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Das D, Jothimani G, Banerjee A, Dey A, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. A brief review on recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 173:106616. [PMID: 38992790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication within the cardiovascular system, playing essential roles in physiological homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents in rare cardiovascular diseases, such as valvular heart disease (VHD) and cardiomyopathies, remains largely unexplored. This review comprehensively emphasizes recent advancements in extracellular vesicle research, explicitly highlighting their growing significance in diagnosing and potentially treating rare cardiovascular diseases, with a particular focus on valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies. We highlight the potential of extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsies as non-invasive tools for early disease detection and risk stratification, showcasing specific extracellular vesicle-associated biomarkers (proteins, microRNAs, lipids) with diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, we discussed the therapeutic promise of extracellular vesicles derived from various sources, including stem cells and engineered extracellular vesicles, for cardiac repair and regeneration through their ability to modulate inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and reduce fibrosis. By integrating the findings and addressing critical knowledge gaps, this review aims to stimulate further research and innovation in extracellular vesicle-based diagnostics and therapeutics of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Ganesan Jothimani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Amit Dey
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India.
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2
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Wolf M, Lucina SB, Silva VBC, Silveira MF, Silva VG, Sarraff AP, Custódio CC, Sousa MG. Assessment of left and right ventricular systolic function in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 60:100858. [PMID: 38527726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial dysfunction in cardio-oncology is generally thought to be related to the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy treatment. However, it is known that some tumors have direct effects on myocardial function. These effects have already been studied in man, but there are no publications of these of the effects in dogs. Novel advanced echocardiographic techniques may allow early detection of myocardial dysfunction when compared to conventional echocardiographic techniques. This study aims to assess myocardial systolic function in dogs with multicentric lymphoma prior to initiation of chemotherapy. ANIMALS Fifteen dogs with multicentric lymphoma and nineteen healthy dogs. METHODS Case-control study. Dogs with multicentric lymphoma and healthy control dogs underwent physical examination, electrocardiography, systolic blood pressure measurement, standard and speckle tracking echocardiography to assess biventricular systolic function. RESULTS There were no differences between groups in terms of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameter, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, mitral annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change of the right ventricle (RV). However, there was a reduction in the values of global circumferential strain (p = 0.0003), RV strain (p = 0.01) and RV tissue motion annular displacement (p < 0.05) in the dogs with lymphoma when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Speckle tracking techniques appear to demonstrate early systolic dysfunction, primarily affecting the RV, in dogs with lymphoma prior to chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Wolf
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Stephany B Lucina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vinícius B C Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matheus F Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victória G Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana P Sarraff
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba campus, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marlos G Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Silver BB, Kreutz A, Weick M, Gerrish K, Tokar EJ. Biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: toward precision prevention using extracellular vesicles. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1393930. [PMID: 38706609 PMCID: PMC11066856 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1393930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Detrimental side effects of drugs like doxorubicin, which can cause cardiotoxicity, pose barriers for preventing cancer progression, or treating cancer early through molecular interception. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are valued for their potential as biomarkers of human health, chemical and molecular carcinogenesis, and therapeutics to treat disease at the cellular level. EVs are released both during normal growth and in response to toxicity and cellular death, playing key roles in cellular communication. Consequently, EVs may hold promise as precision biomarkers and therapeutics to prevent or offset damaging off-target effects of chemotherapeutics. EVs have promise as biomarkers of impending cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapies and as cardioprotective therapeutic agents. However, EVs can also mediate cardiotoxic cues, depending on the identity and past events of their parent cells. Understanding how EVs mediate signaling is critical toward implementing EVs as therapeutic agents to mitigate cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapies. For example, it remains unclear how mixtures of EV populations from cells exposed to toxins or undergoing different stages of cell death contribute to signaling across cardiac tissues. Here, we present our perspective on the outlook of EVs as future clinical tools to mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, both as biomarkers of impending cardiotoxicity and as cardioprotective agents. Also, we discuss how heterogeneous mixtures of EVs and transient exposures to toxicants may add complexity to predicting outcomes of exogenously applied EVs. Elucidating how EV cargo and signaling properties change during dynamic cellular events may aid precision prevention of cardiotoxicity in anticancer treatments and development of safer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Silver
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
- Inotiv, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Madeleine Weick
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC, United States
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4
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Boen HM, Cherubin M, Franssen C, Gevaert AB, Witvrouwen I, Bosman M, Guns PJ, Heidbuchel H, Loeys B, Alaerts M, Van Craenenbroeck EM. Circulating MicroRNA as Biomarkers of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review. JACC CardioOncol 2024; 6:183-199. [PMID: 38774014 PMCID: PMC11103047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Close monitoring for cardiotoxicity during anthracycline chemotherapy is crucial for early diagnosis and therapy guidance. Currently, monitoring relies on cardiac imaging and serial measurement of cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides. However, these conventional biomarkers are nonspecific indicators of cardiac damage. Exploring new, more specific biomarkers with a clear link to the underlying pathomechanism of cardiotoxicity holds promise for increased specificity and sensitivity in detecting early anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. miRNAs (microRNAs), small single-stranded, noncoding RNA sequences involved in epigenetic regulation, influence various physiological and pathological processes by targeting expression and translation. Emerging as new biomarker candidates, circulating miRNAs exhibit resistance to degradation and offer a direct pathomechanistic link. This review comprehensively outlines their potential as early biomarkers for cardiotoxicity and their pathomechanistic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne M. Boen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martina Cherubin
- Centrum of Medical Genetics, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Constantijn Franssen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreas B. Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Witvrouwen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthias Bosman
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Loeys
- Centrum of Medical Genetics, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maaike Alaerts
- Centrum of Medical Genetics, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Heidarpour M, Krockenberger M, Bennett P. Review of exosomes and their potential for veterinary medicine. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105141. [PMID: 38218063 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are released by almost all cell types and play a crucial role in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Exosomes, found in biological fluids (including plasma, urine, milk, semen, saliva, abdominal fluid and cervical vaginal fluid) and ranging in size from 50 to 150 nm, are critical for intercellular communication. Analysis of exosomal cargos, including micro RNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids, has been proposed as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. Exosomes can also be used as novel, cell-free, treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the role, significance and application of exosomes and their cargos in diseases of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidarpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Peter Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Xiong Y, Lou P, Xu C, Han B, Liu J, Gao J. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in veterinary practice: novel opportunities and potential challenges. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1335107. [PMID: 38332755 PMCID: PMC10850357 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1335107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanoscale vesicles that transport signals between cells, mediating both physiological and pathological processes. EVs facilitate conserved intercellular communication. By transferring bioactive molecules between cells, EVs coordinate systemic responses, regulating homeostasis, immunity, and disease progression. Given their biological importance and involvement in pathogenesis, EVs show promise as biomarkers for veterinary diagnosis, and candidates for vaccine production, and treatment agents. Additionally, different treatment or engineering methods could be used to boost the capability of extracellular vesicles. Despite the emerging veterinary interest, EV research has been predominantly human-based. Critical knowledge gaps remain regarding isolation protocols, cargo loading mechanisms, in vivo biodistribution, and species-specific functions. Standardized methods for veterinary EV characterization and validation are lacking. Regulatory uncertainties impede veterinary clinical translation. Advances in fundamental EV biology and technology are needed to propel the veterinary field forward. This review introduces EVs from a veterinary perspective by introducing the latest studies, highlighting their potential while analyzing challenges to motivate expanded veterinary investigation and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindi Xiong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Varvil MS, dos Santos AP. A review on microRNA detection and expression studies in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1261085. [PMID: 37869503 PMCID: PMC10585042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1261085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Their stability and abundance in tissue and body fluids makes them promising potential tools for both the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and attractive therapeutic targets in humans and dogs. Studies of miRNA expression in normal and disease processes in dogs are scarce compared to studies published on miRNA expression in human disease. In this literature review, we identified 461 peer-reviewed papers from database searches using the terms "canine," "dog," "miRNA," and "microRNA"; we screened 244 for inclusion criteria and then included a total of 148 original research peer-reviewed publications relating to specific miRNA expression in canine samples. We found an overlap of miRNA expression changes between the four groups evaluated (normal processes, non-infectious and non-inflammatory conditions, infectious and/or inflammatory conditions, and neoplasia) in 39 miRNAs, 83 miRNAs in three of the four groups, 110 miRNAs in two of the three groups, where 158 miRNAs have only been reported in one of the groups. Additionally, the mechanism of action of these overlapping miRNAs varies depending on the disease process, elucidating a need for characterization of the mechanism of action of each miRNA in each disease process being evaluated. Herein we also draw attention to the lack of standardization of miRNA evaluation, consistency within a single evaluation method, and the need for standardized methods for a direct comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara S. Varvil
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Andrea Pires dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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8
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Chakrabortty A, Patton DJ, Smith BF, Agarwal P. miRNAs: Potential as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1375. [PMID: 37510280 PMCID: PMC10378777 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to messenger RNAs. miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, and their dysregulation is implicated in many human and canine diseases. Most cancers tested to date have been shown to express altered miRNA levels, which indicates their potential importance in the oncogenic process. Based on this evidence, numerous miRNAs have been suggested as potential cancer biomarkers for both diagnosis and prognosis. miRNA-based therapies have also been tested in different cancers and have provided measurable clinical benefits to patients. In addition, understanding miRNA biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms in cancer can provide important knowledge about resistance to chemotherapies, leading to more personalized cancer treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the importance of miRNA in human and canine cancer research. We discussed the current state of development and potential for the miRNA as both a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atonu Chakrabortty
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Daniel J Patton
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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9
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Cardiovascular Disease as a Consequence or a Cause of Cancer: Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020321. [PMID: 36830690 PMCID: PMC9953640 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Both cardiovascular disease and cancer continue to be causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Preventing and treating heart disease in patients undergoing cancer treatment remain an important and ongoing challenge for improving the lives of cancer patients, but also for their survival. Despite ongoing efforts to improve patient survival, minimal advances have been made in the early detection of cardiovascular disease in patients suffering from cancer. Understanding the communication between cancer and cardiovascular disease can be based on a deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that define the profile of the bilateral network and establish disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The role of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, together defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs), in cross talk between cardiovascular disease and cancer is in an incipient form of research. Here, we will discuss the preclinical evidence on the bilateral connection between cancer and cardiovascular disease (especially early cardiac changes) through some specific mediators such as EVs. Investigating EV-based biomarkers and therapies may uncover the responsible mechanisms, detect the early stages of cardiovascular damage and elucidate novel therapeutic approaches. The ultimate goal is to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases by improving the standard of care in oncological patients treated with anticancer drugs or radiotherapy.
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Extracellular Vesicles in Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192716. [PMID: 36230457 PMCID: PMC9559303 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound vesicles involved in many physiological and pathological processes not only in humans but also in all the organisms of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic kingdoms. EV shedding constitutes a fundamental universal mechanism of intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom intercellular communication. A tremendous increase of interest in EVs has therefore grown in the last decades, mainly in humans, but progressively also in animals, parasites, and bacteria. With the present review, we aim to summarize the current status of the EV research on domestic and wild animals, analyzing the content of scientific literature, including approximately 220 papers published between 1984 and 2021. Critical aspects evidenced through the veterinarian EV literature are discussed. Then, specific subsections describe details regarding EVs in physiology and pathophysiology, as biomarkers, and in therapy and vaccines. Further, the wide area of research related to animal milk-derived EVs is also presented in brief. The numerous studies on EVs related to parasites and parasitic diseases are excluded, deserving further specific attention. The literature shows that EVs are becoming increasingly addressed in veterinary studies and standardization in protocols and procedures is mandatory, as in human research, to maximize the knowledge and the possibility to exploit these naturally produced nanoparticles.
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Reis-Ferreira A, Neto-Mendes J, Brás-Silva C, Lobo L, Fontes-Sousa AP. Emerging Roles of Micrornas in Veterinary Cardiology. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100533. [PMID: 36288146 PMCID: PMC9607079 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs are promising novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. These molecules are defined as a class of short-sequence non-coding RNAs that influence the expression of numerous genes. The growing understanding of cardiac biology contributed to recognising specific abnormal microRNA expression when diseases are present, which makes them potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets. Recent studies have analysed and discussed microRNA expression in cardiac diseases, such as myxomatous mitral valve disease, which are prevalent in our animal companions. This review summarises the most relevant microRNAs related to cardiovascular diseases in dogs and cats. In addition, it describes microRNA’s basic biology and function and discusses their potential as circulating biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitorisation of treatment, as well as their limitations. Although current studies describe microRNA expression in veterinary cardiology, further work is warranted before they are implemented in the clinical setting. Abstract Over the last years, the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) has increasingly been recognised. Each miRNA is a short sequence of non-coding RNA that influences countless genes’ expression and, thereby, contributes to several physiological pathways and diseases. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs participate in the development of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review synopsises the most recent studies emphasising miRNA’s influence in several CVDs affecting dogs and cats. It provides a concise outline of miRNA’s biology and function, the diagnostic potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers, and their role in different CVDs. It also discusses known and future roles for miRNAs as potential clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets. So, this review gives a comprehensive outline of the most relevant miRNAs related to CVDs in Veterinary Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis-Ferreira
- Hospital Veterinário do Porto, Travessa Silva Porto 174, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Neto-Mendes
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lobo
- Hospital Veterinário do Porto, Travessa Silva Porto 174, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4480-009 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UPVET, Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 132, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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12
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Understanding the Protective Role of Exosomes in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2852251. [PMID: 36132225 PMCID: PMC9484956 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2852251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a class of effective chemotherapeutic agents widely used in clinical practice. However, its use has been limited by cardiotoxicity. The mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is complex, involving oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, inflammation, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis, senescence, etc. Exosomes (EXOs), as extracellular vesicles (EVs), play an important role in the material exchange and signal transmission between cells by carrying components such as proteins and RNAs. More recently, there has been a growing number of publications focusing on the protective effect of EXOs on DIC. Here, this review summarized the main mechanisms of DIC, discussed the mechanism of EXOs in the treatment of DIC, and further explored the value of EXOs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for DIC.
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13
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Sun W, Xu J, Wang L, Jiang Y, Cui J, Su X, Yang F, Tian L, Si Z, Xing Y. Non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and treatments. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:946137. [PMID: 36082126 PMCID: PMC9445363 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.946137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of ongoing breakthroughs in cancer therapy, cancer patients' survival rates have grown considerably. However, cardiotoxicity has emerged as the most dangerous toxic side effect of cancer treatment, negatively impacting cancer patients' prognosis. In recent years, the link between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity has received much attention and investigation. NcRNAs are non-protein-coding RNAs that impact gene expression post-transcriptionally. They include microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). In several cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy-induced cardiotoxicity, ncRNAs play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiotoxicity. This review focuses on the mechanisms of ncRNAs in cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity, including apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, autophagy, aging, calcium homeostasis, vascular homeostasis, and fibrosis. In addition, this review explores potential ncRNAs-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, which may help to convert ncRNAs research into clinical practice in the future for early detection and improvement of cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juping Xu
- The Second People's Hospital of Jiaozuo, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrun Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Si
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
- Zeyu Si
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanwei Xing
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Yu Y, Guo D, Zhao L. MiR-199 Aggravates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Targeting TAF9b. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4364779. [PMID: 35873641 PMCID: PMC9307339 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4364779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited because of its cardiotoxicity. However, the pathogenic mechanism of DOX and the role of miRNA in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remain to be further studied. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-199 in DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity. A mouse model of myocardial cell injury induced by DOX was established. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression changes of miR-199 and TATA-binding protein associated factor 9B (TAF9b) in DOX-induced cardiac injury. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, namely, Bax and Bcl-2, were detected by qPCR. The expression of Beclin-1 and LC3b was detected by western blotting. The binding effect of miR-199 with TAF9b was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. In this study, overexpression of miR-199 could promote cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of miR-199 could alleviate DOX-mediated myocardial injury. Further studies showed that miR-199 targeted TAF9b. Moreover, miR-199 promoted apoptosis of myocardial cells and aggravated autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TAF9B knockdown reversed the myocardial protective effect of miR-199 inhibitors. Therefore, miR-199 promoted DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity by targeting TAF9b, thereby aggravating apoptosis and regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Degang Guo
- Emergency Department, Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Sunshine Union Hospital of Weifang, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
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15
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MiRNAs and circRNAs for the Diagnosis of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071059. [PMID: 35887556 PMCID: PMC9315470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent type of female cancer with increasing incidence in recent years. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an important backbone chemotherapy in BC, responsible for cardiotoxicity (CTX) in about 9% of treated women within the first year. Biomarkers of early CTX diagnosis are essential to avoid complicated DOX-related cardiac diseases. Traditional serum biomarkers are either poorly sensitive with transient elevation, and even absent if investigated outside their diagnostic window, or arise only in late-stage CTX. Emerging biomarkers such as non-coding RNA (ncRNA) have been recently investigated in DOX-related CTX. In our review, we revised the role of microRNAs, the most studied type of ncRNA, both in animal and human models, highlighting the interesting but often contrasting results. Moreover, we reviewed a novel class of ncRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), focusing on their modulatory mechanisms also involving microRNAs. MicroRNA and circRNA are players in a wide homeostatic balance with their perturbation representing a possible compensation for DOX damage. Further studies are required to assess the modalities of early detection of their variation in BC patients suffering from heart disease induced by DOX treatment.
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Circ-LTBP1 is involved in doxorubicin-induced intracellular toxicity in cardiomyocytes via miR-107/ADCY1 signal. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1127-1138. [PMID: 35076816 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum and anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent, cardiotoxicity limits its clinical application. Therefore, it is meant to prevent the clinical side effects of DOX. Human cardiomyocyte-like AC16 cells were treated with DOX to induce intracellular toxicity. AC16 cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit 8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays. The tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 abundances were quantified by matched kits. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the protein expression levels in AC16 cells. Oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde production. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to assess the expression levels of circ-latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein-1 (circ-LTBP1), microRNA-107 (miR-107), and Adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) expression in AC16 cells. The interaction relationship among circ-LTBP1, miR-107, and ADCY1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. As a result, treatment with DOX induced the proliferation inhibition, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in AC16 cells, which were rescued by circ-LTBP1 inhibition or miR-107 upregulation. MiR-107 was confirmed as a target of circ-LTBP1, and inhibition of circ-LTBP1-mediated effects on DOX-stimulated cells were abolished by downregulation of miR-107. Circ-LTBP1 mediated ADCY1 expression by sponging miR-107 in AC16 cells. The upregulation of miR-107 increased cell proliferation and inhibited inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in DOX-stimulated cells through downregulation of ADCY1. Circ-LTBP1 was found to enhance DOX-induced effects on proliferation inhibition, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in AC16 cells through competitively sponging miR-107 and elevating ADCY1.
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Diomaiuto E, Principe V, De Luca A, Laperuta F, Alterisio C, Di Loria A. Exosomes in Dogs and Cats: An Innovative Approach to Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080766. [PMID: 34451863 PMCID: PMC8400600 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter between 40 and 120 nm, which are derived from all types of cells and released into all biological fluids, such as blood plasma, serum, urine, breast milk, colostrum, and more. They contain proteins, nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, other non-coding RNA, and DNA), and lipids. Exosomes represent a potentially accurate footprint of the miRNA profile of the parental cell and can therefore be proposed as potential and sensitive biomarkers, both in diagnosing and monitoring a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Liquid biopsy offers itself as a non-invasive or minimally invasive, pain-free, time-saving alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. Exosomes in both human and veterinary medicine find their major application in neoplastic diseases, but applications in the field of veterinary cardiology, nephrology, reproduction, parasitology, and regenerative medicine are currently being explored. Exosomes can therefore be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and, in some cases, therapeutic tools for several conditions. The aim of this review was to assess the current applications of exosomes in veterinary medicine, particularly in dog and cat patients.
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Sui G, Jia L, Song N, Min D, Chen S, Wu Y, Yang G. Aberrant expression of HDL-bound microRNA induced by a high-fat diet in a pig model: implications in the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:280. [PMID: 34090327 PMCID: PMC8180175 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-fat diet can affect lipid metabolism and trigger cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of studies has revealed the HDL-bound miRNA profiles in familial hypercholesterolaemia; in sharp contrast, relevant studies on high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia are lacking. In the current study, HDL-bound miRNAs altered by a high-fat diet were explored to offer some clues for elucidating their effects on the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia. METHODS Six pigs were randomly divided into two groups of three pigs each, namely, the high-fat diet and the balanced diet groups, which were fed a high-fat diet and balanced diet separately for six months. HDL was separated from plasma, which was followed by dissociation of the miRNA bound to HDL. miRNA sequencing of the isolated miRNA was performed to identify the differential expression profiles between the two groups, which was validated by real-time PCR. TargetScan, miRDB, and miRWalk were used for the prediction of genes targeted by the differential miRNAs. RESULTS Compared with the balanced diet group, the high-fat diet group had significantly higher levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C at six months. miRNA sequencing revealed 6 upregulated and 14 downregulated HDL-bound miRNAs in the high-fat diet group compared to the balanced diet group, which was validated by real-time PCR. GO enrichment analysis showed that dysregulated miRNAs in the high-fat diet group were associated with the positive regulation of lipid metabolic processes, positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic processes, and positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction. Insulin resistance and the Ras signalling pathway were enriched in the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. CONCLUSIONS Twenty HDL-bound miRNAs are significantly dysregulated in high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia. This study presents an analysis of a new set of HDL-bound miRNAs that are altered by a high-fat diet and offers some valuable clues for novel mechanistic insights into high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia. Further functional verification study using a larger sample size will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Min
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Tian C, Yang Y, Bai B, Wang S, Liu M, Sun RC, Yu T, Chu XM. Potential of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1328-1338. [PMID: 33867849 PMCID: PMC8040474 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a kind of representative anthracyclines. It has greatly prolonged lifespan of cancer patients. However, a long course of DOX chemotherapy could induce various forms of deaths of cardiomyocytes, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, contributing to varieties of cardiac complications called cardiotoxicity. It has become a major concern considering the large number of cancer patients' worldwide and increased survival rates after chemotherapy. Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by nearly all cells and consist of lipid bilayers, nucleic acids and proteins. They can serve as mediators between intercellular communication via the transfer of bioactive molecules from secretory to recipient cells, modulating multiple pathophysiological processes. It has been proven that exosomes in body fluids can serve as biomarkers for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Moreover, exosomes have attracted considerable attention because of their capacity as carriers of certain proteins, genetic materials (miRNA and lncRNA), and chemotherapeutic drugs to decrease the dosage of DOX and alleviate cardiotoxicity. This review briefly describes the characteristics of exosomes and highlights their clinical application potential as diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles for DIC, thus providing a strategy for addressing it based on exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Baochen Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Rui-Cong Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266032, China
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20
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Beaumier A, Robinson SR, Robinson N, Lopez KE, Meola DM, Barber LG, Bulmer BJ, Calvalido J, Rush JE, Yeri A, Das S, Yang VK. Extracellular vesicular microRNAs as potential biomarker for early detection of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1260-1271. [PMID: 32255536 PMCID: PMC7255649 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long‐term use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by cumulative dose‐dependent cardiotoxicity. Objectives Identify plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)‐associated microRNAs (miRNAs) as a biomarker for cardiotoxicity in dogs by correlating changes with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations and, echocardiographic and histologic findings. Animals Prospective study of 9 client‐owned dogs diagnosed with sarcoma and receiving DOX single‐agent chemotherapy (total of 5 DOX treatments). Dogs with clinically relevant metastatic disease, preexisting heart disease, or breeds predisposed to cardiomyopathy were excluded. Methods Serum concentration of cTnI was monitored before each treatment and 1 month after the treatment completion. Echocardiography was performed before treatments 1, 3, 5, and 1 month after completion. The EV‐miRNA was isolated and sequenced before treatments 1 and 3, and 1 month after completion. Results Linear mixed model analysis for repeated measurements was used to evaluate the effect of DOX. The miR‐107 (P = .03) and miR‐146a (P = .02) were significantly downregulated whereas miR‐502 (P = .02) was upregulated. Changes in miR‐502 were significant before administration of the third chemotherapeutic dose. When stratifying miRNA expression for change in left ventricular ejection fraction, upregulation of miR‐181d was noted (P = .01). Serum concentration of cTnI changed significantly but only 1 month after treatment completion, and concentrations correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular internal dimension in diastole. Conclusion and Clinical Significance Downregulation of miR‐502 was detected before significant changes in cTnI concentrations or echocardiographic parameters. Further validation using a larger sample size will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Beaumier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sally R Robinson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine E Lopez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dawn M Meola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa G Barber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barret J Bulmer
- Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment & Specialties, Walpole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome Calvalido
- Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment & Specialties, Walpole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John E Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicky K Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
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