Effects of food intake on pharmacokinetics of mosapride in beagle dogs

An Intragastric Delivery Device Employing FDM Technology: 3D-Printed Tablet Containing Green Developed Mosapride-Saccharin Co-crystals

Mosapride citrate (MC) is a poorly soluble short half-life drug with more pronounced absorption in the stomach. The present study aimed to incorporate MC co-crystals with enhanced solubility into 3D-printed floating tablets. MC co-crystals were prepared via the green method using Saccharin sod. as a co-former at a (1:1) molar ratio. The prepared co-crystals were assessed for solubility, FTIR, thermal behavior, and SEM. Then, it was incorporated into zero % infill 3D-printed tablets of different configurations at two thickness levels by the FDM printing technique. Printed tablets were evaluated for dimensions, weight deviation, friability, and in vitro floating behavior. Drug release and kinetic of the MC release were also assessed. Solubility study of the co-crystals showed a significant (p value < 0.05) increased solubility over pure MC. FTIR and thermal behavior confirmed hydrogen bonding formation during co-crystallization. The obstructed particles had an erratic protrusion form, similar to a nodule, as illustrated by SEM. The printed tablets showed acceptable physicochemical properties. Tablets floated for about ≥ 12 h without floating lag time. In vitro drug release exhibited variable extended release profiles with different lag times depending on the configuration indicating that the tablet's wall thickness and surface area were the factors manipulated to control drug release. Kinetic analysis of the release data displayed intermediate kinetics between zero-order and diffusional kinetics. The intragastric extended release profile for MC co-crystals of improved solubility could be successfully, economically, and quickly developed utilizing the 3D printing technique.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of mosapride following intravenous and oral administration in beagle dogs

The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of mosapride after intravenous and oral administration to beagle dogs. To obtain the advanced pharmacokinetic parameters of mosapride, both noncompartmental analysis and pharmacokinetic modeling were performed. Twenty beagle dogs were randomly sorted into intravenous (1 mg single administration of mosapride) and oral (5 mg once a day administration of mosapride) groups. Blood samples were collected according to the reported schedule for pharmacokinetics. The plasma concentration of mosapride was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. According to the pharmacokinetic analysis, the absorption rate of mosapride was 3.14 ± 1.14 hr^-1 and oral bioavailability of mosapride was approximately 1%. The one-compartment model well described the pharmacokinetics of mosapride after both intravenous and oral administration to dogs. These findings will help facilitate the determination of the optimal dose regimen of mosapride for dogs with gastrointestinal disorder.

Effect of mosapride on ruminal motility in cattle

This study aimed to assess the effects of mosapride at various dosages on ruminal motility in cattle and the absorption kinetics of mosapride in cattle. Mosapride was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in cattle. Oral administration at dosages of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the detection time. At the 1 mg/kg dose, the motility index of rumen in cattle significantly increased at 60, 70, and 80 min (134 ± 20, 168 ± 37, 173 ± 45%, respectively), compared with that of the control. The administration of mosapride in cattle did not cause any subsequent adverse clinical signs or blood test abnormalities. It was suggested that mosapride enhanced ruminal motility without adverse effects in cattle.

Preparation and Evaluation of Mosapride Citrate Dual-Release Dry Suspension

In this paper, a novel formulation of dual-release dry suspension of mosapride citrate (DRDS-MC) was designed which can be quickly released in the stomach while having sustained-release effect. Co-grinding mixture of mosapride citrate (MC) together with L-HPC as hydrophilic excipient was prepared in order to improve the solubility of MC. The co-grinding mixture was characterized by solubility studies, DSC, X-RD, SEM, FTIR, and size distribution before the preparation of the DRDS-MC. Then, the co-grinding mixture was used to prepare DRDS-MC via wet granulation method. The evaluation of DRDS-MC was focused on physicochemical properties, intestinal absorption, and pharmacokinetics. The results of DSC, X-RD, SEM, FTIR, and size distribution indicated that MC resides in co-grinding mixture with no crystalline changes, hydrogen bonds made L-HPC greatly improving the solubility of MC. Then, the dissolution of DRDS-MC reached 70% in pH 1.2 within 2 h, and the 12-h dissolution of MC in pH 6.8 was nearly 80%. The sedimentation volume after 3 h was 0.94 and redispersibility was good. The linear regression equation between in vitro release of DRDS-MC and intestinal absorption fraction in rats was: Y = 29.215 + 47.535*X (r = 0.952). At last, pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs demonstrated that DRDS-MC has prolonged effect compared with commercial formulation Gasmotin as a reference. All results indicated that the DRDS-MC could be quickly released in the stomach while having sustained-release effect.

Identification of beagle food taking patterns and protocol for food effects evaluation on bioavailability

Food is a known primary role to the exposure of the drugs orally administered. Since each animal may have unique food taking pattern and it is difficult to manipulate the food taking to animals, there lacks rationalized protocol for the food effects in pre-clinic study. The objective of this study was to identify the beagle food taking patterns and demonstrate their effects on bioavailability in valsartan. Herein, four types of food taking patterns of beagle were identified via inter-day and intra-day analysis, and named as Persisting, Pulsing, Postponing, Pushing (“4P Modes”), respectively, which were also validated by principal component analysis (PCA). Interestingly, food intake resulted in a reduced area under the concentration-time curve (AUC_0–12h), maximum concentration (C_max) and absorption rate, whilst the reduction varied in “4P Modes” of food taking. General considerations in the design of experiment for food effect to the bioavailability in beagles have been established as: to recognize the food taking patterns in each animal, to confirm the inter-day stability of the food taking behaviors, to trace the food taking patterns in parallel with plasma sampling. In conclusion, the right animals with proper food taking patterns should be assessed and selected for pre-clinic bioavailability evaluations.