1
|
Raisis A, Mosing M, Sacks M, Hosgood G, Schramel J, Blumer S, Böhm SH. Breath-by-breath assessment of acute pulmonary edema using electrical impedance tomography, spirometry and volumetric capnography in a sheep ( Ovis Aries) model. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1402748. [PMID: 39051008 PMCID: PMC11267825 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1402748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The bedside diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema is challenging. This study evaluated the breath-by-breath information from electrical impedance tomography (EIT), respiratory mechanics and volumetric capnography (VCap) to assess acute pulmonary edema induced by xylazine administration in anesthetized sheep. Objective To determine the ability and efficiency of each monitoring modality in detecting changes in lung function associated with onset of pulmonary edema. Methods Twenty healthy ewes were anesthetized, positioned in sternal (prone) recumbency and instrumented. Synchronized recordings of EIT, spirometry and VCap were performed for 60 s prior to start of injection, during xylazine injection over 60 s (0-60 s) and continuously for 1 min (60-120 s) after the end of injection. After visual assessment of the recorded mean variables, statistical analysis was performed using a mixed effect model for repeated measures with Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons, to determine at which breath after start of injection the variable was significantly different from baseline. A significant change over time was defined as an adjusted p < 0.05. All statistics were performed using GraphPad Prism 0.1.0. Results Electrical impedance tomography showed significant changes from baseline in all but two variables. These changes were observed simultaneously during xylazine injection at 48 s and were consistent with development of edema in dependent lung (decreased end-expiratory lung impedance, ventilation in centro-ventral and ventral lung region) and shift of ventilation into non-dependent lung (decreased non-dependent silent spaces and increased center of ventilation ventral to dorsal and increased ventilation in centro-dorsal and dorsal lung region). All changes in lung mechanics also occurred during injection, including decreased dynamic respiratory system compliance and increased peak expiratory flow, peak inspiratory pressure and airway resistance at 48, 54 and 60 s, respectively. Changes in VCap variables were delayed with all occurring after completion of the injection. Conclusion In this model of pulmonary edema, EIT detected significant and rapid change in all assessed variables of lung function with changes in regional ventilation indicative of pulmonary edema. Volumetric capnography complemented the EIT findings, while respiratory mechanics were not specific to lung edema. Thus, EIT offers the most comprehensive method for pulmonary edema evaluation, including the assessment of ventilation distribution, thereby enhancing diagnostic capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Raisis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Martina Mosing
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muriel Sacks
- Department of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Johannes Schramel
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Blumer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Stephan H. Böhm
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Byrne DP, Studer N, Secombe C, Cieslewicz A, Hosgood G, Raisis A, Adler A, Mosing M. Validation of three-dimensional thoracic electrical impedance tomography of horses during normal and increased tidal volumes. Physiol Meas 2024; 45:035010. [PMID: 38422515 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ad2eb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Data from two-plane electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can be reconstructed into various slices of functional lung images, allowing for more complete visualisation and assessment of lung physiology in health and disease. The aim of this study was to confirm the ability of 3D EIT to visualise normal lung anatomy and physiology at rest and during increased ventilation (represented by rebreathing).Approach. Two-plane EIT data, using two electrode planes 20 cm apart, were collected in 20 standing sedate horses at baseline (resting) conditions, and during rebreathing. EIT data were reconstructed into 3D EIT whereby tidal impedance variation (TIV), ventilated area, and right-left and ventral-dorsal centres of ventilation (CoVRLand CoVVD, respectively) were calculated in cranial, middle and caudal slices of lung, from data collected using the two planes of electrodes.Main results. There was a significant interaction of time and slice for TIV (p< 0.0001) with TIV increasing during rebreathing in both caudal and middle slices. The ratio of right to left ventilated area was higher in the cranial slice, in comparison to the caudal slice (p= 0.0002). There were significant effects of time and slice on CoVVDwhereby the cranial slice was more ventrally distributed than the caudal slice (p< 0.0009 for the interaction).Significance. The distribution of ventilation in the three slices corresponds with topographical anatomy of the equine lung. This study confirms that 3D EIT can accurately represent lung anatomy and changes in ventilation distribution during rebreathing in standing sedate horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Byrne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Cristy Secombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Giselle Hosgood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthea Raisis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andy Adler
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottowa, ON, Canada
| | - Martina Mosing
- Anaesthesia and Perioperative Intensive Care, Department of Companion Animals and Horses Vetmeduni, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brabant O, Karpievitch YV, Gwatimba A, Ditcham W, Ho HY, Raisis A, Mosing M. Thoracic electrical impedance tomography identifies heterogeneity in lungs associated with respiratory disease in cattle. A pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1275013. [PMID: 38239750 PMCID: PMC10795053 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1275013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disease in cattle is a significant global concern, yet current diagnostic methods are limited, and there is a lack of crush-side tests for detecting active disease. To address this gap, we propose utilizing electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a non-invasive imaging technique that provides real-time visualization of lung ventilation dynamics. The study included adult cattle from farms in Western Australia. The cattle were restrained in a crush. A standardized respiratory scoring system, which combined visual, auscultation, and clinical scores, was conducted by two non-conferring clinicians for each animal. The scores were blinded and averaged. During assessment, an EIT electrode belt was placed around the thorax. EIT recordings of ten suitable breaths were taken for analysis before the cattle were released back to the herd. Based on the combined examination scoring, the cattle were categorized as having healthy or diseased lungs. To allow visual interpretation of each breath and enable the creation of the quartile ventilation ratio (VQR), Flow/Tidal Impedance Variation curves (F/TIV) were generated for each breath. The analysis focused on two EIT variables: The novel VQR over time during inhalation and exhalation and global expiratory impedance (TIVEXP) adjusted by breath length. A mixed effects model was used to compare these variables between healthy and diseased cattle. Ten adult cattle of mixed ages were used in the current analysis. Five cattle were scored as healthy and five as diseased. There was a significant difference in the examination scores between the healthy and diseased group (P = 0.03). A significant difference in VQR during inhalation (P = 0.03) was observed between the healthy and diseased groups. No difference was seen in VQR over time during exhalation (P = 0.3). The TIVEXP was not different between groups (P = 0.36). In this study, EIT was able to detect differences in inhalation mechanics when comparing healthy and diseased cattle as defined via clinical examination, highlighting the clinical utility of EIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Brabant
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuliya V. Karpievitch
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alphons Gwatimba
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Ditcham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ho Yin Ho
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthea Raisis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martina Mosing
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Byrne DP, Keeshan B, Hosgood G, Adler A, Mosing M. Comparison of electrical impedance tomography and spirometry-based measures of airflow in healthy adult horses. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1164646. [PMID: 37476683 PMCID: PMC10354512 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1164646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for evaluating lung function. The objective of this study was to compare respiratory flow variables calculated from thoracic EIT measurements with corresponding spirometry variables. Ten healthy research horses were sedated and instrumented with spirometry via facemask and a single-plane EIT electrode belt around the thorax. Horses were exposed to sequentially increasing volumes of apparatus dead space between 1,000 and 8,500 mL, in 5-7 steps, to induce carbon dioxide rebreathing, until clinical hyperpnea or a tidal volume of 150% baseline was reached. A 2-min stabilization period followed by 2 minutes of data collection occurred at each timepoint. Peak inspiratory and expiratory flow, inspiratory and expiratory time, and expiratory nadir flow, defined as the lowest expiratory flow between the deceleration of flow of the first passive phase of expiration and the acceleration of flow of the second active phase of expiration were evaluated with EIT and spirometry. Breathing pattern was assessed based on the total impedance curve. Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the agreement where perfect agreement was indicated by a ratio of EIT:spirometry of 1.0. The mean ratio (bias; expressed as a percentage difference from perfect agreement) and the 95% confidence interval of the bias are reported. There was good agreement between EIT-derived and spirometry-derived peak inspiratory [-15% (-46-32)] and expiratory [10% (-32-20)] flows and inspiratory [-6% (-25-18)] and expiratory [5% (-9-20)] times. Agreement for nadir flows was poor [-22% (-87-369)]. Sedated horses intermittently exhibited Cheyne-Stokes variant respiration, and a breath pattern with incomplete expiration in between breaths (crown-like breaths). Electrical impedance tomography can quantify airflow changes over increasing tidal volumes and changing breathing pattern when compared with spirometry in standing sedated horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Byrne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Keeshan
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andy Adler
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martina Mosing
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sacks M, Raidal S, Catanchin CSM, Hosgood G, Mosing M. Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1075791. [PMID: 36713868 PMCID: PMC9880457 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1075791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the distribution of ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), in foals under varying clinical conditions of sedation, postural changes, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). To support the interpretation of EIT variables, specific spirometry data and F-shunt calculation were also assessed. Materials and methods Six healthy Thoroughbred foals were recruited for this sequential experimental study. EIT and spirometry data was recorded: (1) before and after diazepam-sedation, (2) after moving from standing to right lateral recumbency, (3) in dorsal recumbency during no CPAP (CPAP0) and increasing levels of CPAP of 4, 7, and 10 cmH2O (CPAP4, 7, 10, respectively). Ventral to dorsal (COVVD) and right to left (COVRL) center of ventilation, silent spaces, tidal impedance variation, regional ventilation distribution variables and right to left lung ventilation ratio (R:L) were extracted. Minute ventilation was calculated from tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate. F-Shunt was calculated from results of arterial blood gas analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models (significance determined at p < 0.05). Results (1) Respiratory rate was lower after sedation (p = 0.0004). (2) In right lateral recumbency (compared to standing), the COVVD (p = 0.0012), COVRL (p = 0.0057), left centro-dorsal (p = 0.0071) and dorsal (p < 0.0001) regional ventilation were higher, while the right ventral (p = 0.0016) and dorsal (p = 0.0145) regional ventilation, and R:L (p = 0.0017) were lower. (3) Data of two foals for CPAP10 was excluded from statistical analysis due to prolonged apnea. Stepwise increase of CPAP led to increases of COVVD (p = 0.0028) and VT (p = 0.0011). A reduction of respiratory rate was detected with increasing CPAP levels (p < 0.0001). Conclusions (1) In healthy foals, diazepam administration did not alter distribution of ventilation or minute ventilation, (2) lateral recumbency results in collapse of dependent areas of the lung, and (3) the use of CPAP in dorsal recumbency at increasing pressures improves ventilation in dependent regions, suggesting improvement of ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Sacks
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: Muriel Sacks ✉
| | - Sharanne Raidal
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Chee Sum Melanie Catanchin
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martina Mosing
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brabant O, Loroesch S, Adler A, Waldmann AD, Raisis A, Mosing M. Performance evaluation of electrode design and material for a large animal electrical impedance tomography belt. Vet Rec 2022; 191:e2184. [PMID: 36197754 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) produces lung ventilation images via a thoracic electrode belt. Robust electrode design and material, providing low electrode skin contact impedance (SCI), is needed in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to compare three EIT electrode designs and materials. METHODS Simulations of cylindrical, rectangular and spiked electrode designs were used to evaluate electrode SCI as a function of electrode size, where skin contact was uneven. Gold-plated washers (EGW ), zinc-plated rivets (EZR ) and zinc-galvanised spikes (EZS ) were assigned randomly on two interconnected EIT belts. Gel was applied to the cranial or caudal belt and placed on 17 standing cattle. SCI was recorded at baseline and 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 minutes later. RESULTS Simulations that involved electrodes with a greater skin contact area had lower and more uniform SCI. In cattle, SCI decreased with all electrodes over time (p < 0.01). Without gel, no difference was found between EGW and EZS , while SCI was higher for EZR (p < 0.03). With gel, SCI was lower in EGW and EZR (p < 0.026), with the SCI in EGW being the lowest (p < 0.01). LIMITATIONS Low numbers of animals and static electrode position may affect SCI. CONCLUSIONS Electrode design is important for EIT measurement, with larger electrode designs able to compensate for the use of less conductive materials. Gel is not necessary to achieve acceptable SCI in large animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Brabant
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Loroesch
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andy Adler
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas D Waldmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anthea Raisis
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martina Mosing
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pittman E, Martin-Flores M, Mosing M, Lorenzutti M, Retamal J, Staffieri F, Adler A, Campbell M, Araos J. Preliminary evaluation of the effects of a 1:1 inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio in anesthetized and ventilated horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2022; 49:645-649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
8
|
Brabant OA, Byrne DP, Sacks M, Moreno Martinez F, Raisis AL, Araos JB, Waldmann AD, Schramel JP, Ambrosio A, Hosgood G, Braun C, Auer U, Bleul U, Herteman N, Secombe CJ, Schoster A, Soares J, Beazley S, Meira C, Adler A, Mosing M. Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomography-The 2022 Veterinary Consensus Statement. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:946911. [PMID: 35937293 PMCID: PMC9354895 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.946911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive real-time non-ionising imaging modality that has many applications. Since the first recorded use in 1978, the technology has become more widely used especially in human adult and neonatal critical care monitoring. Recently, there has been an increase in research on thoracic EIT in veterinary medicine. Real-time imaging of the thorax allows evaluation of ventilation distribution in anesthetised and conscious animals. As the technology becomes recognised in the veterinary community there is a need to standardize approaches to data collection, analysis, interpretation and nomenclature, ensuring comparison and repeatability between researchers and studies. A group of nineteen veterinarians and two biomedical engineers experienced in veterinary EIT were consulted and contributed to the preparation of this statement. The aim of this consensus is to provide an introduction to this imaging modality, to highlight clinical relevance and to include recommendations on how to effectively use thoracic EIT in veterinary species. Based on this, the consensus statement aims to address the need for a streamlined approach to veterinary thoracic EIT and includes: an introduction to the use of EIT in veterinary species, the technical background to creation of the functional images, a consensus from all contributing authors on the practical application and use of the technology, descriptions and interpretation of current available variables including appropriate statistical analysis, nomenclature recommended for consistency and future developments in thoracic EIT. The information provided in this consensus statement may benefit researchers and clinicians working within the field of veterinary thoracic EIT. We endeavor to inform future users of the benefits of this imaging modality and provide opportunities to further explore applications of this technology with regards to perfusion imaging and pathology diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Brabant
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David P. Byrne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Muriel Sacks
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Anthea L. Raisis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joaquin B. Araos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Andreas D. Waldmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes P. Schramel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aline Ambrosio
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christina Braun
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Auer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Bleul
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Herteman
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristy J. Secombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Angelika Schoster
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joao Soares
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shannon Beazley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carolina Meira
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andy Adler
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martina Mosing
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shnaiderman‐Torban A, Steinman A, Abu Ahmad W, Kushnir Y, Abells Sutton G, Epstein A, Kelmer G. Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for post‐anaesthetic pulmonary oedema in horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Shnaiderman‐Torban
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Amir Steinman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Wiessam Abu Ahmad
- Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yishai Kushnir
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Gila Abells Sutton
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Ana Epstein
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Gal Kelmer
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moreno-Martinez F, Byrne D, Raisis A, Waldmann AD, Hosgood G, Mosing M. Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:895268. [PMID: 35836499 PMCID: PMC9275410 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.895268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine respiratory physiology might be influenced by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). This experimental, randomized cross-over study aimed to compare breathing pattern (BrP) and ventilation distribution in anesthetized horses spontaneously breathing room air via ETT or facemask (MASK). Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA; xylazine, ketamine, guaiphenesin), breathing spontaneously in right lateral recumbency, and randomly assigned to ETT or MASK for 30 min, followed by the other treatment for an additional 30 min. During a second anesthesia 1 month later, the treatment order was inversed. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) using a thoracic electrode belt, spirometry, volumetric capnography, esophageal pressure difference (ΔPoes), venous admixture, and laryngoscopy data were recorded over 2 min every 15 min. Breaths were classified as normal or alternate (sigh or crown-like) according to the EIT impedance curve. A mixed linear model was used to test the effect of treatment on continuous outcomes. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis was used to test for associations between global BrP and treatment. Global BrP was associated with treatment (p = 0.012) with more alternate breaths during ETT. The center of ventilation right-to-left (CoVRL) showed more ventilation in the non-dependent lung during ETT (p = 0.025). The I:E ratio (p = 0.017) and ΔPoes (p < 0.001) were smaller, and peak expiratory flow (p = 0.009) and physiologic dead space (p = 0.034) were larger with ETT. The presence of an ETT alters BrP and shifts ventilation toward the non-dependent lung in spontaneously breathing horses anesthetized with TIVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Moreno-Martinez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Fernando Moreno-Martinez
| | - David Byrne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthea Raisis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andreas D. Waldmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martina Mosing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bleul U, Wey C, Meira C, Waldmann A, Mosing M. Assessment of Postnatal Pulmonary Adaption in Bovine Neonates Using Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3216. [PMID: 34827949 PMCID: PMC8614262 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several aspects of postnatal pulmonary adaption in the bovine neonate remain unclear, particularly the dynamics and regional ventilation of the lungs. We used electric impedance tomography (EIT) to measure changes in ventilation in the first 3 weeks of life in 20 non-sedated neonatal calves born without difficulty in sternal recumbency. Arterial blood gas variables were determined in the first 24 h after birth. Immediately after birth, dorsal parts of the lungs had 4.53% ± 2.82% nondependent silent spaces (NSS), and ventral parts had 5.23% ± 2.66% dependent silent spaces (DSS). The latter increased in the first hour, presumably because of gravity-driven ventral movement of residual amniotic fluid. The remaining lung regions had good ventilation immediately after birth, and the percentage of lung regions with high ventilation increased significantly during the study period. The centre of ventilation was always dorsal to and on the right of the theoretical centre of ventilation. The right lung was responsible for a significantly larger proportion of ventilation (63.84% ± 12.74%, p < 0.00001) compared with the left lung. In the right lung, the centrodorsal lung area was the most ventilated, whereas, in the left lung, it was the centroventral area. Tidal impedance changes, serving as a surrogate for tidal volume, increased in the first 3 weeks of life (p < 0.00001). This study shows the dynamic changes in lung ventilation in the bovine neonate according to EIT measurements. The findings form a basis for the recognition of structural and functional lung disorders in neonatal calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Bleul
- Department of Farm Animals, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Corina Wey
- Department of Farm Animals, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Carolina Meira
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Andreas Waldmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 39071 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Martina Mosing
- Department of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|