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Menário Costa W, King WJ, Bonnet T, Festa-Bianchet M, Kruuk LEB. Early-life behavior, survival, and maternal personality in a wild marsupial. Behav Ecol 2023; 34:1002-1012. [PMID: 37969552 PMCID: PMC10636729 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual behavior varies for many reasons, but how early in life are such differences apparent, and are they under selection? We investigated variation in early-life behavior in a wild eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) population, and quantified associations of behavior with early survival. Behavior of young was measured while still in the pouch and as subadults, and survival to weaning was monitored. We found consistent variation between offspring of different mothers in levels of activity at the pouch stage, in flight initiation distance (FID) as subadults, and in subadult survival, indicating similarity between siblings. There was no evidence of covariance between the measures of behavior at the pouch young versus subadult stages, nor of covariance of the early-life behavioral traits with subadult survival. However, there was a strong covariance between FIDs of mothers and those of their offspring tested at different times. Further, of the total repeatability of subadult FID (51.5%), more than half could be attributed to differences between offspring of different mothers. Our results indicate that 1) behavioral variation is apparent at a very early stage of development (still in the pouch in the case of this marsupial); 2) between-mother differences can explain much of the repeatability (or "personality") of juvenile behavior; and 3) mothers and offspring exhibit similar behavioral responses to stimuli. However, 4) we found no evidence of selection via covariance between early-life or maternal behavioral traits and juvenile survival in this wild marsupial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton Menário Costa
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Wendy J King
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Timothée Bonnet
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Loeske E B Kruuk
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
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Wang Y, Hong X, Liu X, Li W, Chen C, Zhu J, Wei C, Zhu X, Yu L. Reproductive Output Reveals the Maternal Effects on Offspring Size-Number Trade-Off in Cultured Asian Yellow Pond Turtle ( Mauremys mutica). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2219. [PMID: 37444017 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Offspring size-number trade-off is a critical component of life-history theory and is important for further understanding the reproductive strategies of animals. The relationship between this trade-off and maternal size has been explored in several turtle species, except for the Asian yellow pond turtle, Mauremys mutica. To investigate how the maternal condition affects offspring size and number, we explored the relationships among the maternal body size and the number and size of cultured M. mutica hatchlings using a 4-year dataset. Our results showed that different females not only produced different sizes of offspring but also produced different numbers of offspring. No trade-off in egg size number was detected. According to regression analysis, we did not find that the maternal body size significantly influenced the offspring mass; however, we detected that the offspring size was significantly correlated with the clutch size and maternal age. The mean body mass of offspring increased with maternal age, and the clutch size varied significantly over four years, which was correlated with offspring size, maternal body size and age. However, the number of offspring per female increased with the maternal plastron length rather than age. Our results were inconsistent with the optimal offspring size theory in that females did not increase their offspring size but rather increased the offspring number to increase their fitness, which will also provide a basis for the efficient cultivation management of turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiaoyou Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Junxian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Chengqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
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Josimovich JM, Falk BG, Grajal-Puche A, Hanslowe EB, Bartoszek IA, Reed RN, Currylow AF. Clutch may predict growth of hatchling Burmese pythons better than food availability or sex. Biol Open 2021; 10:273482. [PMID: 34796905 PMCID: PMC8609237 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying which environmental and genetic factors affect growth pattern phenotypes can help biologists predict how organisms distribute finite energy resources in response to varying environmental conditions and physiological states. This information may be useful for monitoring and managing populations of cryptic, endangered, and invasive species. Consequently, we assessed the effects of food availability, clutch, and sex on the growth of invasive Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus Kuhl) from the Greater Everglades Ecosystem in Florida, USA. Though little is known from the wild, Burmese pythons have been physiological model organisms for decades, with most experimental research sourcing individuals from the pet trade. Here, we used 60 hatchlings collected as eggs from the nests of two wild pythons, assigned them to High or Low feeding treatments, and monitored growth and meal consumption for 12 weeks, a period when pythons are thought to grow very rapidly. None of the 30 hatchlings that were offered food prior to their fourth week post-hatching consumed it, presumably because they were relying on internal yolk stores. Although only two clutches were used in the experiment, we found that nearly all phenotypic variation was explained by clutch rather than feeding treatment or sex. Hatchlings from clutch 1 (C1) grew faster and were longer, heavier, in better body condition, ate more frequently, and were bolder than hatchlings from clutch 2 (C2), regardless of food availability. On average, C1 and C2 hatchling snout-vent length (SVL) and weight grew 0.15 cm d−1 and 0.10 cm d−1, and 0.20 g d−1 and 0.03 g d−1, respectively. Additional research may be warranted to determine whether these effects remain with larger clutch sample sizes and to identify the underlying mechanisms and fitness implications of this variation to help inform risk assessments and management. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Hatchling pythons from an invasive population displayed substantial phenotypic variation in morphometrics, growth rates, and behaviors. This information may be useful for managing populations of cryptic, endangered, and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Josimovich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center - South Florida Field Station, 40001 SR 9336, Homestead, FL 33034, USA
| | - Bryan G Falk
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center - South Florida Field Station, 40001 SR 9336, Homestead, FL 33034, USA
| | - Alejandro Grajal-Puche
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center - South Florida Field Station, 40001 SR 9336, Homestead, FL 33034, USA
| | - Emma B Hanslowe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center - South Florida Field Station, 40001 SR 9336, Homestead, FL 33034, USA
| | | | - Robert N Reed
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Andrea F Currylow
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center - South Florida Field Station, 40001 SR 9336, Homestead, FL 33034, USA
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Bock SL, Hale MD, Rainwater TR, Wilkinson PM, Parrott BB. Incubation Temperature and Maternal Resource Provisioning, but Not Contaminant Exposure, Shape Hatchling Phenotypes in a Species with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 241:43-54. [PMID: 34436964 DOI: 10.1086/714572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe environment experienced during embryonic development is a rich source of phenotypic variation, as environmental signals have the potential to both inform adaptive plastic responses and disrupt normal developmental programs. Environment-by-embryo interactions are particularly consequential for species with temperature-dependent sex determination, a mode of sex determination common in non-avian reptiles and fish, in which thermal cues during a discrete period of development drive the formation of either an ovary or a testis. Here we examine the impact of thermal variation during incubation in combination with developmental exposure to a common endocrine-disrupting contaminant on fitness-related hatchling traits in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination. Using a factorial design, we exposed field-collected eggs to five thermal profiles (three constant temperatures, two fluctuating temperatures) and two environmentally relevant doses of the pesticide metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; and we quantified incubation duration, sex ratios, hatchling morphometric traits, and growth (9-10 days post-hatch). Whereas dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure did not generally affect hatchling traits, constant and fluctuating temperatures produced diverse phenotypic effects. Thermal fluctuations led to subtle changes in incubation duration and produced shorter hatchlings with smaller heads when compared to the constant temperature control. Warmer, male-promoting incubation temperatures resulted in larger hatchlings with more residual yolk reserves when compared to cooler, female-promoting temperatures. Together, these findings advance our understanding of how complex environmental factors interact with developing organisms to generate phenotypic variation and raise questions regarding the mechanisms connecting variable thermal conditions to responses in hatchling traits and their evolutionary implications for temperature-dependent sex determination.
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Kim S, Pregler KC, Cushman EL, Darden TL, Kanno Y. Behavior outweighs body size in mediating male reproductive success in a nest-building fish, bluehead chub. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nagy KA, Henen BT, Hillard LS. Head-started Agassiz’s desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii achieved high survival, growth, and body condition in natural field enclosures. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured survival, growth, and body condition of 8 hatchling cohorts of desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii (living in predator-resistant outdoor pens in the Mojave Desert, California, USA) over 11 yr to evaluate head-starting methods. At 11 yr of age, 7 times as many of the first cohort had survived than if they had been free-living tortoises. Subsequent improvements in predator control, food and water supplementation, and pen structure increased survival from 7 to 10 times that under wild conditions in younger cohorts. Annual survival averaged 96%. Carapace length (CL) increased 6.95 mm yr-1, similar to that of free-living tortoises. Annual growth rates varied with calendar year (possibly reflecting food and water supply), age, cohort (year hatched), mother, and in 4 dry years, with crowding. Most of the first cohort grew to a releasable size (CL >100 mm) by their 9th year. Body condition indices remained high, indicating little dehydration despite droughts in 8 of the 11 years, because irrigation offered drinking opportunities. Head-started tortoises developed fully hardened shells (≥98% of adult shell hardness) earlier (10.1 vs. 11.6 yr), but at a larger CL (117 vs. 104 mm) than did free-living tortoises. Selective feeding in head-start pens decreased subsequent germination of favored wildflower species, apparently by reducing the natural seedbank. Consequently, we reseeded and irrigated each autumn to promote subsequent spring food supply. We irrigated in early summer to enable drinking and ensuing consumption of dry, dead plants and Bermuda grass hay, a supplement. These procedures can greatly improve juvenile survivorship, and increase numbers of hard-shelled, midsized juveniles to help augment wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- KA Nagy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606, USA
| | - BT Henen
- Environmental Affairs, MAGTFTC MCAGCC, Twentynine Palms, California 92278, USA
| | - LS Hillard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606, USA
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Daly JA, Buhlmann KA, Todd BD, Moore CT, Peaden JM, Tuberville TD. Survival and movements of head‐started Mojave desert tortoises. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Daly
- University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Kurt A. Buhlmann
- University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Brian D. Todd
- Department of WildlifeFish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Clinton T. Moore
- U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - J. Mark Peaden
- Department of WildlifeFish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Tracey D. Tuberville
- University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
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Yuan ML, White KN, Rothermel BB, Zamudio KR, Tuberville TD. Close-kin mating, but not inbred parents, reduces hatching rates and offspring quality in a threatened tortoise. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1152-1162. [PMID: 31397924 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression, the reduction in fitness due to mating of related individuals, is of particular conservation concern in species with small, isolated populations. Although inbreeding depression is widespread in natural populations, long-lived species may be buffered from its effects during population declines due to long generation times and thus are less likely to have evolved mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance than species with shorter generation times. However, empirical evidence of the consequences of inbreeding in threatened, long-lived species is limited. In this study, we leverage a well-studied population of gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus, to examine the role of inbreeding depression and the potential for behavioural inbreeding avoidance in a natural population of a long-lived species. We tested the hypothesis that increased parental inbreeding leads to reduced hatching rates and offspring quality. Additionally, we tested for evidence of inbreeding avoidance. We found that high parental relatedness results in offspring with lower quality and that high parental relatedness is correlated with reduced hatching success. However, we found that hatching success and offspring quality increase with maternal inbreeding, likely due to highly inbred females mating with more distantly related males. We did not find evidence for inbreeding avoidance in males and outbred females, suggesting sex-specific evolutionary trade-offs may have driven the evolution of mating behaviour. Our results demonstrate inbreeding depression in a long-lived species and that the evolution of inbreeding avoidance is shaped by multiple selective forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA
| | - K Nicole White
- Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA.,Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA.,Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Averill-Murray RC, Christopher TE, Henen BT. Reproductive Ecology and Life History of Female Sonoran Desert Tortoises (Gopherus morafkai). HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-18-00003.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy C. Averill-Murray
- Nongame Branch, Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 West Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086, USA
| | - Terry E. Christopher
- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Brian T. Henen
- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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Hofmeyr MD, Henen BT, Loehr VJT. Reproductive investments of a small, arid zone tortoise
Chersobius signatus
: Follicle and egg development. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha D. Hofmeyr
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
| | - Brian T. Henen
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
- Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command, Environmental Affairs, MCAGCC Twentynine Palms California
| | - Victor J. T. Loehr
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
- Homopus Research Foundation IJsselstein The Netherlands
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Mack JS, Schneider HE, Berry KH. Crowding Affects Health, Growth, and Behavior in Headstart Pens for Agassiz's Desert Tortoise. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1248.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Mack
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 21803 Cactus Avenue, Suite F, Riverside, California 92518 USA []
- Present address: Crater Lake National Park, PO Box 7, Crater Lake, Oregon 97604 USA []
| | - Heather E. Schneider
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 21803 Cactus Avenue, Suite F, Riverside, California 92518 USA []
- Present address: Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105 USA []
| | - Kristin H. Berry
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 21803 Cactus Avenue, Suite F, Riverside, California 92518 USA []
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Muller D, Giron D, Desouhant E, Rey B, Casas J, Lefrique N, Visser B. Maternal age affects offspring nutrient dynamics. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 101:123-131. [PMID: 28735010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The internal physiological state of a mother can have major effects on her fitness and that of her offspring. We show that maternal effects in the parasitic wasp Eupelmus vuilleti become apparent when old mothers provision their eggs with less protein, sugar and lipid. Feeding from a host after hatching allows the offspring of old mothers to overcome initial shortages in sugars and lipids, but adult offspring of old mothers still emerged with lower protein and glycogen quantities. Reduced egg provisioning by old mothers had adverse consequences for the nutrient composition of adult female offspring, despite larval feeding from a high-quality host. Lower resource availability in adult offspring of old mothers can affect behavioural decisions, life histories and performance. Maternal effects on egg nutrient provisioning may thus affect nutrient availability and fitness of future generations in oviparous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Muller
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69000 Lyon, UMR CNRS 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69000 Lyon, UMR CNRS 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Lefrique
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Bertanne Visser
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
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Nafus MG, Tuberville TD, Buhlmann KA, Todd BD. Precipitation quantity and timing affect native plant production and growth of a key herbivore, the desert tortoise, in the Mojave Desert. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40665-017-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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