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Fischer-Tenhagen C, Bohm D, Finnah A, Arlt S, Schlesinger S, Borchardt S, Sutter F, Tippenhauer CM, Heuwieser W, Venjakob PL. Residue Concentrations of Cloxacillin in Milk after Intramammary Dry Cow Treatment Considering Dry Period Length. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2558. [PMID: 37627348 PMCID: PMC10451617 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry cow treatment with an intramammary antibiotic is recommended to reduce the risk of mastitis at the beginning of the next lactation. The dry period may be shortened unintentionally, affecting antibiotic residue depletion and the time when residues reach concentrations below the maximum residue limit (MRL). The objective of this study was to evaluate residue depletion in milk after dry cow treatment with cloxacillin, considering dry periods of 14 (G14d), 21 (G21d), and 28 d (G28d). Overall, fifteen cows with 60 udder quarters were included in the study. For each cow, three of the udder quarters were treated with 1000 mg cloxacillin benzathine (2:1) on d 252, d 259, and d 266 of gestation; one quarter was left untreated. Milk samples were drawn until 20 DIM and milk composition, somatic cell count and cloxacillin residues were analyzed. The HPLC-MS/MS revealed different excretion kinetics for the compounds cloxacillin and cloxacillin benzathine (1:1). All cows showed a cloxacillin and cloxacillin benzathine (1:1) concentration below the MRL of 30 µg/kg after 5 d. In the udder quarters of G21d and G28d, the cloxacillin concentration was already below the MRL at first milking after calving. The cloxacillin benzathine (1:1) concentration in the milk of G28d, G21d, and G14d fell below 30 µg/kg on the 5th, 3rd, and 5th DIM, respectively. Shortening the dry period affects residue depletion after dry cow treatment with cloxacillin. The risk of exceeding the MRL, however, seems low, even with dry periods shorter than 14 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Fischer-Tenhagen
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
- Center for Protection of Experimental Animals, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Alt Marienfelde 17-21, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev Bohm
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Gerichtstraße 49, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Finnah
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Gerichtstraße 49, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Arlt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Samira Schlesinger
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Stefan Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Franziska Sutter
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Christie M. Tippenhauer
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Wolfgang Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Peter L. Venjakob
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
- Clinic for Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 104, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Golkarieh AM, Nasirizadeh N, Jahanmardi R. Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor with Au nanorods-graphene oxide hybrid nanocomposites for in situ measurement of cloxacillin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111317. [PMID: 33254958 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considering the increasing use of antibiotics, and their continued entry into the environment, extensive research has been conducted on the impact of antibiotics on human health, water resources, and the environment. In this study, a suitable method has been proposed for detecting and elimination the trace amounts of the antibiotic cloxacillin in aqueous. For identify trace amounts of cloxacillin in solution, a new electrochemical nanosensor based on a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with gold nanorods/graphene oxide was proposed. This nanosensor, which was prepared by self-assembling method, was capable of measuring cloxacillin in the 5.0-775.0 nM with a detection limit of 1.6 nM. In order to reduce the amount of antibiotics in the environment, a novel carbon nanocomposite based on sol-gel method was prepared and its application as a high-capacity adsorbent for the removal of cloxacillin was studied. In the antibiotic removal experiments, the effect of pH, contact time, different mass ratios of SWCNT and amount of nanocomposite adsorbent were also optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The prepared nanosensor and synthesized carbon nanocomposites were then characterized by commonly identical techniques involve SEM, EDAX, BET and FT-IR. The presented nanosensor was successfully used for the in situ determination of Clox in adsorptive tests with reliable recovery. As well, the AuNR/GO/SPC electrode presented well stability, repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, good performance and high adsorption capacity make developed adsorbent as a suitable case for the removal of water-soluble pharmaceutical contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Mohammad Golkarieh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Nasirizadeh
- Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Reza Jahanmardi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Wu F, Zhou Y, Li L, Shen X, Chen G, Wang X, Liang X, Tan M, Huang Z. Computational Approaches in Preclinical Studies on Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2020; 8:726. [PMID: 33062633 PMCID: PMC7517894 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Because undesirable pharmacokinetics and toxicity are significant reasons for the failure of drug development in the costly late stage, it has been widely recognized that drug ADMET properties should be considered as early as possible to reduce failure rates in the clinical phase of drug discovery. Concurrently, drug recalls have become increasingly common in recent years, prompting pharmaceutical companies to increase attention toward the safety evaluation of preclinical drugs. In vitro and in vivo drug evaluation techniques are currently more mature in preclinical applications, but these technologies are costly. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer science, in silico technology has been widely used to evaluate the relevant properties of drugs in the preclinical stage and has produced many software programs and in silico models, further promoting the study of ADMET in vitro. In this review, we first introduce the two ADMET prediction categories (molecular modeling and data modeling). Then, we perform a systematic classification and description of the databases and software commonly used for ADMET prediction. We focus on some widely studied ADMT properties as well as PBPK simulation, and we list some applications that are related to the prediction categories and web tools. Finally, we discuss challenges and limitations in the preclinical area and propose some suggestions and prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Langhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xianhuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ganying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xianyang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mengyuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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