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Sumithra TG, Sharma SRK, Prasad V, Gop AP, Gangadharan S, Gayathri S, Ambrose A, Rajisha R, Panda SK, Anil MK, Patil PK. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) following oral administration. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:307-320. [PMID: 36949263 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the comparative pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol and its metabolite (florfenicol amine, FFA) in Trachinotus blochii under tropical marine conditions (salinity: 35 ± 1.4‰; temperature: 28.8 ± 0.54 °C) following a single in-feed oral administration of the recommended dose (15 mg/Kg). Furthermore, the study investigated the distribution of these two compounds in nine different tissues. The maximum florfenicol concentrations (Cmax) in plasma and tissues were observed within five hours (Tmax), except for bile. The Cmax ranged from 572 to 1954 ng/g or ml and was in the intestine > bile > muscle + skin > liver > gill = heart > plasma > kidney = spleen. The elimination half-life of FFC was significantly slower in the bile (38.25 ± 4.46 h). The AUC tissue/plasma was highest for bile (3.77 ± 0.22), followed by intestine > muscle + skin > heart > liver > kidney = gill = spleen. Tmax and t1/2β were slower, and Cmax was lower for FFA than florfenicol in all tissues except Cmax of the kidney and bile. FFA t1/2β was exceptionally slower in the kidney (46.01 ± 8.2 h). Interestingly, reaching an apparent distribution rate of > 0.5 was comparatively faster in the kidney, liver, and gills than in other tissues. The highest apparent metabolic rate was in the kidney (0.95 ± 0.01) and the lowest in plasma (0.41 ± 0.01). The generated data can be applied for formulating efficient therapeutic protocols in T. blochii, a promising mariculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sumithra
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - S R Krupesha Sharma
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India.
| | - Vishnu Prasad
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Ambarish P Gop
- Vizhinjam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Vizhinjam P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 692521, Kerala, India
| | - Suja Gangadharan
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - S Gayathri
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Antony Ambrose
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - R Rajisha
- Quality Assurance and Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - S K Panda
- Quality Assurance and Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - M K Anil
- Vizhinjam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Vizhinjam P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 692521, Kerala, India
| | - P K Patil
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Santhome High Road, Chennai, 600028, Tamil Nadu, India
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