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Thonis A, Stansfield A, Akçakaya HR. Unravelling the role of tropical cyclones in shaping present species distributions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17232. [PMID: 38462701 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Driven by climate change, tropical cyclones (TCs) are predicted to change in intensity and frequency through time. Given these forecasted changes, developing an understanding of how TCs impact insular wildlife is of heightened importance. Previous work has shown that extreme weather events may shape species distributions more strongly than climatic averages; however, given the coarse spatial and temporal scales at which TC data are often reported, the influence of TCs on species distributions has yet to be explored. Using TC data from the National Hurricane Center, we developed spatially and temporally explicit species distribution models (SDMs) to examine the role of TCs in shaping present-day distributions of Puerto Rico's 10 Anolis lizard species. We created six predictor variables to represent the intensity and frequency of TCs. For each occurrence of a species, we calculated these variables for TCs that came within 500 km of the center of Puerto Rico and occurred within the 1-year window prior to when that occurrence was recorded. We also included predictor variables related to landcover, climate, topography, canopy cover and geology. We used random forests to assess model performance and variable importance in models with and without TC variables. We found that the inclusion of TC variables improved model performance for the majority of Puerto Rico's 10 anole species. The magnitude of the improvement varied by species, with generalist species that occur throughout the island experiencing the greatest improvements in model performance. Range-restricted species experienced small, almost negligible, improvements but also had more predictive models both with and without the inclusion of TC variables compared to generalist species. Our findings suggest that incorporating data on TCs into SDMs may be important for modeling insular species that are prone to experiencing these types of extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thonis
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Alyssa Stansfield
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - H Resit Akçakaya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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2
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Michaud R, Hagey TJ, De León LF, Revell LJ, Avilés-Rodríguez KJ. Geometric Morphometric Assessment of Toe Shape in Forest and Urban Lizards Following Hurricane Disturbances. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad025. [PMID: 37521144 PMCID: PMC10384016 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that hurricanes can influence the evolution of organisms, with phenotypic traits involved in adhesion, such as the toepads of arboreal lizards, being particularly susceptible to natural selection imposed by hurricanes. To investigate this idea, we quantified trait variation before and after Hurricanes Irma and Maria (2017) in forest and urban populations of the Puerto Rican lizard Anolis cristatellus. We found that the hurricanes affected toe morphology differently between forest and urban sites. In particular, toepads of the forefeet were longer and narrower in forest, but wider in urban populations, compared to pre-hurricane measures. Toepads of the hind feet were larger in area following the hurricanes. Fore and rear toes increased in length following the hurricane. There were no changes in the number of lamellae scales or lamellae spacing, but lamellae 6-11 of the forefeet shifted proximally following the hurricane. We also measured clinging performance and toe shape. We found that toepad area and toe lengths were stronger predictors of adhesive forces than toepad shape. Our results highlight an interaction between urbanization and hurricanes, demonstrating the importance to consider how urban species will respond to extreme weather events. Additionally, our different results for fore and rear feet highlight the importance of evaluating both of these traits when measuring the morphological response to hurricanes in arboreal lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michaud
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - T J Hagey
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Mississippi University for Women, 1100 College Street, Columbus, MS 39701, USA
| | - L F De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - L J Revell
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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3
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Simon MN, Rothier PS, Donihue CM, Herrel A, Kolbe JJ. Can extreme climatic events induce shifts in adaptive potential? A conceptual framework and empirical test with Anolis lizards. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:195-208. [PMID: 36357963 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multivariate adaptation to climatic shifts may be limited by trait integration that causes genetic variation to be low in the direction of selection. However, strong episodes of selection induced by extreme climatic pressures may facilitate future population-wide responses if selection reduces trait integration and increases adaptive potential (i.e., evolvability). We explain this counter-intuitive framework for extreme climatic events in which directional selection leads to increased evolvability and exemplify its use in a case study. We tested this hypothesis in two populations of the lizard Anolis scriptus that experienced hurricane-induced selection on limb traits. We surveyed populations immediately before and after the hurricane as well as the offspring of post-hurricane survivors, allowing us to estimate both selection and response to selection on key functional traits: forelimb length, hindlimb length, and toepad area. The direct selection was parallel in both islands and strong in several limb traits. Even though overall limb integration did not change after the hurricane, both populations showed a non-significant tendency toward increased evolvability after the hurricane despite the direction of selection not being aligned with the axis of most variance (i.e., body size). The population with comparably lower between-limb integration showed a less constrained response to selection. Hurricane-induced selection, not aligned with the pattern of high trait correlations, likely conflicts with selection occurring during normal ecological conditions that favours functional coordination between limb traits, and would likely need to be very strong and more persistent to elicit a greater change in trait integration and evolvability. Future tests of this hypothesis should use G-matrices in a variety of wild organisms experiencing selection due to extreme climatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique N Simon
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Colin M Donihue
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.,Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Li R, Feng S, Yan S, Liu X, Yang PA, Yang X, Shou M, Yu Z. Wind Resistance Mechanism of an Anole Lizard-Inspired Climbing Robot. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7826. [PMID: 36298177 PMCID: PMC9607616 DOI: 10.3390/s22207826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The stable operation of climbing robots exposed to high winds is of great significance for the health-monitoring of structures. This study proposes an anole lizard-like climbing robot inspired by its superior wind resistance. First, the stability mechanism of the anole lizard body in adhesion and desorption is investigated by developing adhesion and desorption models, respectively. Then, the hypothesis that the anole lizard improves its adhesion and stability performance through abdominal adjustment and trunk swing is tested by developing a simplified body model and kinematic model. After that, the structures of the toe, limb, and multi-stage flexible torso of the anole lizard-like climbing robot are designed. Subsequently, the aerodynamic behavior of the proposed robot under high-speed airflow are investigated using finite element analysis. The results show that when there is no obstacle, the climbing robot generates the normal force to enhance toepad friction and adhesion by tuning the abdomen's shape to create an air pressure difference between the back and abdomen. When there is an obstacle, a component force is obtained through periodic oscillation of the spine and tail to resist the frontal winds resulting from the vortex paths generated by the airflow behind the obstacle. These results confirm that the proposed hypothesis is correct. Finally, the adhesion and wind resistance performance of the anole lizard-like climbing robot is tested through the developed experimental platform. It is found that the adhesion force is equal to 50 N when the pre-pressure is 20 N. Further, it is shown that the normal pressure of the proposed robot can reach 76.6% of its weight in a high wind of 14 m/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Shenyao Feng
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Chongqing Menlo Robot Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Ping-An Yang
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xingyi Yang
- Chongqing Menlo Robot Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Mengjie Shou
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Zhangguo Yu
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Acevedo MA, Clark D, Fankhauser C, Toohey JM. No evidence of predicted phenotypic changes after hurricane disturbance in a shade-specialist Caribbean anole. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220152. [PMID: 35920030 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme climatic events (ECEs) such as hurricanes have been hypothesized to be a major driving force of natural selection. Recent studies argue that, following strong hurricane disturbance, Anolis lizards in the Caribbean undergo selection for traits such as longer forelimbs or smaller body sizes that improve their clinging ability to their substrates increasing their chances of surviving hurricane wind gusts. Some authors challenge the generalization of this hypothesis arguing that other mechanisms may explain these phenotypic changes or that they may not necessarily be generalizable across systems. To address this issue, we compared body size and relative forelimb length of Anolis gundlachi, a trunk-ground anole living in closed-canopy forests in Puerto Rico, before, four months after, and 15 months after Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. Overall, our results show no clear evidence of a temporal decrease in body size or increase forelimb length (relative to body size) challenging the generalizability of the clinging ability hypothesis. Understanding how animals adapt to ECE is an emerging field. Still, we are quickly learning that this process is complex and nuanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Acevedo
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - David Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Carly Fankhauser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - John Michael Toohey
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
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van den Burg MP, Madden H, van Wagensveld TP, Boman E. Hurricane‐associated population decrease in a critically endangered long‐lived reptile. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs P. van den Burg
- IUCN SSC Iguana Specialist Group Gland Switzerland
- BioCoRe S. Coop. Madrid Spain
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Hannah Madden
- IUCN SSC Iguana Specialist Group Gland Switzerland
- Caribbean Netherlands Science Institute St. Eustatius The Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Utrecht University Texel The Netherlands
| | - Timothy P. van Wagensveld
- IUCN SSC Iguana Specialist Group Gland Switzerland
- Reptile Amphibian Fish Research the Netherlands Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Erik Boman
- St. Eustatius National Park Foundation St. Eustatius The Netherlands
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Debaere SF, Donihue CM, Herrel A, Van Wassenbergh S. An aerodynamic perspective on hurricane‐induced selection on
Anolis
lizards. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin M. Donihue
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Département Adaptations du Vivant UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N Paris France
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Avilés-Rodríguez KJ, Winchell KM, De León LF, Revell LJ. Phenotypic response to a major hurricane in Anolis lizards in urban and forest habitats. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Little is known about the synergistic impacts of urbanization and hurricanes on synanthropes. We compared morphological traits of the lizard Anolis cristatellus on Puerto Rico sampled before the 2017 category 5 Hurricane Maria and 4 and 11 months after the hurricane. We measured limb lengths, toepad size and the number of subdigital scales, termed lamellae, that facilitate adhesion. We hypothesized that the hurricane should have selected for longer limbs and larger toepads with more lamellae, which are traits that other research has suggested to increase clinging performance. Given prior work demonstrating that urban lizards of this species tend to share this phenotype, we also predicted increased phenotypic overlap between post-hurricane urban–forest pairs. Instead, we found that forest and urban populations alike had smaller body sizes, along with a small size-adjusted decrease in most traits, at 4 months after the hurricane event. Many traits returned to prehurricane values by 11 months post-hurricane. Toe morphology differed in the response to the hurricane between urban and forest populations, with significantly decreased trait values in forest but not in urban populations. This difference could be attributable to the different biomechanical demands of adhesion to anthropogenic substrates compared with natural substrates during intense winds. Overall, more research will be required to understand the impacts of hurricanes on urban species and whether differential natural selection can result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis F De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liam J Revell
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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10
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Rabe AM, Herrmann NC, Culbertson KA, Donihue CM, Prado-Irwin SR. Post-hurricane shifts in the morphology of island lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHurricanes are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity as a result of climate change, but the impacts of these disturbances on the evolutionary trajectories of the species they affect are not yet well understood. In this project, we investigated population-level changes in morphology in the lizard Anolis carolinensis after Hurricane Irma in 2017. We found that anole populations were morphologically distinct after the hurricane, exhibiting significantly longer forelimbs and hindlimbs compared with pre-hurricane measurements. These morphological changes were consistent across two replicate islands and between males and females. The observed morphological shifts were potentially driven by positive selection from Hurricane Irma on clinging capacity. In this opportunistic study, we documented post-hurricane changes in the morphology of island lizards and suggest the potential for increasingly frequent and intense hurricanes to play an important role in natural selection and anole evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Rabe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Nicholas C Herrmann
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Colin M Donihue
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sofia R Prado-Irwin
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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Yuan ML, Jung C, Wake MH, Wang IJ. Habitat use, interspecific competition and phylogenetic history shape the evolution of claw and toepad morphology in Lesser Antillean anoles. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEcologically functional traits are the product of several, at times opposing, selective forces. Thus, ecomorphological patterns can be disrupted locally by biotic interactions, such as competition, and may not be consistent across lineages. Here, we studied the evolution of claws and toepads in relationship to macrohabitat (vegetation), use of structural microhabitat (perch height) and congeneric competition for two distantly related Lesser Antillean anole clades: the Anolis bimaculatus and Anolis roquet series. We collected univariate and geometric morphometric data from 254 individuals across 22 species to test the hypotheses that functional morphology should covary with both vegetation and perch height and that the presence of a competitor may disrupt such covariation. Our data showed predictable associations between morphology and macrohabitat on single-species islands but not when a congeneric competitor was present. The outcomes of competition differed between series, however. In the A. bimaculatus series, species with a sympatric congener diverged in claw and toepad traits consistent with functional predictions, whereas A. roquet series anoles showed either no association between habitat and morphology or the opposite pattern. Our results demonstrated that ecomorphological patterns across macrohabitats can be disrupted by competition-driven microhabitat partitioning and that specific morphological responses to similar ecological pressures can vary between lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine Jung
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marvalee H Wake
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ian J Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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