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Srisapoome P, Tell LA, Chou CC. Editorial: Aquatic Pharmacology, Volume II: Pharmacokinetics for Aquatic Species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1039868. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1039868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Xie S, Trott DJ, Saputra S, Ebrahimie E, Dehcheshmeh MM, Page C, Woodward N, Griffiths N, Kimble B, Govendir M. Pharmacokinetic profile and effect on the faecal microbiome of a single dose of pradofloxacin oral suspension in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:203-212. [PMID: 34897751 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are often administered to pet rabbits given their perceived safety and limited effects on anaerobic gut microbiota. However, the pharmacokinetics and relative safety of pradofloxacin, a third-generation veterinary fluoroquinolone with a much broader spectrum of activity, have not been reported in this species. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of oral pradofloxacin in rabbits and evaluated effects on the faecal microbiome. Four mature female rabbits were administered pradofloxacin (25 mg/ml oral suspension), at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The pradofloxacin median (range) Tmax was 4.50 (2.00-5.00) h, Cmax 600.66 (395.85-886.72) ng/ml and t½ was 1.27 (0.12-1.39) h. These results indicated that oral absorption of pradofloxacin was slower, and elimination faster compared with other fluoroquinolones in healthy rabbits, as well as relative to cats and dogs. Following treatment with pradofloxacin, faecal microbiota profiling showed some compositional differences between treated and control animals. This was the result of a significant decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria, in particular bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas, Atopostipes and Parabacteroides genera. The pharmacokinetic profile of pradofloxacin in rabbits should be further studied by increasing the sample size and using multiple-dose protocols (i.e. 7 days) to confirm safety. Further information on the effects of protein binding, higher dosages and disease on pradofloxacin pharmacokinetics in rabbits are needed before an accurate dosing regimen can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhe Xie
- Mandai Wildlife Group, Singapore, Singapore.,Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,La Trobe Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Manijeh Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlyn Page
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Nicola Woodward
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Neil Griffiths
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kimble
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merran Govendir
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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