Archer TM, Mulligan C, Narayanan L, Riggs C, Fellman C, Thomason JM, Wills RW, Boothe DM, Cruz-Espindola C, Harmon R, Mackin AJ. Effects of oral administration of 5 immunosuppressive agents on activated T-cell cytokine expression in healthy dogs.
J Vet Intern Med 2020;
34:1206-1213. [PMID:
32052895 PMCID:
PMC7255661 DOI:
10.1111/jvim.15729]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Dogs are often adminstered >1 immunosuppressive medication when treating immune-mediated diseases, and determining whether these different medications affect IL-2 expression would be useful when performing pharmacodynamic monitoring during cyclosporine therapy.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To determine the effects of 5 medications (prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and leflunomide) on activated T-cell expression of the cytokines IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).
ANIMALS
Eight healthy dogs.
METHODS
Randomized, cross-over study comparing values before and after treatment, and comparing values after treatment among drugs. Dogs were administered each drug at standard oral doses for 1 week, with a washout of at least 21 days. Activated T-cell expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Blood drug concentrations were measured for cyclosporine, mycophenolate, and leflunomide metabolites.
RESULTS
Least squares means (with 95% confidence interval) before treatment for IL-2 (2.91 [2.32-3.50] ΔCt) and IFN-γ (2.33 [1.66-3.00 ΔCt]) values were significantly lower (both P < .001) than values after treatment (10.75 [10.16-11.34] and 10.79 [10.11-11.46] ΔCt, respectively) with cyclosporine. Similarly, least squares means before treatment for IL-2 (1.55 [1.07-2.02] ΔCt) and IFN-γ (2.62 [2.32-2.92] ΔCt) values were significantly lower (both P < .001) than values after treatment (3.55 [3.06-4.00] and 5.22 [4.92-5.52] ΔCt, respectively) with prednisone. Comparing delta cycle threshold values after treatment among drugs, cyclosporine was significantly different than prednisone (IL-2 and IFN-γ both P < .001), with cyclosporine more suppressive than prednisone.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Prednisone and cyclosporine both affected expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ, suggesting that both have the ability to influence results when utilizing pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporine treatment.
Collapse