1
|
Jackson JA, Bajer A, Behnke-Borowczyk J, Gilbert FS, Grzybek M, Alsarraf M, Behnke JM. Remotely sensed localised primary production anomalies predict the burden and community structure of infection in long-term rodent datasets. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5568-5581. [PMID: 37548403 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and cost of zoonotic disease emergence due to global change have led to calls for the primary surveillance of wildlife. This should be facilitated by the ready availability of remotely sensed environmental data, given the importance of the environment in determining infectious disease dynamics. However, there has been little evaluation of the temporal predictiveness of remotely sensed environmental data for infection reservoirs in vertebrate hosts due to a deficit of corresponding high-quality long-term infection datasets. Here we employ two unique decade-spanning datasets for assemblages of infectious agents, including zoonotic agents, in rodents in stable habitats. Such stable habitats are important, as they provide the baseline sets of pathogens for the interactions within degrading habitats that have been identified as hotspots for zoonotic emergence. We focus on the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), a measure of vegetation greening that equates to primary productivity, reasoning that this would modulate infectious agent populations via trophic cascades determining host population density or immunocompetence. We found that EVI, in analyses with data standardised by site, inversely predicted more than one-third of the variation in an index of infectious agent total abundance. Moreover, in bipartite host occupancy networks, weighted network statistics (connectance and modularity) were linked to total abundance and were also predicted by EVI. Infectious agent abundance and, perhaps, community structure are likely to influence infection risk and, in turn, the probability of transboundary emergence. Thus, the present results, which were consistent in disparate forest and desert systems, provide proof-of-principle that within-site fluctuations in satellite-derived greenness indices can furnish useful forecasting that could focus primary surveillance. In relation to the well-documented global greening trend of recent decades, the present results predict declining infection burden in wild vertebrates in stable habitats; but if greening trends were to be reversed, this might magnify the already upwards trend in zoonotic emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Jackson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Bajer
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk
- Department of Forest Pathology, Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Francis S Gilbert
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Mohammed Alsarraf
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy M Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
García MG, de Guinea M, Bshary R, van de Waal E. Drivers and outcomes of between-group conflict in vervet monkeys. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210145. [PMID: 35369750 PMCID: PMC8977665 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighbouring groups compete over access to resources and territories in between-group encounters, which can escalate into between-group conflicts (BGCs). Both the ecological characteristics of a territory and the rival's fighting ability shape the occurrence and outcome of such contests. What remains poorly understood, however, is how seasonal variability in the ecological value of a territory together with fighting ability related to the likelihood of between-group encounters and the extent to which these escalate into conflicts. To test this, we observed and followed four vervet monkey groups in the wild, and recorded the group structure (i.e. size, composition), the locations and the outcomes of 515 BGCs. We then assessed key ecological measures at these locations, such as vegetation availability (estimated from Copernicus Sentinel 2 satellite images) and the intensity of usage of these locations. We tested to what extent these factors together influenced the occurrence and outcomes of BGCs. We found that the occurrence of BGCs increased at locations with higher vegetation availability relative to the annual vegetation availability within the group's home territory. Also, groups engaging in a BGC at locations far away from their home territory were less likely to win a BGC. Regarding group structure, we found that smaller groups systematically won BGCs against larger groups, which can be explained by potentially higher rates of individual free-riding occurring in larger groups. This study sheds light on how the ecology of encounter locations in combination with a group's social characteristics can critically impact the dynamics of BGCs in a non-human primate species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Intergroup conflict across taxa’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gareta García
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, KwaZulu Natal 3115, South Africa.,Department of Eco-Ethology, Faculty of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Miguel de Guinea
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Alexander Silverman Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Redouan Bshary
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, KwaZulu Natal 3115, South Africa.,Department of Eco-Ethology, Faculty of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Erica van de Waal
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, KwaZulu Natal 3115, South Africa.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arce SI, Antoniazzi LR, Fasano AA, Manzoli DE, Gomez M, Sosa CC, Quiroga MA, Lareschi M, Beldomenico PM. Factors associated with prevalence and intensity of the northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) in commercial poultry farms of Argentina. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1281-1293. [PMID: 35314892 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The haematophagous mite Ornithonyssus sylviarum may cause important economic losses in commercial poultry farms whilst also potentially affecting the health of farm workers. The dynamics of this ectoparasite has been linked to several factors, including wild birds, fomites, farm workers, management of hen houses, and host traits. Along two consecutive years, we carried out systematic sampling at three laying hen farms located in Santa Fe province, Argentina, with the aim of identifying factors that may influence O. sylviarum prevalence and intensity. We found that the density of feathers around the hen vent area and the presence of Menoponidae lice were negatively associated with mite abundance. We also found that the density of hens in the cages was negatively associated with mite prevalence, suggesting a possible dilution effect, whereas prior reports found a positive association with hen density. In addition, summer was the season with minimum mite prevalences and intensities, contrary to previous studies in northern farms where warm weather appeared to prompt an increase in mite populations. Another factor associated with mite intensity was age, but this effect varied depending on the season, which hints that the association between hen's age and mites is complex. Basic epidemiological knowledge on O. sylviarum in poultry farms from South America may aid in a more efficient and integrative approach to its control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía I Arce
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Leandro R Antoniazzi
- Instituto de Bio Y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO), Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (UNSa-CONICET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Agustín A Fasano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Darío E Manzoli
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Micaela Gomez
- Facultad de Humanidades Y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudia C Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Martín A Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (UADER), Parana, Argentina
| | - Marcela Lareschi
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos Y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CCT - CONICET - La Plata/Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo M Beldomenico
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Souza Jesus A, de Oliveira-Ramalho ML, El Bizri HR, Valsecchi J, Mayor P. Environmental and biological drivers of prevalence and number of eggs and oocysts of intestinal parasites in red howler monkeys from Central Amazonia. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20210701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Host-parasite relationships can be directly affected by host’s biological aspects and environmental factors, which influence both the survival of infective forms and the incidence of parasites. However, logistical difficulties in accessing biological samples for parasitological studies makes the Amazon Forest into a poorly known region in relation to the dynamic of parasites of wild animals. Here, using 34 red howler monkeys’ biological samples donated by local subsistence hunters from two Amazon habitat types (white-water flooded forest and upland forest) as an opportune alternative, we detected four intestinal parasite taxa infecting this species (two nematodes – Trypanoxyuris sp. and Strongyloides sp., one protozoan – Entamoeba sp. –, and one not-identified trematode, the last just found for white-water flooded forest). Trypanoxyuris was the most prevalent intestinal parasite (56.5% at flooded forest and 54.5% at upland forest). There was no difference between habitat types or individual sex regarding the prevalence for any parasite taxa. On the other hand, we found a strong influence of seasonality, with increasing prevalence of all parasite taxa as the river water level increased. In terms of egg and cyst counts, we found a difference between sexes (females > males, p = 0.002) and habitat types (upland forest > white-water flooded forest, p = 0.02), and a positive relationship with river water level (p = 0.002). Although some of these parasite taxa can be shared between humans and howlers, further investigations are necessary to study the parasites taxonomy thoroughly and to assess the potential zoonotic cross-transmission of these pathogens to local people living in the Amazon. In this study, we unveiled a seasonal effect for howler monkeys’ intestinal parasites, that also might occur in other non-human primates of the Amazon. In addition, our results on periods of high risk of intestinal parasite infection are useful to estimate future impacts of climate change on host-parasite dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamélia de Souza Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém (Pará), Brasil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Miguell Lemos de Oliveira-Ramalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Tefé/Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
- School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos (Loreto), Peru
| | - João Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém (Pará), Brasil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos (Loreto), Peru
- Departamento Sanidad y Anatomía Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sick and tired: sickness behaviour, polyparasitism and food stress in a gregarious mammal. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|