1
|
Pedro B, Mavropoulou A, Oyama MA, Linney C, Neves J, Dukes-McEwan J, Fontes-Sousa AP, Gelzer AR. Longitudinal analysis of echocardiographic and cardiac biomarker variables in dogs with atrial fibrillation: The optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation II study. J Vet Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 38877661 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rate control (RC; meanHRHolter ≤ 125 bpm) increases survival in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms remain unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Investigate echocardiographic and biomarker differences between RC and non-RC (NRC) dogs. Determine if changes post-anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD) predict successful RC in subsequent Holter monitoring. Evaluate if early vs late RC affects survival. ANIMALS Fifty-two dogs with AF. METHODS Holter-derived mean heart rate, echocardiographic and biomarker variables from dogs receiving AAD were analyzed prospectively at each re-evaluation and grouped into RC or NRC. The primary endpoint was successful RC. Between group comparisons of absolute values, magnitude of change from admission to re-evaluations and end of study were performed using Mann-Whitney tests or unpaired t-tests. Logistic regression explored variables associated with inability to achieve RC at subsequent visits. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare survival time of early vs late RC. RESULTS At visit 2, 11/52 dogs were RC; at visit 3, 14/52 were RC; and at visit 4, 4/52 were RC. At the end of study, 25/52 remained NRC. At visit 2, both groups had increased cardiac dimensions, but NRC dogs had larger dimensions; biomarkers did not differ. At the end of study, RC showed decreased cardiac dimensions and end-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) compared with NRC. No variables were useful at predicting RC success in subsequent visits. Survival analysis found no differences between early vs late RC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The RC dogs had decreased cardiac dimensions and NT-proBNP, suggesting HR-mediated reverse-remodeling might benefit survival, even with delayed RC achievement. Pursuit of RC is crucial despite initial failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigite Pedro
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands B90 4NH, United Kingdom
- Hospital Veterinário do Bom Jesus, Avenida General Carrilho da Silva Pinto 52, Braga 4715-380, Portugal
- Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd, 166 College Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 1BH, United Kingdom
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Antonia Mavropoulou
- Plakentia Veterinary Clinic, Al. Panagouli 31, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens 153 43, Greece
| | - Mark A Oyama
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Linney
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands B90 4NH, United Kingdom
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Business Village, Paragon Way, Red Hall Cres, Wakefield WF1 2DF, United Kingdom
| | - João Neves
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands B90 4NH, United Kingdom
- Hospital Veterinário do Bom Jesus, Avenida General Carrilho da Silva Pinto 52, Braga 4715-380, Portugal
- Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd, 166 College Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 1BH, United Kingdom
- Hospital Veterinario de Aveiro, Avenida da Universidade 215, Aveiro 3810-489, Portugal
| | - Joanna Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 2UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana P Fontes-Sousa
- Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacological Research and Drug Innovation (MedInUP), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVET), ICBAS - Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna R Gelzer
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arcuri G, Valente C, Perini C, Guglielmini C. Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation in the Dog: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2024; 11:47. [PMID: 38275929 PMCID: PMC10818451 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Different risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) development have been identified in numerous studies on humans, but this information is less clearly available on the dog. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the risk factors for AF in the dog. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases for articles reporting on cases of spontaneously occurring AF in dogs. The level of evidence was assessed using the Evidence Quality Grading System of the National Institute of Health. One thousand forty-three studies were initially identified, and twenty of them were included in this systematic review involving 2,359,275 dogs, of which 4807 showed spontaneously occurring AF. Genetics, for the Irish Wolfhound, increased body weight, and left atrial enlargement were the main risk factors for the development of AF in dogs with different cardiac diseases, particularly myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, some differences were found between these two cardiac diseases regarding additional risk factors. In particular, the presence of congestive heart failure and echocardiographic evidence of increased left atrial pressure or the presence of right atrial enlargement emerged as risk factors in dogs with MMVD or DCM, respectively. Furthermore, significant differences in risk factors were observed between dogs and humans. In particular, advanced age and male sex are not reliable indicators of an increased risk of AF in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlo Guglielmini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production & Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (G.A.); (C.V.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guglielmini C, Valente C, Romito G, Mazzoldi C, Baron Toaldo M, Goncalves Sousa M, Wolf M, Beluque T, Domenech O, Patata V, Porciello F, Ferrari P, Caivano D, Contiero B, Poser H. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1183689. [PMID: 37228845 PMCID: PMC10203468 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1183689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atrial fibrillation secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) frequently affects large-breed dogs. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation in dogs of different breeds with an echocardiographic diagnosis of DCM. Methods In this multicenter retrospective study, we searched the electronic databases of five cardiology referral centers for dogs with an echocardiographic diagnosis of DCM. A comparison of clinical and echocardiographic variables was performed between dogs developing atrial fibrillation and those not developing atrial fibrillation and the ability to distinguish between these two groups of dogs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of developing atrial fibrillation. Results We included 89 client-owned dogs with occult and overt echocardiographic DCM. Of these, 39 dogs (43.8%) had atrial fibrillation, 29 dogs (32.6%) maintained a sinus rhythm, and 21 dogs (23.6%) showed other cardiac arrhythmias. Left atrial diameter had high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.816, 95% CI = 0.719-0.890) to predict the development of atrial fibrillation at the cut-off of >4.66 cm. After multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis, only increased left atrial diameter (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.87-6.87; p < 0.001) and presence of right atrial enlargement (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.35-11.97; p = 0.013) were significant predictors of atrial fibrillation development. Discussion Atrial fibrillation is a common complication of DCM in the dog and is significantly associated with increased absolute left atrial diameter and right atrial enlargement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Guglielmini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carlotta Valente
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazzoldi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marcela Wolf
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tamyris Beluque
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Oriol Domenech
- Department of Cardiology, AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Patata
- Department of Cardiology, AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico Caivano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Helen Poser
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|