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Kongtasai T, Paepe D, Mortier F, Marynissen S, Meyer E, Duchateau L, Daminet S. Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in clinically healthy elderly cats: Evaluation of its potential to detect IRIS stage 1 chronic kidney disease and borderline proteinuria. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:3-12. [PMID: 36418182 PMCID: PMC9856989 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) is a promising biomarker to detect early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. Few healthy cats show increased uL-FABP for unknown reasons. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate uL-FABP in a large healthy elderly cat population comparing cats with and without International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 1 CKD and with and without borderline proteinuria. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred ninety-six clinically healthy client-owned cats of ≥7 years old were subdivided based on two criteria: (1) having either IRIS stage 1 CKD or no evidence of CKD and (2) having borderline proteinuria or no proteinuria. Urinary L-FABP was measured using a validated commercially available feline L-FABP ELISA. RESULTS Overall, uL-FABP was detectable in 6/196 (3%) healthy elderly cats. For the first subdivision, nine (5%) cats had IRIS stage 1 CKD, 184 cats had no evidence CKD and three cats were excluded. All cats with IRIS stage 1 CKD had uL-FABP concentrations below the detection limit, whereas 6/184 (3%) cats without IRIS stage 1 CKD had detectable uL-FABP concentrations (median 1.79 ng/ml, range 0.79-3.66 ng/ml). For the second subdivision, 47 (24%) cats had borderline proteinuria, 147 cats had no proteinuria and two cats were excluded. One of the borderline proteinuric cats had a detectable uL-FABP concentration, whereas the other five cats with detectable uL-FABP concentrations were non-proteinuric. CONCLUSION With the current assay, the screening potential of uL-FABP as an early biomarker for feline CKD is limited as uL-FABP was rarely detected in clinically healthy elderly cats independently of the presence of either IRIS stage 1 CKD or borderline proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirawut Kongtasai
- Small Animal DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Femke Mortier
- Small Animal DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Sofie Marynissen
- Small Animal DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of PharmacologyToxicology and BiochemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of NutritionGenetics and EthologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
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Kongtasai T, Paepe D, Meyer E, Mortier F, Marynissen S, Stammeleer L, Defauw P, Daminet S. Renal biomarkers in cats: A review of the current status in chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:379-396. [PMID: 35218249 PMCID: PMC8965260 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum creatinine concentration, the classical biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, has important limitations that decrease its value as a biomarker of early CKD. Recently, serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration was introduced as a novel glomerular filtration rate biomarker for the early detection of CKD in cats. However, data on its specificity are still limited. The limitations of conventional biomarkers and the desire for early therapeutic intervention in cats with CKD to improve outcomes have prompted the discovery and validation of novel renal biomarkers to detect glomerular or tubular dysfunction. Changes in the serum or urinary concentrations of these biomarkers may indicate early kidney damage or predict the progression of kidney before changes in conventional biomarkers are detectable. This review summarizes current knowledge on renal biomarkers in CKD in cats, a field that has progressed substantially over the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirawut Kongtasai
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Femke Mortier
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Marynissen
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Stammeleer
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pieter Defauw
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists, Alton, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Spencer S, Wheeler-Jones C, Elliott J. Hypoxia and chronic kidney disease: Possible mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and relevance to cats. Vet J 2021; 274:105714. [PMID: 34252550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that kidney ischaemia/hypoxia plays an important role in feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression, as well as in human disease and laboratory animal models. Ischaemic acute kidney injury is widely accepted as a cause of CKD in people and data from laboratory species has identified some of the pathways underlying this continuum. Experimental kidney ischaemia in cats results in morphological changes, namely chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy, akin to those observed in naturally-occurring CKD. Multiple situations are envisaged that could result in acute or chronic episodes of kidney hypoxia in cats, while risk factors identified in epidemiological studies provide further support that kidney hypoxia contributes to spontaneously occurring feline CKD. This review evaluates the evidence for the role of kidney ischaemia/hypoxia in feline CKD and the proposed mechanisms and consequences of kidney hypoxia. As no effective treatments exist that substantially slow or prevent feline CKD progression, there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting kidney hypoxia is one such promising approach, with therapies including those that attenuate the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway already being utilised in human CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spencer
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Caroline Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Jonathan Elliott
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
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Watanabe A, Ohata K, Oikawa T, Sugaya T, Miyazaki M, Satoh H, Katayama M. Preliminary study of urinary excretion of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in a cat model of chronic kidney disease. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2021; 85:156-160. [PMID: 33883825 PMCID: PMC7995540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) is a clinically useful biomarker for monitoring chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. However, long-term monitoring of uL-FABP in CKD cats has not been reported. The objective of this preliminary study was to investigate whether the urinary excretion of L-FABP could predict the deterioration of renal function in 2 CKD model cats. Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) increased before standard renal biomarkers, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and symmetric dimethylarginine, in 1 cat with deteriorating renal function, but remained low and relatively stable in another cat with stable renal function. Our results suggest that uL-FABP is a potential clinical biomarker for predicting the progression of CKD in cats, as it is in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Watanabe
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University (Watanabe) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences (Miyazaki), Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicity, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine (Satoh), and Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Katayama, Watanabe), Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; CMIC Holdings, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan (Ohata, Oikawa); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan (Ohata, Sugaya)
| | - Keiichi Ohata
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University (Watanabe) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences (Miyazaki), Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicity, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine (Satoh), and Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Katayama, Watanabe), Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; CMIC Holdings, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan (Ohata, Oikawa); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan (Ohata, Sugaya)
| | - Tsuyoshi Oikawa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University (Watanabe) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences (Miyazaki), Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicity, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine (Satoh), and Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Katayama, Watanabe), Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; CMIC Holdings, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan (Ohata, Oikawa); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan (Ohata, Sugaya)
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University (Watanabe) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences (Miyazaki), Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicity, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine (Satoh), and Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Katayama, Watanabe), Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; CMIC Holdings, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan (Ohata, Oikawa); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan (Ohata, Sugaya)
| | - Masao Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University (Watanabe) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences (Miyazaki), Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicity, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine (Satoh), and Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Katayama, Watanabe), Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; CMIC Holdings, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan (Ohata, Oikawa); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan (Ohata, Sugaya)
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University (Watanabe) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences (Miyazaki), Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicity, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine (Satoh), and Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Katayama, Watanabe), Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; CMIC Holdings, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan (Ohata, Oikawa); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan (Ohata, Sugaya)
| | - Masaaki Katayama
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University (Watanabe) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences (Miyazaki), Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicity, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine (Satoh), and Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Katayama, Watanabe), Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; CMIC Holdings, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan (Ohata, Oikawa); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan (Ohata, Sugaya)
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Kongtasai T, Meyer E, Paepe D, Marynissen S, Smets P, Mortier F, Demeyere K, Vandermeulen E, Stock E, Buresova E, Defauw P, Duchateau L, Daminet S. Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in cats with chronic kidney disease and hyperthyroidism. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1376-1388. [PMID: 33723886 PMCID: PMC8162613 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are candidate biomarkers for the detection of early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. OBJECTIVE To evaluate urinary and serum L-FABP and NGAL concentrations in CKD cats and in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine (131 I) treatment. ANIMALS Nine CKD cats, 45 healthy cats and hyperthyroid cats at 3 time points including before (T0, n = 49), 1 month (T1, n = 49), and 11 to 29 months after (T2, n = 26) 131 I treatment. METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Serum L-FABP (sL-FABP), serum NGAL (sNGAL), urinary L-FABP (uL-FABP), and urinary NGAL (uNGAL) were compared between the 3 groups and between hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment. Data are reported as median (min-max). RESULTS CKD cats had significantly higher sL-FABP (13.50 [3.40-75.60] ng/ml) and uL-FABP/Cr (4.90 [0.97-2139.44] µg/g) than healthy cats (4.25 [1.34-23.25] ng/ml; P = .01 and 0.46 [0.18-9.13] µg/g; P < .001, respectively). Hyperthyroid cats at T0 had significantly higher uL-FABP/Cr (0.94 [0.15-896.00] µg/g) than healthy cats (P < .001), thereafter uL-FABP/Cr significantly decreased at T2 (0.54 [0.10-76.41] µg/g, P = .002). For the detection of CKD, uL-FABP/Cr had 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.4-100.0) sensitivity and 93.2% (95% CI, 81.3-98.6) specificity. There were no significant differences in sNGAL and uNGAL/Cr between the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE L-FABP, but not NGAL, is a potential biomarker for the detection of early CKD in cats. Utility of uL-FABP to predict azotemia after treatment in hyperthyroid cats remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Pascale Smets
- Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Femke Mortier
- Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eva Vandermeulen
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eva Buresova
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Defauw
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists, Alton, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Group, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Katayama M, Ohata K, Miyazaki T, Katayama R, Wakamatsu N, Ohno M, Yamashita T, Oikawa T, Sugaya T, Miyazaki M. Renal expression and urinary excretion of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in cats with renal disease. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:761-769. [PMID: 32087614 PMCID: PMC7096645 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (L‐FABP) is a biomarker for early detection of renal disease in humans. Liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein is cytotoxic oxidation products secreted from proximal tubules under ischemia and oxidative stress. Objective To examine renal expression and quantify urinary excretion of L‐FABP in catswith renal disease. Animals One hundred and thirty‐four client‐owned cats including 34 cats with serum creatinine (sCre) values >1.6 mg/dL and 10 other cats that died in clinics. Methods Tissue expressions of L‐FABP were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Urinary L‐FABP (uL‐FABP) and serum L‐FABP (sL‐FABP) levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Anti‐liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein antibody immunostained renal sections. Results Feline kidneys express L‐FABP. Strong L‐FABP signals were observed in the lumens of proximal tubular cells in 5 cats with high uL‐FABP excretion, but not in 5 cats with low uL‐FABP excretion. In 9 normal cats, uL‐FABP index was <1.2 μg/g urinary creatinine (uCre). High uL‐FABP indexes (>10.0 μg/g uCre) were detected in 7 of 100 cats with low sCre (<1.6 mg/dL) and 18 of 44 cats with high sCre (>1.6 mg/dL). There was a weak correlation between L‐FABP index and sCre, serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), or blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and these correlation coefficients were increased by analyzing only data of cats with sCre >1.6 mg/dL. There was a weak correlation between u L‐FABP index and sL‐FABP in all tested cats, but not in cats with high sCre. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study demonstrates correlations between L‐FABP and current renal biomarkers for chronic kidney disease in cats, such as sCre and SDMA. Liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein may be a potential biomarker to predict early pathophysiological events in feline kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Katayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Tamako Miyazaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Rieko Katayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tetsuro Yamashita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | | | | | - Masao Miyazaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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