and to evaluate if these markers correlate with hepatic copper concentrations and hepatic histopathologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study. Plasma reactive metabolite concentrations, plasma antioxidant potential, and plasma and urine isoprostane concentrations were determined in Labrador retrievers with copper-associated hepatitis (n=9) as well as in breed- and sex-matched (n=9) and age- and sex-matched (n=9) healthy control populations. Possible correlations between markers of oxidative stress and hepatic histopathological features also were investigated. RESULTS Reactive metabolites (median, range) were over twofold greater in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis (87.2 RFU/μL, 60.9 to 185.6 RFU/μL) as compared to breed- and sex-matched (38.2 RFU/μL, 22.4 to 116.8 RFU/μL) and age- and sex-matched controls (32.0 RFU/μL, 18.5 to 127.4 RFU/μL). Antioxidant potential was decreased in copper-associated hepatitis dogs (6.5 TE/μL, 5.1 to 7.7 TE/μL) as compared to breed- and sex-matched controls (8.2 TE/μL, 5.3 to 11.8 TE/μL). Both reactive metabolite concentrations and the reactive metabolite to antioxidant potential ratio were positively correlated with hepatic copper concentrations. Plasma and urine isoprostanes were variable and not significantly different between populations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Labrador retrievers with copper-associated hepatitis have altered oxidant status. Plasma reactive metabolite concentrations and the reactive metabolite to antioxidant potential ratio could be useful biomarkers. However, neither plasma nor urine isoprostanes were useful biomarkers for copper-associated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vincent
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L M Sordillo
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R C Smedley
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J C Gandy
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J L Brown
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - D K Langlois
- From the Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Vincent, Langlois) and Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Sordillo, Gandy, Brown), and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Smedley), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Srinivasan BR, Dhuri SN, Naik AR, Näther C, Bensch W. Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Crystal Structures of Five Organic Ammonium Tetrasulfidomolybdates. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunder N. Dhuri
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | - Ashish R. Naik
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Max-Eyth Strasse 2 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bensch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Max-Eyth Strasse 2 D-24118 Kiel Germany
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Langlois DK, Querubin JR, Schall WD, Nelson NC, Smedley RC. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment of copper-associated hepatopathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1336-1343. [PMID: 30883912 PMCID: PMC6524386 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Copper‐associated hepatopathy (CAH) is a common cause of liver disease in dogs. Although d‐penicillamine can be an effective treatment, some dogs fail treatment or develop adverse effects. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) has been used to treat pathologic copper accumulation in other species, but its therapeutic potential for CAH is unknown. Objectives To investigate short‐term safety and efficacy of TTM for treatment of CAH. Animals Ten dogs with CAH. Methods Prospective study. All dogs were treated with TTM PO for 6 weeks, and hepatic biopsies were performed after the treatment course. Dog experiencing initial decreases in hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu]H) received 6 additional weeks of TTM treatment and underwent 1 additional biopsy. Physical and laboratory examinations were performed every 2 weeks for study duration. Results Eight of 10 dogs had decreases in [Cu]H. Compared to baseline (median, 1606 μg/g; range, 572‐5158 μg/g), [Cu]H were decreased at 6 weeks (1033 μg/g, 450‐2975 μg/g; P = .04) and 12 weeks (931 μg/g, 218‐1677 μg/g; P = .02). Hepatic molybdenum concentrations increased >50‐fold (P < 0.001). Changes in histologic scores and hematologic and biochemical test results were variable and not significantly different from baseline. One dog developed presumed immune‐mediated anemia and thrombocytopenia, but it was unclear if this was related to TTM administration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results suggest that TTM can effectively decrease [Cu]H in some dogs with CAH. Larger studies are needed to determine the overall safety and efficacy of TTM for treating CAH and how it compares with current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Janice R Querubin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - William D Schall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nathan C Nelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Rebecca C Smedley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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