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Hagman R, Klemming C, Bengtsdotter E, Södersten F, Wang L, Wernersson S. KC-like chemokine as a biomarker of sepsis in dogs with pyometra. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:411. [PMID: 39272157 PMCID: PMC11395178 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, defined as a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection inducing organ dysfunction, is a common cause of mortality in both humans and animals. Early detection and treatment is essential for survival, but accurate diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers for sepsis. This study explored the potential of the keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like protein in dogs as a biomarker of sepsis in dogs with bacterial uterine infection (pyometra). The aim was to compare KC-like concentrations in dogs with pyometra with or without sepsis and to assess associations between KC-like and clinical variables, including days of hospitalization as an outcome. RESULTS A mouse KC ELISA was validated and used to determine the concentrations of KC-like in serum from 34 dogs with pyometra and 18 healthy controls. Dogs with pyometra were classified as having sepsis based on two different criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), resulting in 74% and 30% sepsis-positive, respectively. The concentration of KC-like protein was higher in pyometra dogs with sepsis than in pyometra dogs without sepsis (p < 0.05) and in healthy controls (p < 0.0001) when using either of the two SIRS criteria. Moreover, KC-like was slightly increased in dogs with pyometra without sepsis compared with healthy controls when using the more stringent SIRS criteria (p < 0.05). Analyses of all dogs showed that KC-like concentrations correlated positively with hospitalization days, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, white blood cells, and percentage of band neutrophils; however, KC-like correlated negatively with hemoglobin and did not correlate with circulating creatinine. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that circulating KC-like protein increases in dogs with sepsis in pyometra and that KC-like is associated with more severe clinical illness. These findings support a potential role of KC-like as a biomarker of sepsis; however, the true identity of KC-like in dogs has yet to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Caroline Klemming
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Emma Bengtsdotter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Ulls väg 3, Uppsala, 75189, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Södersten
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
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Kambayashi S, Ono N, Tone T, Baba K, Okuda M. Plasma cell-free DNA in canine lymphoma patients as a novel material for genotyping. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:303-309. [PMID: 38287199 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Canine lymphoma is a disease with high morbidity and poor long-term prognosis, despite a high response rate to chemotherapy. In this study, we focused on liquid biopsy, in which small amounts of substances from body fluids were analysed, to determine whether cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the plasma can be used as a biomarker for lymphoma in dogs. We found that 23 patients with lymphoma had significantly higher cfDNA concentrations than the 12 healthy dogs (median 2360 ng/mL versus 299 ng/mL, p < .0001). Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) was also employed using cfDNA from the lymphoma group to investigate whether cfDNA could be used for the detection of genetic clonality of lymphomas, as well as the genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from an original lesion in each case. The correlation of the PARR results between cfDNA and gDNA was observed in 100% of B-cell lymphomas (10/10), 77.8% of T-cell lymphomas (7/9), and 100% of other types of lymphomas (4/4), respectively. These results indicate that plasma cfDNA levels are increasing in canine lymphoma patients, that cfDNA concentration can be a novel diagnostic tool, and that it can be used as a diagnostic tool for PARR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kambayashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nanae Ono
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tone
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kenji Baba
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masaru Okuda
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Chwala M, Hartmann F, Waller K, Dusick A, Viviano K. Change over time and agreement between clinical markers of disease resolution in dogs with aspiration-induced lung injury. Vet Rec 2023; 192:e2280. [PMID: 36251171 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus regarding which markers of disease resolution to prioritise when assessing treatment response in client-owned dogs with aspiration-induced lung injury. This study describes the change over time and the agreement between the clinical markers used to determine disease resolution. METHODS Physical examination (PE), owner-reported clinical signs (CS-O), thoracic radiographs (TXR) scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined at enrolment, after 24, 48 and 72 hours, and after 7, 14 and 28 days. RESULTS PE scores were significantly improved at 48 hours, while CRP initially increased (24 hours) and then decreased (48 hours). PE, CS-O and CRP significantly improved earlier (7 days) than TXR (14 days). The median number of days to marker normalisation was 7, 9 and 14 for PE, CRP and CS-O, respectively. Marker agreement was excellent/very good at enrolment and fair/poor during disease recovery. LIMITATIONS Analysis did not control for differences aetiology of aspiration or the lack of standardisation in treatment approach. CONCLUSIONS PE was the earliest and most consistent marker indicating disease resolution. Serial CRP monitoring (72 hours) may provide an objective marker of early treatment response. Alongside PE normalisation, improvement in CS-O, CRP and TRX may assist in determining disease resolution and guide treatments, including limiting antibiotic exposure in dogs with aspiration-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faye Hartmann
- UW Veterinary Care, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth Waller
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allison Dusick
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katrina Viviano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Rompf J, Hettlich B, Lutz B, Marti E, Mirkovitch J, Peters L, Adamik KN, Schüpbach-Regula G, Willi B, Schuller S. Plasma procalcitonin kinetics in healthy dogs and dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36898678 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procalcitonin (PCT) is a well-established biomarker for bacterial infection in human patients. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the kinetics of plasma PCT (pPCT) in healthy dogs and dogs with canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). METHODS This prospective, longitudinal study included 15 healthy dogs and 25 dogs undergoing TPLO. Hematology, pPCT, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed on 3 consecutive days in healthy dogs and 1 day preoperatively and days 1, 2, 10, and 56 postoperatively. Inter- and intraindividual variability of pPCT were assessed in healthy dogs. Median pPCT concentrations of dogs with CCL rupture preoperatively were compared with healthy controls, and median pPCT concentrations, as well as percentage change post anesthesia, arthroscopy, and TPLO, were compared with baseline. For the correlation analysis, the Spearman rank correlation test was used. RESULTS Inter- and intraindividual variabilities of pPCT in healthy dogs were 36% and 15%, respectively. Median baseline pPCT concentrations were not significantly different between healthy dogs (118.9 pg/mL; IQR: 75.3-157.3 pg/mL) and dogs undergoing TPLO (95.9 pg/mL; IQR: 63.8-117.0 pg/mL). Plasma PCT concentrations were significantly lower immediately post- than preoperatively (P < 0.001). CRP, WBC, and neutrophil concentrations increased significantly on post-OP day 2 and had normalized by day 10. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CCL rupture, as well as anesthesia, arthroscopy, and TPLO combined, are not associated with increased pPCT concentrations in dogs with uncomplicated recovery. Considering the high intraindividual variability, individual serial measurements rather than a population-based reference interval should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rompf
- Division of Small Animal Internal medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Hettlich
- Surgery Division, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bérénice Lutz
- Division of Small Animal Internal medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Mirkovitch
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Barbara Willi
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuller
- Division of Small Animal Internal medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Uetsu Y, Houston D, Bailey C, Kilpatrick S. Association of the origin of contamination and species of microorganisms with short-term survival in dogs with septic peritonitis. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:83-89. [PMID: 36424833 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between anatomical location of contamination and mortality in dogs with gastrointestinal and biliary origin of septic peritonitis. METHODS Medical records at two private referral hospitals between 2003 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were included if the origin of contamination was confirmed intraoperatively within the gastrointestinal or biliary tract. Cases were excluded if the dog died or was euthanized intraoperatively or where the data regarding the origin of contamination were not available. The association of anatomical origin with survival was assessed specifying the locations as stomach, small intestine, large intestine and biliary tract. The gastrointestinal tract origin was further subdivided into pylorus, nonpylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. RESULTS The overall survival rate was 75.9% (n = 44/58). There were no significant differences in survival among different anatomical origins of contaminations before or after subdivision (P = 0.349 and 0.832, respectively). Also, there was no association between isolated microorganism species in microbiological culture and the anatomical origin (P = 0.951) and the microorganism species was not associated with survival (P = 0.674). CONCLUSIONS There was no association between anatomical location of leakage, microorganism species and survival although further studies are warranted to analyse the relationships between anatomical leakage site and microorganism species as well as microorganism species and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uetsu
- North Shore Veterinary, Specialist & Emergency Centre, Artarmon, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Houston
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Prospect, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Bailey
- North Shore Veterinary, Specialist & Emergency Centre, Artarmon, New South Wales, Australia
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