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Charoennitiwat V, Chaisiri K, Kanjanapruthipong T, Ampawong S, Chanhome L, Vasaruchapong T, Thaenkham U, Ratnarathorn N. Paracapillaria ( Ophidiocapillaria) siamensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea): a new nematode in Naja kaouthia from Thailand. Parasitology 2024; 151:529-538. [PMID: 38659195 PMCID: PMC11106506 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation, incorporating both morphological and molecular analyses, has unveiled the existence of a hitherto unknown nematode species, Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) siamensis sp. nov., residing in the intestine of the monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia, in the central region of Thailand. This study integrates morphological characteristics, morphometric examination, scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analysis (COI, 18S rRNA and ITS1 genes). The findings place the newly described species within the subgenus Ophidiocapillaria, elucidating its distinctive characteristics, including a frame-like proximal spicule shape, approximate lengths of 19 000 and 22 500 μm with approximate widths of 90 and 130 μm for males and females, 39‒45 stichocytes, elevated lips without protrusion, a dorsal bacillary band stripe with an irregular pattern of bacillary cells and evidence of intestinal infection. These features serve to differentiate it from other species within the same subgenus, notably Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae De, , a species coexisting P. siamensis sp. nov. in the monocled cobra from the same locality. This study addresses the co-infection of the novel species and P. najae within the same snake host, marking the second documented instance of a paracapillariid species in the monocled cobra within the family Elapidae. The genetic characterization supports the formal recognition of P. siamensis sp. nov. as a distinct species, thereby underscoring its taxonomic differentiation within the Capillariidae family. This research identifies and characterizes the new nematode species, contributing valuable insights into the taxonomy of this nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kittipong Chaisiri
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lawan Chanhome
- Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taksa Vasaruchapong
- Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urusa Thaenkham
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Ratnarathorn
- Animal Systematics & Molecular Ecology Laboratory and Applied Animal Science Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liu Q, Lyu B, Xie X, Zeng Y, Guo P. Genomic evidence sheds new light on phylogeny of Rhabdophis nuchalis (sensu lato) complex (Serpentes: Natricidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 189:107893. [PMID: 37536649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable taxonomy and robust phylogeny are essential for the evolution and conservation of organisms. The Rhabdophis nuchalis (sensu lato) complex presently contains three species (R. nuchalis, R. chiwen, R. pentasupralabialis). Although several studies have explored the diversity and phylogeography of this group, certain issues related to systematics and taxonomy remain unresolved. Here, based on genome-wide data, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated from ddRAD-seq and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we re-evaluated the phylogenetic relationships and cryptic diversity of this species group. Our results are generally consistent with previous studies but provide some new insights. Phylogenetic relationship reconstruction based on SNPs and mtDNA revealed that three species in the R. nuchalis (sensu lato) complex did not form a monophyly but each species is well supported as monophyletic lineage in SNP-based analyses. Population structure analyses showed genetic admixture between several species pairs. Additionally, the population in eastern Yunnan, China, was identified as a potential cryptic species and thus described as a new species based on morphological data. From our results and previous studies, we redefined the distribution boundary for each species in the R. nuchalis (sensu lato) species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Xinhong Xie
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Yuechi County, Sichuan 638300, China
| | - Yangmei Zeng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Sichuan 644000, China.
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Guo P, Wang P, Lyu B, Liu Q, Zheng J, Fu C, Wu Y, Shu G, Hou S. Molecular phylogeny reveals cryptic diversity in Sibynophis from China (Serpentes: Sibynophiidae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10367. [PMID: 37529581 PMCID: PMC10375455 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The elucidation of species diversity and distribution is critical within the fields of evolution, genetics, and conservation. The genus Sibynophis contains rare snakes that have historically received little attention. In this study, we conducted comprehensive sampling and use both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to explore Sibynophis species diversity within China. Our findings revealed that S. c. miyiensis should be considered synonymous with S. c. grahami, and S. c. grahami should be gave a specific rank as S. grahami. In addition, we discovered S. triangularis was new to China and Myanmar. Based on the specimens and molecular phylogeny results, we redefined the species distribution boundaries of each Chinese species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food EngineeringYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Ping Wang
- Sichuan Academy of ForestryChengduChina
| | - Bing Lyu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food EngineeringYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Qin Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food EngineeringYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Jieyu Zheng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food EngineeringYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Chunmei Fu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food EngineeringYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Yayong Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food EngineeringYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Guocheng Shu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food EngineeringYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Shaobing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong MountainKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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Yang S, Savitzky AH, Gower DJ, Deepak V, Mori A, Khot R, Shi J, Ding L, Hou M, Xu H, Wang Q, Zhu G. Identity of the holotype and type locality of Rhabdophis leonardi (Wall, 1923) (Colubridae: Natricinae), with notes on the morphology and natural history of the species in southwestern China. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10032. [PMID: 37153019 PMCID: PMC10154373 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The original description of Natrix leonardi (currently Rhabdophis leonardi) by Frank Wall in 1923, based on a specimen from the "Upper Burma Hills," lacked important morphological details that have complicated the assignment of recently collected material. Furthermore, although the holotype was never lost, its location has been misreported in one important taxonomic reference, leading to further confusion. We report the correct repository of the holotype (Natural History Museum, London), together with its current catalog number. We also describe key features of that specimen that were omitted from the original description, and provide new details on the morphology of the species, including sexual dichromatism unusual for the genus, based upon specimens from southern Sichuan, China. Rhabdophis leonardi is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: 15 or 17 DSR at midbody and 6 supralabials; distinct annulus around the neck, broad and red in males, and narrow and orange with a black border in females; dorsal ground color light green or olive; some lateral and dorsal scales possessing black edges, the frequency of black edges gradually increasing from anterior to posterior, forming irregular and ill-defined transverse black bands; eye with prominent green iris; black ventral spots with a red edge, most numerous at midbody but extending halfway down the length of the tail. In southwestern China, this species is frequently found at 1730-2230 m elevation. It has been documented to prey upon anuran amphibians, including toads. A recently published phylogenetic analysis showed this species to be deeply nested with the genus Rhabdophis, as a member of the R. nuchalis Group. That analysis also revealed the existence of two closely related but geographically distinct subclades in the molecular analysis, one of which may represent an unnamed taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Jun Yang
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
| | | | | | - V. Deepak
- Senckenberg Natural History CollectionsDresdenGermany
| | - Akira Mori
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversitySakyoKyotoJapan
| | - Rahul Khot
- Bombay Natural History SocietyFort, MumbaiIndia
| | - Jing‐Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Li Ding
- Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Mian Hou
- Sichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hai‐Yuan Xu
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
| | - Guang‐Xiang Zhu
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
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Ratnarathorn N, Nadolski B, Sumontha M, Hauser S, Suntrarachun S, Khunsap S, Laoungbua P, Radcliffe CA, Vasaruchapong T, Tawan T, Chanhome L. An expanded description, natural history, and genetic variation of the recently described cobra species Naja fuxi Shi et al., 2022. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e89339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The morphological variation, extended distribution, and sequence divergence of a recently described of cobra Naja fuxiShi et al., 2022 captured from mountainous areas in Thailand are evaluated by using molecular and morphological analyses. We investigated the genetic variation and affinities of 72 specimens in the genus Naja by using mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b and control region) and the nuclear DNA gene, C-mos. Morphological examination was conducted for 33 cobra specimens obtained from the northern, western, and north-eastern regions, and data on their natural history were gathered during field surveys. A high degree of genetic differentiation was shown to exist between the cobras collected from lowlands and those from mountainous areas. N. fuxi occurs in uplands bordering Thailand’s Central Basin, whereas the similar looking N. kaouthia Lesson, 1831 is more or less restricted to the lowlands. All phylogenetic and network analyses supported a distinct clade of N. fuxi from north, west, and, north-east regions. In addition, N. fuxi seems to exhibit a split between the north-eastern population and those from the north and west. The range of N. fuxi probably extends far into the mountainous areas of the neighbouring countries Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. Morphologically, N. fuxi in Thailand can be distinguished from all other cobra species in the adjacent Oriental Region. The speciation of cobras in Thailand likely reflects key events in the region’s geographical, climate and environmental history.
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Zeng Y, Li K, Liu Q, Wu Y, Hou S, Zhao G, Nguyen SN, Guo P, Shi L. New insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Chinese
Ovophis
(Serpentes, Viperidae): Inferred from multilocus data. ZOOL SCR 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐Mei Zeng
- College of Life Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering Yibin University Yibin China
| | - Ke Li
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering Yibin University Yibin China
| | - Qin Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering Yibin University Yibin China
| | - Ya‐Yong Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering Yibin University Yibin China
| | - Shao‐Bing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Gui‐Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Sang Ngoc Nguyen
- Institute of Tropical Biology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Peng Guo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering Yibin University Yibin China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Life Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China
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