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Yamasaki H, Sugiyama H, Morishima Y, Kobayashi H. Description of Spirometra asiana sp. nov. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) found in wild boars and hound dogs in Japan. Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102798. [PMID: 37659580 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest taxonomy of Spirometra species, six species (lineages) have been tentatively classified as valid. These species are Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, S. folium, S. mansoni, undescribed Spirometra sp. 1, and S. decipiens complex 1 and 2. Among these species, the undescribed species was first discovered as plerocercoid larvae in wild boars in Japan and further studies have confirmed that this species is a new taxon belonging to the genus Spirometra. Here, we describe Spirometra asiana sp. nov., which is difficult to distinguish morphologically from known Spirometra species. However, it is genetically easily distinct from other Spirometra species, thus facilitating identification. We also emphasize that S. mansoni and S. asiana, but not S. erinaceieuropaei, are etiological agents that cause human sparganosis and/or spirometrosis in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishima
- Department of Parasitology National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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2
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Xu FF, Chen WQ, Liu W, Liu SS, Wang YX, Chen J, Cui J, Zhang X. Genetic structure of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) populations in China revealed by a Target SSR-seq method. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:485. [PMID: 36564786 PMCID: PMC9789593 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the plerocercoid of the cestode Spirometra mansoni is the main causative agent of human and animal sparganosis. However, the population genetic structure of this parasite remains unclear. In this study, we genotyped S. mansoni isolates with the aim to improve current knowledge on the evolution and population diversity of this cestode. METHODS We first screened 34 perfect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) using all available omic data and then constructed target sequencing technology (Target SSR-seq) based on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Next, a series of STRUCTURE. clustering, principal component, analysis of molecular variance and TreeMix analyses were performed on 362 worm samples isolated from 12 different hosts in 16 geographical populations of China to identify the genetic structure. RESULTS A total of 170 alleles were detected. The whole population could be organized and was found to be derived from the admixture of two ancestral clusters. TreeMix analysis hinted that possible gene flow occurred from Guizhou (GZ) to Sichuan (SC), SC to Jaingxi (JX), SC to Hubei (HB), GZ to Yunnan (YN) and GZ to Jiangsu (JS). Both neighbor-joining clustering and principal coordinate analysis showed that isolates from intermediate hosts tend to cluster together, while parasites from definitive hosts revealed greater genetic differences. Generally, a S. mansoni population was observed to harbor high genetic diversity, moderate genetic differentiation and a little genetic exchange among geographical populations. CONCLUSIONS A Target SSR-seq genotyping method was successfully developed, and an in-depth view of genetic diversity and genetic relationship will have important implications for the prevention and control of sparganosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Xu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Wen Qing Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Sha Sha Liu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Yi Xing Wang
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Jing Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Jing Cui
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Xi Zhang
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
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3
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Badri M, Olfatifar M, KarimiPourSaryazdi A, Zaki L, Madeira de Carvalho LM, Fasihi Harandi M, Barikbin F, Madani P, Vafae Eslahi A. The global prevalence of
Spirometra
parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2785-2805. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute For Prevention Of Non‐Communicable Diseases Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran
| | - Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Zaki
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Luis Manuel Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Fatemeh Barikbin
- Post Graduate Students of Operative Dentistry, Student Research Committee Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| | - Parisa Madani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute For Prevention Of Non‐Communicable Diseases Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| | - Aida Vafae Eslahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
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4
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Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Sparganosis in Asia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121578. [PMID: 35739914 PMCID: PMC9219546 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larvae (spargana) of the genus Spirometra, which is widely distributed globally and threatens human health. More than 60 species of Spirometra have already been identified, and over 2000 cases have been reported. This review summarizes the prevalence of humans, frogs, snakes, and other animals with spargana. Furthermore, the infection mode, distribution, and site are summarized and analyzed. We also describe the epidemiology, molecular diagnosis, and other aspects which are of considerable significance to preventing sparganum.
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Gong T, Su X, Li F, He J, Chen S, Li W, Xie X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu W. Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Spirometra Tapeworm Isolates from Snakes in Hunan Province, China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1216. [PMID: 35565642 PMCID: PMC9101633 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra tapeworms, is a public health hazard worldwide. The prevalence and genetics of sparganum from snakes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sparganum infection in wild snakes in Hunan province and compared the prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes worldwide. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of collected isolates was analyzed using mitochondrial cytb and cox1 genes. The result shows that the sparganum infection rate in wild snakes (89.50%, 402/449) was higher in Hunan than in other regions. Genetic diversity analysis based on concatenated sequences revealed high genetic diversity but no distinct genetic structure among Spirometra populations. Phylogenetic analysis supported the division of European and Chinese Spirometra isolates and a single species in Chinese Spirometra isolates. The prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes is serious, and the risk of sparganosis should be further publicized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Gong
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyi Su
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Fen Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junlin He
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenchao Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinrui Xie
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yisong Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, Changsha 410128, China
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6
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Čisovská Bazsalovicsová E, Radačovská A, Lavikainen A, Kuchta R, Králová-Hromadová I. Genetic interrelationships of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), the causative agent of sparganosis in Europe. Parasite 2022; 29:8. [PMID: 35148496 PMCID: PMC8837384 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographic distribution of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), the causative agent of food/water-borne sparganosis, is restricted to Europe, where infected canids, felids, mustelids, suids, and reptiles have been documented from Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, and Finland. The main objective of the current study was to map the molecular divergence of S. erinaceieuropaei from Finland using the complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1 mtDNA). Seven cox1 haplotypes were determined in 15 tapeworms from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) from three localities in southern Finland. In addition, the first inter-population study of S. erinaceieuropaei based on currently obtained data on cox1 from Finland and previously published data from Finland, Latvia, Ukraine, and Poland, was performed. The haplotype network showed a star-like pattern without specific subdivision of lineages according to the locality. Samples from Finland, Latvia, and Poland shared several haplotypes and formed the common Baltic lineage. The haplotype of S. erinaceieuropaei from Ukraine was unique and placed on a separate mutational pathway, suggesting a different lineage of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alžbeta Radačovská
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antti Lavikainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Veterinary Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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7
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Kim J, Ock Y, Yang K, Choe S, Park KM, Lee WK, Choi KC, Kim S, Kwak D, Lee SH. First Clinical Cases of Spirometrosis in Two Cats in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:153-157. [PMID: 33951771 PMCID: PMC8106990 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first two clinical cases of spirometrosis caused by Spirometra sp. in cats in Korea. In these two cases, the cats vomited, and long proglottids of tapeworm were recovered. The sick cats presented with anorexia and lethargy. However, they unexpectedly showed no diarrhea, which is the main symptom of spirometrosis. Based on a fecal floatation test as well as morphological and molecular analyses, the parasite was diagnosed as Spirometra sp. The 2 cases were treated with praziquantel. This study suggests regular monitoring of health and deworming in companion animals, even when animals are well cared for, with regular preventive medication. Additionally, spirometrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of gastrointestinal symptoms in Spirometra endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyung Kim
- Shinsegae Animal Medical Center, Yangsan 50653, Korea
| | - Younsung Ock
- Myeonggok Station Animal Hospital, Daegu 42956, Korea
| | - Kihwan Yang
- Shinsegae Animal Medical Center, Yangsan 50653, Korea
| | - Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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8
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Bagrade G, Králová-Hromadová I, Bazsalovicsová E, Radačovská A, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. The first records of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae), a causative agent of human sparganosis, in Latvian wildlife. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:365-371. [PMID: 33174072 PMCID: PMC7846523 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diphyllobothriid tapeworms of the genus Spirometra are causative agents of sparganosis, food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease. They have been recorded in broad spectrum of hosts, including humans, in all continents except Antarctica. Spirometra tapeworms have been intensively studied in several Asian countries; however, they have been rather neglected in Europe. The aim of this study was to provide a pilot screening of Spirometra spp. in Latvia, where data on sparganosis are not available. Tapeworms morphologically identified as diphyllobothriid species were isolated from grey wolves Canis lupus and Eurasian lynxes Lynx lynx from Latvia during the hunting periods 2013-2019. The parasites were subjected to molecular genotyping using sequences of the partial large (LSU rDNA; 615 bp) and small (SSU rDNA; 720 bp) subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene and complete (1566 bp) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of the mitochondrial DNA (cox1 mtDNA). Analyses of both ribosomal subunits of 13 tapeworms revealed no intraspecific variation within the respective rDNA subunits. On the other hand, sequence analysis of mitochondrial cox1 revealed intraspecific polymorphism displayed by 12 cox1 haplotypes. Comparison of the current data with sequences of the corresponding DNA regions deposited in the GenBank revealed 99.3-99.5% (LSU rDNA), 99.2% (SSU rDNA) and 99.6-100% (cox1 mtDNA) identity of studied tapeworms with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, which provided the first confirmation of this diphyllobothriid tapeworm in Latvia. Since S. erinaceieuropaei is probably prevalent in Latvian wildlife and may also occur in other potential host species, further studies are needed in order to acquire complex data on its geographic distribution and transmission in the natural environment of Latvia, as well as on the spectrum of its intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guna Bagrade
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Rigas 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
| | | | - Eva Bazsalovicsová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Radačovská
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
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Kondzior E, Kowalczyk R, Tokarska M, Borowik T, Zalewski A, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. Multispecies reservoir of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) in carnivore communities in north-eastern Poland. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:560. [PMID: 33168087 PMCID: PMC7654582 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is a diphylobothriid tapeworm with a complex life-cycle including definitive, intermediate and paratenic (transport) hosts. Multiple routes of parasite transmission often make it impossible to determine what type of host a specific infected animal is considered to be. Spargana larvae cause sparganosis, a severe food- and water-borne disease mainly found in Asia. In Poland, Spirometra sp. was reported in large carnivores in Białowieża Primeval Forest for the first time in the 1940s and was recently confirmed as S. erinaceieuropaei in several mammals and snakes using molecular methods. Methods In total, 583 carcasses of 9 carnivore species were necropsied between 2013 and 2019 in north-eastern (NE) Poland. The larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei (spargana) were isolated from subcutaneous tissue, counted, and preserved for genetic analyses. We calculated the prevalence and intensity of infection. To assess spatial variation in S. erinaceieuropaei infection probability in NE Poland, we applied a generalized additive model (GAM) with binomial error distribution. To confirm the species affiliation of isolated larvae, we amplified a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene (240 bp in length). Results Spirometra larvae were found in the subcutaneous tissue of 172 animals of 7 species and confirmed genetically as S. erinaceieuropaei. The overall prevalence in all studied hosts was 29.5% with a mean infection intensity of 14.1 ± 33.8 larvae per individual. Native European badgers and invasive raccoon dogs were characterized by the highest prevalence. An analysis of parasite spread showed a spatially diversified probability of infection with the highest values occurring in the biodiversity hot spot, Białowieża Primeval Forest. Conclusions Our study revealed that various mammal species (both native and non-native) can serve as S. erinaceieuropaei reservoirs. The frequency and level of infection may differ between selected hosts and likely depend on host diversity and habitat structure in a given area. Further studies are needed to assess the distribution of the parasite throughout Europe and the environmental and biological factors influencing infection severity in wild mammals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Kondzior
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland. .,Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tokarska
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
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Yamasaki H, Sanpool O, Rodpai R, Sadaow L, Laummaunwai P, Un M, Thanchomnang T, Laymanivong S, Aung WPP, Intapan PM, Maleewong W. Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102181. [PMID: 32898662 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable controversy concerning the taxonomy of species within the genus Spirometra, human sparganosis and spirometrosis mainly in Asia and Europe has long been confidently ascribed to Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Recently, the mitochondrial genomes of purported "S. erinaceieuropaei", "Spirometra decipiens" and "Spirometra ranarum" from Asia have been determined. However, it has been pointed out that the morphological criteria used for identifying these species are unsuitable and thus these identifications are questionable. In the present study, therefore, Spirometra samples from Asia were re-examined based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences and the identification of these species was discussed. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses revealed that: i) two distinct Spirometra species, Type I and Type II, are present in Asia and neither of which is close to likely European "S. erinaceieuropaei"; ii) Type I is genetically diverse and widely distributed, however Type II is known so far from Japan and Korea; iii) "S. decipiens" and "S. ranarum" reported from Asia are conspecific with Type I; iv) Type I is probably conspecific with Spirometra mansoni, and Type II may represent an undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Lakkhana Sadaow
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Mesa Un
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Sakhone Laymanivong
- Centre of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Win Pa Pa Aung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology and Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Kuchta R, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M, Brabec J, Młocicki D, Sałamatin R, Scholz T. Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 72:882-890. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sparganosis is a relatively neglected foodborne and waterborne disease caused by species of the tapeworm genus Spirometra, the global distribution of which has not been sufficiently recognized. Known mainly as a zoonosis of East Asia, its species are native to all inhabited continents including Europe. Spirometra has been reported from numerous wildlife species from 17 European countries, and a critical review confirmed 17 autochthonous and 8 imported human clinical cases. We present the first molecular evidence of the coincident presence of 2 species in Europe and review the current distribution to raise awareness of the parasite in this region. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is restricted to Europe and Spirometra mansoni represents a lineage distributed mainly across Asia and Oceania that reaches Europe. The parasite is common in Eastern Europe and its distribution has potential to expand along with its invasive or migrating mammal hosts, spreading the risks of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana in snakes in Hunan Province, China. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e131. [PMID: 32103785 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis is an important foodborne parasitic zoonosis; however, few reports on the prevalence of snake-infecting plerocercoids from Hunan province in China are available. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of spargana infection in wild snakes from this region in 2018, and identified an astonishing prevalence rate of 91.7% (344/375). Spargana parasites were found in 99.1% of Zaocys dhumnades, 94.1% of Elaphe carinata and 86.7% of Elaphe taeniura. Parasites exhibited various distributions: 50% were located in muscular tissue, 32.1% in subcutaneous tissue and 17.9% in the coelomic cavity. To identify the specific status of spargana collected from wild snakes, partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequences were amplified, sequenced and analysed. Sequence variations for cox1 among all the examined plerocercoids ranged between 0.0 and 2.9%, with 21 variable sites identified (4.71%, 21/446). Phylogenetic analyses identified that all plerocercoids isolated from Hunan province were Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. This is the first report of S. erinaceieuropaei infection in snakes in Hunan province. The risks and harms of sparganosis should be publicized, and illegal wildlife trade should be controlled.
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