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Senneby E, Holmberg A, Thörnqvist A, Fraenkel CJ. Decontamination of patient bathroom surfaces with 405 nm violet-blue light irradiation in a real-life setting. J Hosp Infect 2024; 152:93-98. [PMID: 39098393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irradiation with violet-blue light (VBL), in the spectrum of 405-450 nm, has been reported to be effective against pathogenic bacteria. AIM To investigate whether VBL irradiation could reduce the level of surface contamination at seven shared patient bathrooms in two wards at a hospital in Sweden. METHODS Repeated sampling of five separate surfaces (door handle, tap water handle, floor, toilet seat, and toilet armrest) was performed in the bathrooms where 405 nm light-emitting diode spotlights had been installed. A prospective study with a cross-over design was carried out, which included two study periods, first with the spotlights either switched on or off and a second study period with the opposite spotlight status. FINDINGS In total, 665 surface samples were collected during the study (133 samples per surface). Bacterial growth was found in 84% of all samples. The most common findings were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Bacillus spp. The median number of colony-forming units (cfu)/cm2 was 15 (interquartile range: 5-40) for all surfaces. In our main outcome, mean cfu/cm2 of all surfaces in a bathroom, no difference was observed with or without VBL. Clean surfaces (<5 cfu/cm2) were more commonly observed in bathrooms with VBL, also when controlling for confounding factors. No difference was observed in the number of heavily contaminated surfaces. CONCLUSION This study did not safely demonstrate an additive effect on bacterial surface levels when adding VBL to routine cleaning in shared patient bathrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Senneby
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A Holmberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden; Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Thörnqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - C-J Fraenkel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden; Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Astacio JD, Melgarejo P, De Cal A, Espeso EA. Monilinia fructicola genes involved in the cell wall-degrading process in early nectarine infection. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 419:110750. [PMID: 38776709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Brown rot symptoms may be linked to alterations in the gene expression pattern of genes associated with cell wall degradation. In this study, we identify key carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) involved in cell wall degradation by Monilinia fructicola, including pme2 and pme3 (pectin methylesterases), cut1 (cutinase) and nep2 (necrosis-inducing factor). The expression of these genes is significantly modulated by red and blue light during early nectarine infection. The polygalacturonase gene pg1 and the cellulase gene cel1 also exhibit photoinduction albeit to a lesser extent. Red and blue light cause an acceleration in the initial stages of brown rot development caused by M. fructicola on nectarines. Disease symptoms like tissue maceration were evident after an incubation period of 24 h followed by 14 h of light exposition, in contrast to the usual incubation period of 48 to 72 h. Furthermore, the culture media exerts an impact on gene regulation, suggesting a complex interplay between light and nutrient signalling pathways in M. fructicola. In addition, we observe that red light promotes colony growth on a 12 h photoperiod and consistently reduces conidiation. In contrast, blue light hampers growth rate on both the 12 h and the 8 h photoperiod but only diminishes conidiation on the 12 h photoperiod. These findings enhance our comprehension of genes associated with cell wall degradation and the environmental factors influencing brown rot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Astacio
- Grupo de Hongos Fitopatógenos, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Centro Nacional INIA-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Programa Biotecnología y Recursos Genéticos de Plantas y Microorganismos Asociados, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Melgarejo
- Grupo de Hongos Fitopatógenos, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Centro Nacional INIA-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonieta De Cal
- Grupo de Hongos Fitopatógenos, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Centro Nacional INIA-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Antonio Espeso
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular de Aspergillus, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ribeiro RS, Mencalha AL, de Souza da Fonseca A. Could violet-blue lights increase the bacteria resistance against ultraviolet radiation mediated by photolyases? Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:253. [PMID: 37930459 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated bacterial inactivation by radiations at wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm emitted by low-power light sources. The phototoxic activity of these radiations could occur by oxidative damage in DNA and membrane proteins/lipids. However, some cellular mechanisms can reverse these damages in DNA, allowing the maintenance of genetic stability. Photoreactivation is among such mechanisms able to repair DNA damages induced by ultraviolet radiation, ranging from ultraviolet A to blue radiations. In this review, studies on the effects of violet and blue lights emitted by low-power LEDs on bacteria were accessed by PubMed, and discussed the repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage by photoreactivation mechanisms. Data from such studies suggested bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet (405 nm) and blue (425-460 nm) radiations emitted from LEDs. However, other studies showed bacterial photoreactivation induced by radiations at 348-440 nm. This process occurs by photolyase enzymes, which absorb photons at wavelengths and repair DNA damage. Although authors have reported bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet and blue radiations emitted from LEDs, pre-exposure to such radiations at low fluences could activate the photolyases, increasing resistance to DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickson Souza Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 11125964004, Brazil.
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4
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Cerón-Bustamante M, Tini F, Beccari G, Benincasa P, Covarelli L. Effect of Different Light Wavelengths on Zymoseptoria tritici Development and Leaf Colonization in Bread Wheat. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:670. [PMID: 37367606 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici can respond to light by modulating its gene expression. Because several virulence-related genes are differentially expressed in response to light, different wavelengths could have a crucial role in the Z. tritici-wheat interaction. To explore this opportunity, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of blue (470 nm), red (627 nm), blue-red, and white light on the in vitro and in planta development of Z. tritici. The morphology (mycelium appearance, color) and phenotypic (mycelium growth) characteristics of a Z. tritici strain were evaluated after 14 days under the different light conditions in two independent experiments. In addition, bread wheat plants were artificially inoculated with Z. tritici and grown for 35 days under the same light treatments. The disease incidence, severity, and fungal DNA were analyzed in a single experiment. Statistical differences were determined by using an ANOVA. The obtained results showed that the different light wavelengths induced specific morphological changes in mycelial growth. The blue light significantly reduced colony growth, while the dark and red light favored fungal development (p < 0.05). The light quality also influenced host colonization, whereby the white and red light had stimulating and repressing effects, respectively (p < 0.05). This precursory study demonstrated the influence of light on Z. tritici colonization in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minely Cerón-Bustamante
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Espinoza C, Francheschy C, Lagunes I, Mendoza G, Medina ME, Trigos Á. Photosensitizer ability of 5-methoxysterigmatocystin isolated from aquatic fungus Acremonium persicinum. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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6
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Fungal Contamination in Microalgal Cultivation: Biological and Biotechnological Aspects of Fungi-Microalgae Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101099. [PMID: 36294664 PMCID: PMC9605242 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the increasing interest in microalgae as sources of new biomolecules and environmental remediators stimulated scientists’ investigations and industrial applications. Nowadays, microalgae are exploited in different fields such as cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and as human and animal food supplements. Microalgae can be grown using various cultivation systems depending on their final application. One of the main problems in microalgae cultivations is the possible presence of biological contaminants. Fungi, among the main contaminants in microalgal cultures, are able to influence the production and quality of biomass significantly. Here, we describe fungal contamination considering both shortcomings and benefits of fungi-microalgae interactions, highlighting the biological aspects of this interaction and the possible biotechnological applications.
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7
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Dibona-Villanueva L, Fuentealba D. Protoporphyrin IX-Chitosan Oligosaccharide Conjugate with Potent Antifungal Photodynamic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9276-9282. [PMID: 35866700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new chemical conjugate between protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and chitosan oligosaccharides (CH) was prepared and evaluated in vitro as an antifungal agent against Penicillium digitatum. Chemical characterization and photophysical/photochemical studies were conducted. The antifungal effect of the CH-PPIX conjugate was compared to its components (PPIX and CH) and a physical mixture of both, under dark and illuminated conditions. The CH-PPIX conjugate was photostable and inhibited fungal growth with 100% efficiency at a dose of 0.005% w/v under visible light irradiation, while no antifungal activity was observed in the dark. Under the same conditions, CH and PPIX did not display any fungicidal activity, demonstrating the improved properties of the conjugate. Insights into the mechanism of fungal inactivation revealed an efficient spore uptake and photoinduced membrane damage through singlet oxygen generation. This new bioconjugate, which is based on natural components, represents a promising agent for fungicidal formulations based on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Dibona-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Fotobiología, Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Denis Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Fotobiología, Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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8
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Cen Y, Li Y, Zhang P, Liu Z, Huang C, Wang W. The facilitating effect of blue light on the antifungal agent susceptibilities of passaged conidia from the ocular-derived Fusarium solani species complex. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:1651-1665. [PMID: 35094176 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The eye is a light-receiving organ and has anatomical advantages to accept phototherapy. Fungi colonizing on the eyes, which cause ocular mycoses, are affected by daily blue light and could easily accept additional light irritation. Ocular mycoses are recalcitrant and blindness-causing eye diseases, and antifungal agent treatments are insufficient. Our team previously found that blue light could inhibit Fusarium solani hyphal growth but promote conidiation. Here, we investigated the antifungal susceptibilities and biological characteristics of the passaged conidia. Twelve Fusarium solani strains (11 ocular-derived strains and 1 standard laboratory strain) were inoculated under blue light (0.5 mW/cm2) and darkness conditions, respectively, to obtain the passaged conidia of blue light group (n = 12) and darkness group (n = 12). Two groups were tested to determine the growth abilities and in vitro antifungal susceptibilities to five antifungal drugs (voriconazole (VRC), amphotericin B (AMB), terbinafine (TRB), caspofungin (CAS), and 5-flucytosine (5FC)), which were examined by microscopy for morphological observation and spectrophotometry for turbidity analysis. The results showed that blue light group passaged conidia were more sensitive to antifungal drugs (AMB, VRC, TRB, and CAS) compared to darkness group. The MIC50 of VRC significantly decreased after blue light treatment (P < 0.05). The fungal inhibition rate significantly increased for VRC, AMB, and TRB in the low concentration range (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Blue light did not affect germination or hyphal extension of passaged conidia. These results suggested that blue light could facilitate fungal inhibition effect of AMB, VRC, TRB, and CAS and may improve the therapeutic efficiency in VRC and AMB clinical applications. Blue light phototherapy may provide a new adjuvant approach for the treatment of ocular mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Cen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191.
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zdrada J, Stolecka‐Warzecha A, Odrzywołek W, Deda A, Błońska‐Fajfrowska B, Wilczyński S. Impact of IPL treatments on parameters of acne skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:2015-2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julita Zdrada
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Anna Stolecka‐Warzecha
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Wiktoria Odrzywołek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Anna Deda
- Department of Cosmetology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Barbara Błońska‐Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
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10
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Wang D, Kuzma ML, Tan X, He TC, Dong C, Liu Z, Yang J. Phototherapy and optical waveguides for the treatment of infection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114036. [PMID: 34740763 PMCID: PMC8665112 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to seek alternative means for infection control. Optical waveguides are an auspicious delivery method for precise administration of phototherapy. Studies have shown that phototherapy is promising in fighting against a myriad of infectious pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) including biofilm-forming species and drug-resistant strains while evading treatment resistance. When administered via optical waveguides, phototherapy can treat both superficial and deep-tissue infections while minimizing off-site effects that afflict conventional phototherapy and pharmacotherapy. Despite great therapeutic potential, exact mechanisms, materials, and fabrication designs to optimize this promising treatment option are underexplored. This review outlines principles and applications of phototherapy and optical waveguides for infection control. Research advances, challenges, and outlook regarding this delivery system are rigorously discussed in a hope to inspire future developments of optical waveguide-mediated phototherapy for the management of infection and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michelle Laurel Kuzma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Academy of Orthopedics, Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510280, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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11
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Lindner F, Diepold A. Optogenetics in bacteria - applications and opportunities. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6427354. [PMID: 34791201 PMCID: PMC8892541 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics holds the promise of controlling biological processes with superb temporal and spatial resolution at minimal perturbation. Although many of the light-reactive proteins used in optogenetic systems are derived from prokaryotes, applications were largely limited to eukaryotes for a long time. In recent years, however, an increasing number of microbiologists use optogenetics as a powerful new tool to study and control key aspects of bacterial biology in a fast and often reversible manner. After a brief discussion of optogenetic principles, this review provides an overview of the rapidly growing number of optogenetic applications in bacteria, with a particular focus on studies venturing beyond transcriptional control. To guide future experiments, we highlight helpful tools, provide considerations for successful application of optogenetics in bacterial systems, and identify particular opportunities and challenges that arise when applying these approaches in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Ecophysiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Diepold
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Ecophysiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Lioli E, Kollia E, Markaki P, Mitsopoulou CA. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic assessment of new Cu(II)-pq complexes against Aspergillus parasiticus, in dark conditions and under visible irradiation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6415197. [PMID: 34724043 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of food contamination by fungi and aflatoxins; constitutes a serious concern not only for human/animal health but also for agriculture and the economy. Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi and contaminate a variety of foodstuffs. In this context, control of fungal growth and aflatoxin contamination appears to be important. The present study aimed to investigate new Cu(I) and Cu(II)-quinoxaline complexes, namely [Cu(2,2´-pq)(NO3)](NO3) (1), [Cu(2,2´-pq)2(NO3)](NO3)·6H2O (2) and [Cu(2,2΄-pq)2](BF4) (3), where 2,2´-pq is 2-(2'-pyridyl quinoxaline), as antifungal agents against Aspergillus parasiticus. All complexes, the ligand and the starting material Cu(NO3)2-3H2O, regardless of the concentration used, caused inhibition of A. parasiticus growth ranged from 8.52 to 33.33%. The fungal growth inhibition was triggered when irradiation in visible (λ > 400 nm) was continuously applied (range 18.36-57.20%). The highest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the complex [Cu(2,2´-pq)2(NO3)](NO3)·6H2O and for this reason, it was selected to be studied for its ability to suppress aflatoxin B1 produced by A. parasiticus. AFB1 production after the irradiation process was found to be suppressed by 25% compared to AFB1 produced in dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eutuxia Lioli
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kollia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Markaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana A Mitsopoulou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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13
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Zdrada J, Stolecka-Warzecha A, Odrzywołek W, Deda A, Błońska-Fajfrowska B, Wilczyński S. The use of light in the treatment of acne vulgaris-a review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3788-3792. [PMID: 34674364 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topical and oral antibiotic therapy is also a popular method of treatment. The effectiveness of this method is limited by the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. Over the decades since the introduction of antibiotics to treat acne, the resistance levels of bacteria have changed. This defense mechanism is developed evolutionarily. Modifications of antibiotic receptor sites, alteration of drug influx/efflux, or enzymatic degradation are common mechanisms used by bacteria to initiate and strengthen internal antibiotic resistance. The basic chromophores used in light therapy are hemoglobin, melanin, water bound to proteins, and porphyrins. Hemoglobin absorbs light mainly at 580 nm, while melanin absorbs the entire visible spectral range (400-750 nm). Porphyrins are aromatic compounds, classified as photosensitizing substances, intensively absorbing blue light, and to a lesser extent in long visible bands, such as orange and red light. Using IPL makes it possible to cover the maximum light absorption of porphyrins and hemoglobin, therefore it can be an effective tool in the treatment of inflammatory lesions in acne vulgaris. In view of the effectiveness of light therapy and its effect even on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it is worth considering the possibility of using light therapy instead of antibiotic therapy. Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobials, they should be used with caution and as a last resort. The high-energy light treatment act only locally (unlike with antibiotics taken orally) and on a chromophore, such as melanin, hemoglobin, or porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Zdrada
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Stolecka-Warzecha
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Odrzywołek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Deda
- Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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14
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Bapat PS, Nobile CJ. Photodynamic Therapy Is Effective Against Candida auris Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:713092. [PMID: 34540717 PMCID: PMC8446617 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.713092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are increasing in prevalence worldwide. The paucity of available antifungal drug classes, combined with the increased occurrence of multidrug resistance in fungi, has led to new clinical challenges in the treatment of fungal infections. Candida auris is a recently emerged multidrug resistant human fungal pathogen that has become a worldwide public health threat. C. auris clinical isolates are often resistant to one or more antifungal drug classes, and thus, there is a high unmet medical need for the development of new therapeutic strategies effective against C. auris. Additionally, C. auris possesses several virulence traits, including the ability to form biofilms, further contributing to its drug resistance, and complicating the treatment of C. auris infections. Here we assessed red, green, and blue visible lights alone and in combination with photosensitizing compounds for their efficacies against C. auris biofilms. We found that (1) blue light inhibited and disrupted C. auris biofilms on its own and that the addition of photosensitizing compounds improved its antibiofilm potential; (2) red light inhibited and disrupted C. auris biofilms, but only in combination with photosensitizing compounds; and (3) green light inhibited C. auris biofilms in combination with photosensitizing compounds, but had no effects on disrupting C. auris biofilms. Taken together, our findings suggest that photodynamic therapy could be an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy against multidrug resistant C. auris biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S Bapat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Clarissa J Nobile
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
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15
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Akhila PP, Sunooj KV, Aaliya B, Navaf M, Sudheesh C, Sabu S, Sasidharan A, Mir SA, George J, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Application of electromagnetic radiations for decontamination of fungi and mycotoxins in food products: A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Fluorescent Light Energy and Chronic Lesions: A Winning Association. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3667. [PMID: 34277317 PMCID: PMC8277272 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic ulcers represent a challenge for healthcare professionals and a large expense for national health care systems for their difficulty in achieving complete healing and for their high incidence of recurrence. With the progressive aging of the general population, the incidence of these injuries will only increase, further affecting the public health budget, hence the need to find new strategies for their management. The purpose of this study was to share the experience of the Complex Operational Unit of Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital of Padua with fluorescent light energy therapy, outlining its role in the treatment of chronic ulcers in the daily use outside the previous EUREKA study. Methods: In this case series study, we enrolled 15 patients with chronic ulcers of any etiology between January 2018 and July 2019 and we treated them using fluorescence light energy. We evaluated efficacy and safety endpoints reporting data in excel files completed by medical staff during the study. Results: The study confirms the effectiveness of fluorescent light energy inducing chronic ulcer healing, regardless of etiology, or at least preparing the lesions for a skin graft closure surgery. The system showed a low rate of complications established by patient adherence to treatment. Patients also reported a reduction in pain both at home and during outpatient dressings. Conclusion: Based on our experience, fluorescent light energy shows an excellent safety and efficacy profile in chronic ulcers no more responsive to traditional dressings and/or surgery.
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17
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Galo IDC, Prado RP, Santos WGD. Blue and red light photoemitters as approach to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e231742. [PMID: 33787710 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic bacteria acquire resistance to the existing antibiotics has long been considered a dangerous health risk threat. Currently, the use of visible light has been considered a new approach to treat bacterial infections as an alternative to antibiotics. Herein, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of two range of visible light, blue and red, on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two pathogenic bacterial commonly found in healthcare settings-acquired infections and responsible for high rate of morbidity and mortality. Bacterial cultures were exposed to blue or red light (470 nm and 660 nm) provided by light-emitting diodes - LED. The fluencies and irradiance used for blue and red light were 284.90 J/cm2, 13.19 mW/cm2 and 603.44 J/cm2, 27.93 mW/cm2 respectively. Different experimental approaches were used to determine the optimal conditions of light application. Only exposure to blue light for 6 hours was able to inhibit about 75% in vitro growth of both bacterial species after 24 hours. The surviving exposed bacteria formed colonies significantly smaller than controls, however, these bacteria were able to resume growth after 48 hours. Blue light was able to inhibit bacterial growth upon inoculation in both saline solution and BHI culture medium. We can conclude that blue light, but not red light, is capable of temporarily retarding the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D C Galo
- Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - R P Prado
- Universidade Federal de Catalão - UFCAT, Departamento de Medicina, Catalão, GO, Brasil
| | - W G Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Jataí, GO, Brasil
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18
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Dibona-Villanueva L, Fuentealba D. Novel Chitosan-Riboflavin Conjugate with Visible Light-Enhanced Antifungal Properties against Penicillium digitatum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:945-954. [PMID: 33438400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemical conjugate between chitosan (CH) and riboflavin (RF) has been synthesized and characterized via Fourier transform infrared, NMR, and other spectroscopic methods. Photophysical and photochemical properties such as absorption spectra, fluorescence emission, fluorescence anisotropy, and singlet oxygen generation were characterized as well. This new biopolymer-based conjugate was designed to have an antifungal effect enhanced through antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. The antifungal effect of this conjugate (CH-RF) was compared with CH and RF against Penicillium digitatum in vitro. The conjugate showed the highest fungal growth inhibition of all systems tested at a dose of 0.5% w/v. This new biopolymer-based compound could be a promising alternative to fungicides used in citrus fruits postharvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Dibona-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química Biosupramolecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Denis Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Química Biosupramolecular, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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19
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Hadi J, Wu S, Brightwell G. Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance. Foods 2020; 9:E1895. [PMID: 33353056 PMCID: PMC7767196 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light primarily exhibits antimicrobial activity through the activation of endogenous photosensitizers, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that attack components of bacterial cells. Current data show that blue light is innocuous on the skin, but may inflict photo-damage to the eyes. Laboratory measurements indicate that antimicrobial blue light has minimal effects on the sensorial and nutritional properties of foods, although future research using human panels is required to ascertain these findings. Food properties also affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light, with attenuation or enhancement of the bactericidal activity observed in the presence of absorptive materials (for example, proteins on meats) or photosensitizers (for example, riboflavin in milk), respectively. Blue light can also be coupled with other treatments, such as polyphenols, essential oils and organic acids. While complete resistance to blue light has not been reported, isolated evidence suggests that bacterial tolerance to blue light may occur over time, especially through gene mutations, although at a slower rate than antibiotic resistance. Future studies can aim at characterizing the amount and type of intracellular photosensitizers across bacterial species and at assessing the oxygen-independent mechanism of blue light-for example, the inactivation of spoilage bacteria in vacuum-packed meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hadi
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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20
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Light: An Alternative Method for Physical Control of Postharvest Rotting Caused by Fungi of Citrus Fruit. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8821346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar light has fundamental roles in vast chemical, biochemical, and physical process in biosphere and hence been declared as “source of life.” Solar light is further classified into a broad range of electromagnetic waves, and each region in the solar spectrum bears its unique actions in the universe or biosphere. Since centuries, solar light is believed as a potent source of killing pathogens causing postharvest losses on food products as well as human skin diseases. Citrus fruit crops are widely produced and consumed across the world, but due to their higher juicy contents, Penicillium italicum (blue mold) and Penicillium digitatum (green mold) make their entry to decay fruits and cause approximately 80% and 30% fruit losses, respectively. Agrochemicals or synthetic fungicides are highly efficient to control these postharvest fungal pathogens but have certain health concerns due to toxic environmental residues. Therefore, the scientific community is ever looking for some physical ways to eradicate such postharvest fungal pathogens and reduce the yield losses along with maintaining the public health concerns. This review article presents and discusses existing available information about the positive and negative impacts of different spectrums of solar light exposure on the postharvest storage of citrus fruits, especially to check citrus postharvest rotting caused by Penicillium italicum (blue mold) and Penicillium digitatum (green mold). Moreover, a special focus shall be paid to blue light (390–500 nm), which efficiently reduces the decay of fruits, while keeping the host tissues/cells healthy with no known cytotoxicity, killing the fungal pathogen probably by ferroptosis, but indepth knowledge is scanty. The study defines how to develop commercial applications of light in the postharvest citrus industry.
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21
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Galo IDC, Lima BED, Santos TG, Braoios A, Prado RP, Santos WGD. Staphylococcus aureus growth delay after exposure to low fluencies of blue light (470 nm). BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:370-376. [PMID: 32490986 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.226473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges to treat bacterial infections worldwide, leading to increase in medical expenses, prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality. The use of blue light has been suggested as an innovative alternative to overcome this problem. In this study we analyzed the antibacterial effect of blue light using low emission parameters on Staphylococcus aureus cultures. In vitro bacterial cultures were used in two experimental approaches. The first approach included single or fractionated blue light application provided by LED emitters (470 nm), with the following fluencies: 16.29, 27.16 and 54.32 J/cm2. For the second approach a power LED (470 nm) was used to deliver 54.32 J/cm2 fractionated in 3 applications. Our results demonstrated that bacterial cultures exposed to fractionated blue light radiation exhibited significantly smaller sizes colonies than the control group after 24 h incubation, however the affected bacteria were able to adapt and continue to proliferate after prolonged incubation time. We could conclude that the hypothetical clinical use of low fluencies of blue light as an antibacterial treatment is risky, since its action is not definitive and proves to be ineffective at least for the strain used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D C Galo
- Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Regional Jataí, Câmpus Jatobá, Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, 3800, CEP 75801-615, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - B E De Lima
- Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Regional Jataí, Câmpus Jatobá, Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, 3800, CEP 75801-615, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - T G Santos
- Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Regional Jataí, Câmpus Jatobá, Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, 3800, CEP 75801-615, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - A Braoios
- Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Regional Jataí, Câmpus Jatobá, Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, 3800, CEP 75801-615, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - R P Prado
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Regional Catalão, Campus II, Av. Castelo Branco, s/n, Setor Universitário, CEP 75704-020, Catalão, GO, Brasil
| | - W G Dos Santos
- Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Regional Jataí, Câmpus Jatobá, Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, 3800, CEP 75801-615, Jataí, GO, Brasil
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22
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Dual effect of blue light on Fusariumsolani clinical corneal isolates in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1299-1305. [PMID: 32112251 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the effect of daylight-intensity blue light on F. solani isolated from the cornea of patients with fungal keratitis. Spore suspensions of 5 F. solani strains (one standard strain and 4 clinical corneal isolates) were prepared in 6-well plates. Blue light groups were irradiated by a light-emitting diode (LED) device with a peak wavelength of 454 nm at 0.5 mW/cm2 for 0 to 48 h, while the controls were maintained in darkness. Hyphal morphology in the 6-well plates was recorded at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 h. One hundred microliters of spore suspensions of each strain at these five time points was transferred to SGA plates and cultured for 36 h at 29 °C; the number of colonies formed was counted as a measure of conidia quality and viability. Blue light has dual effects on F. solani. The hyphal length of F. solani exposed to blue light was significantly shorter than that of the control (P < 0.01), indicating that fungal growth was inhibited. Meanwhile, instead of reducing the viability of spores, blue light significantly enhanced the conidia quality and viability after at least 24 h irradiation. Daylight-intensity blue light exposure will inhibit the hyphal growth of F. solani but promote conidiation, which would be more harmful to fungal keratitis. Eliminating the influence of blue light for these patients should be taken into account.
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23
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Pieristè M, Chauvat M, Kotilainen TK, Jones AG, Aubert M, Robson TM, Forey E. Solar UV-A radiation and blue light enhance tree leaf litter decomposition in a temperate forest. Oecologia 2019; 191:191-203. [PMID: 31363838 PMCID: PMC6732127 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight can accelerate the decomposition process through an ensemble of direct and indirect processes known as photodegradation. Although photodegradation is widely studied in arid environments, there have been few studies in temperate regions. This experiment investigated how exposure to solar radiation, and specifically UV-B, UV-A, and blue light, affects leaf litter decomposition under a temperate forest canopy in France. For this purpose, we employed custom-made litterbags built using filters that attenuated different regions of the solar spectrum. Litter mass loss and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio of three species: European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), differing in their leaf traits and decomposition rate, were analysed over a period of 7–10 months. Over the entire period, the effect of treatments attenuating blue light and solar UV radiation on leaf litter decomposition was similar to that of our dark treatment, where litter lost 20–30% less mass and had a lower C:N ratio than under the full-spectrum treatment. Moreover, decomposition was affected more by the filter treatment than mesh size, which controlled access by mesofauna. The effect of filter treatment differed among the three species and appeared to depend on litter quality (and especially C:N), producing the greatest effect in recalcitrant litter (F. sylvatica). Even under the reduced irradiance found in the understorey of a temperate forest, UV radiation and blue light remain important in accelerating surface litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pieristè
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France.
| | - Matthieu Chauvat
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France
| | - Titta K Kotilainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4a, 20520, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Alan G Jones
- Earthwatch Institute, Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DE, UK.,Forest Systems, Scion. 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Michaël Aubert
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Estelle Forey
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France
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24
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Can light-based approaches overcome antimicrobial resistance? Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:48-67. [PMID: 30070718 PMCID: PMC6359990 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The relentless rise of antibiotic resistance is considered one of the most serious problems facing mankind. This mini-review will cover three cutting-edge approaches that use light-based techniques to kill antibiotic-resistant microbial species, and treat localized infections. First, we will discuss antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation using rationally designed photosensitizes combined with visible light, with the added possibility of strong potentiation by inorganic salts such as potassium iodide. Second, the use of blue and violet light alone that activates endogenous photoactive porphyrins within the microbial cells. Third, it is used for "safe UVC" at wavelengths between 200 nm and 230 nm that can kill microbial cells without damaging host mammalian cells. We have gained evidence that all these approaches can kill multidrug resistant bacteria in vitro, and they do not induce themselves any resistance, and moreover can treat animal models of localized infections caused by resistant species that can be monitored by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Light-based antimicrobial approaches are becoming a growing translational part of anti-infective treatments in the current age of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Jeong SY, Velmurugan P, Lim JM, Oh BT, Jeong DY. Photobiological (LED light)-mediated fermentation of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit with probiotic bacteria to yield bioactive compounds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Tomb RM, White TA, Coia JE, Anderson JG, MacGregor SJ, Maclean M. Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380-480 nm Violet-Blue Light. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:445-458. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Tomb
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Tracy A. White
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - John E. Coia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Glasgow UK
| | - John G. Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Scott J. MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a blue light (405 nm) could inhibit the growth of Trichopyton mentagrophytes without using a photosensitizing material as part of the treatment protocol. DESIGN Basic physiologic randomized trial using laboratory specimens (T mentagrophytes). INTERVENTIONS/METHODS Plated on a growth medium, T mentagrophytes were exposed to 3 to 5 administrations of blue light at 20 J/cm over 28 hours. Following 7 days of incubation, colony-forming units were counted and compared with nonirradiated controls. RESULTS The study found 3, 4, and 5 administrations of blue light produced significant inhibition of T mentagrophytes (P < .05); 4 and 5 applications produced the greatest inhibition of growth (84.7% and 93.6% kill rates, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The application of 405-nm light at a dose of 20 J/cm is an effective in vitro inhibitor of T mentagrophytes. To give results similar to those seen when a photosensitizing material is included, 3 to 5 applications of this wavelength and dose condition delivered over 28 hours is likely needed.
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28
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Fungicidal effect of combined nano TiO2 with erythrosine for mediated photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans: an in vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41547-017-0014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Murray CK, Hamblin MR, Hooper DC, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of pathogenic microbes: State of the art. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 33-35:1-22. [PMID: 29145971 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As an innovative non-antibiotic approach, antimicrobial blue light in the spectrum of 400-470nm has demonstrated its intrinsic antimicrobial properties resulting from the presence of endogenous photosensitizing chromophores in pathogenic microbes and, subsequently, its promise as a counteracter of antibiotic resistance. Since we published our last review of antimicrobial blue light in 2012, there have been a substantial number of new studies reported in this area. Here we provide an updated overview of the findings from the new studies over the past 5 years, including the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light inactivation of different microbes, its mechanism of action, synergism of antimicrobial blue light with other angents, its effect on host cells and tissues, the potential development of resistance to antimicrobial blue light by microbes, and a novel interstitial delivery approach of antimicrobial blue light. The potential new applications of antimicrobial blue light are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Center, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Digital Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Clinton K Murray
- Infectious Disease Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
The abstract book contains the abstracts of keynote lectures, focus sessions, symposia, workshops, AIUC annual meeting, AISLEC annual meeting, EPUAP annual meeting, ETRS special session, sponsor symposia, oral presentations, poster presentations and the subject index.
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Effects of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Photosensitization on Aflatoxin Producing Aspergillus flavus (Raper and Fennell). Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:5273893. [PMID: 28539938 PMCID: PMC5433414 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5273893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken with an aim of exploring the effectiveness of medicinal plant extracts in the control of aflatoxin production. Antifungal properties, photosensitization, and phytochemical composition of aqueous and organic extracts of fruits from Solanum aculeastrum, bark from Syzygium cordatum, and leaves from Prunus africana, Ocimum lamiifolium, Lippia kituiensis, and Spinacia oleracea were tested. Spores from four-day-old cultures of previously identified toxigenic fungi, UONV017 and UONV003, were used. Disc diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to test the antifungal activity. The spores were suspended in 2 ml of each extract separately and treated with visible light (420 nm) for varying periods. Organic extracts displayed species and concentration dependent antifungal activity. Solanum aculeastrum had the highest zones of inhibition diameters in both strains: UONV017 (mean = 18.50 ± 0.71 mm) and UONV003 (mean = 11.92 ± 0.94 mm) at 600 mg/ml. Aqueous extracts had no antifungal activity because all diameters were below 8 mm. Solanum aculeastrum had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration at 25 mg/ml against A. flavus UONV017. All the plant extracts in combination with light reduced the viability of fungal conidia compared with the controls without light, without extracts, and without both extracts and light. Six bioactive compounds were analyzed in the plant extracts. Medicinal plant extracts in this study can control conidia viability and hence with further development can control toxigenic fungal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Dai
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Hessling M, Spellerberg B, Hoenes K. Photoinactivation of bacteria by endogenous photosensitizers and exposure to visible light of different wavelengths - a review on existing data. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 364:fnw270. [PMID: 27915252 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible light has strong disinfectant properties, a fact that is not well known in comparison to the antibacterial properties of UV light. This review compiles the published data on bacterial inactivation caused by visible light and endogenous photosensitizers. It evaluates more than 50 published studies containing information on about 40 different bacterial species irradiated within the spectral range from 380 to 780 nm. In the available data a high variability of photoinactivation sensitivity is observed, which may be caused by undefined illumination conditions. Under aerobic conditions almost all bacteria except spores should be reduced by at least three log-levels with a dose of about 500 J cm-2 of 405 nm irradiation, including both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. Irradiation of 470 nm is also appropriate for photoinactivating all bacteria species investigated so far but compared to 405 nm illumination it is less effective by a factor between 2 and 5. The spectral dependence of the observed photoinactivation sensitivities gives reason to the assumption that a so far unknown photosensitizer may be involved at 470 nm photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hessling
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Hoenes
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany
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Jeffet U, Nasrallah R, Sterer N. Effect of red dyes on blue light phototoxicity against VSC producing bacteria in an experimental oral biofilm. J Breath Res 2016; 10:046011. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/4/046011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Guffey JS, Payne WC, Motts SD, Towery P, Hobson T, Harrell G, Meurer L, Lancaster K. Inactivation of Salmonella on tainted foods: using blue light to disinfect cucumbers and processed meat products. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 4:878-887. [PMID: 27826438 PMCID: PMC5090652 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness resulting from infectious organisms occurring in vegetables and processed meat is a serious health concern in the United States. Improved and cost-effective techniques for disinfection are needed. Visible light in the blue range (405 nm) was administered to processed meat that had been inoculated with Escherichia coli. One application of light energy at doses of 10, 30, 60, and 100 J/cm2 was applied, in vitro. In the case of vegetables contaminated with Salmonella (cucumbers), 464 nm light was used at 6, 12, and 18 J/cm2. In both cases, after 20 hours of incubation, colony-forming units were counted and compared to controls to determine whether the light energy inhibited growth of E. coli or Salmonella. E. coli - 405 nm light at doses of 30, 60, and 100 J/cm2 were all effective inhibitors of the organism. Kill rates of 75.61 - 96.34% were achieved. Salmonella - 464 nm light at doses of 6, 12, and 18 J/cm2 produced significant inactivation of the organism. Kill rates of 80.23-100% were obtained. Blue light, delivered in the wavelength/dose combinations used in this study is an effective inhibitor of both E. coli and Salmonella on actual foodstuffs. Blue light should be considered as a potentially effective tool in the effort to protect humans from foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stephen Guffey
- Department of Physical Therapy Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
| | - William C Payne
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
| | - Susan D Motts
- Department of Physical Therapy Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
| | - Pam Towery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
| | - Todd Hobson
- Department of Physical Therapy Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
| | - Grafton Harrell
- Department of Physical Therapy Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
| | - Logan Meurer
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
| | - Kristoffer Lancaster
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science Arkansas State University P.O. Box 910 State University Arkansas
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Sherwood ME, Murray CK, Vrahas MS, Hooper DC, Hamblin MR, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of Candida albicans: In vitro and in vivo studies. Virulence 2016; 7:536-45. [PMID: 26909654 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1155015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a common cause of morbidity, mortality and cost in critical care populations. The increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of new therapeutic approaches for fungal infections. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of an innovative approach, antimicrobial blue light (aBL), for inactivation of Candida albicans in vitro and in infected mouse burns. A bioluminescent strain of C. albicans was used. The susceptibilities to aBL (415 nm) were compared between C. albicans and human keratinocytes. The potential development of aBL resistance by C. albicans was investigated via 10 serial passages of C. albicans on aBL exposure. For the animal study, a mouse model of thermal burn infected with the bioluminescent C. albicans strain was used. aBL was delivered to mouse burns approximately 12 h after fungal inoculation. Bioluminescence imaging was performed to monitor in real time the extent of infection in mice. The results obtained from the studies demonstrated that C. albicans was approximately 42-fold more susceptible to aBL than human keratinocytes. Serial passaging of C. albicans on aBL exposure implied a tendency of reduced aBL susceptibility of C. albicans with increasing numbers of passages; however, no statistically significant difference was observed in the post-aBL survival rate of C. albicans between the first and the last passage (P>0.05). A single exposure of 432 J/cm(2) aBL reduced the fungal burden in infected mouse burns by 1.75-log10 (P=0.015). Taken together, our findings suggest aBL is a potential therapeutic for C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Zhang
- a Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic , The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , China.,b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yingbo Zhu
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,d School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jia Chen
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,e Shanghai Dermatology Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,f Department of Laser Medicine , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Margaret E Sherwood
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Clinton K Murray
- g Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston , TX , USA
| | - Mark S Vrahas
- h Department of orthopedic Surgery , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David C Hooper
- i Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,j Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Yassunaka NN, de Freitas CF, Rabello BR, Santos PR, Caetano W, Hioka N, Nakamura TU, de Abreu Filho BA, Mikcha JMG. Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Erythrosine and its Derivatives on Foodborne Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:243-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Sterer N, Jeffet U, Dadoun A, Greenstein RBN, Kohavi D. Zinc enhances the phototoxic effect of blue light against malodour-producing bacteria in an experimental oral biofilm. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1071-1075. [PMID: 24913560 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.075044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral malodour is thought to be caused mainly by the production of volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs) by anaerobic Gram-negative oral bacteria. Previous studies have shown that these bacteria are susceptible to blue light (400-500 nm wavelength). In the present study, we tested the effect of blue light in the presence of zinc, erythrosine B or both on malodour production in an experimental oral biofilm. Biofilms were exposed to a plasma-arc light source for 30, 60 and 120 s (equal to energy fluxes of 41, 82 and 164 J cm(-2), respectively) with or without the addition of zinc acetate, erythrosine B or both. After the light exposure, biofilm samples were examined for malodour production (by an odour judge) and VSC production (with a Halimeter), and VSC-producing bacteria were quantified using a microscopy-based sulfide assay (MSA) and in situ confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that exposing experimental oral biofilm to both blue light and zinc reduced malodour production, which coincided with a reduction in VSC-producing bacteria in the biofilm. These results suggest that zinc enhances the phototoxicity of blue light against malodour-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sterer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39796, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Uziel Jeffet
- Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39796, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aurel Dadoun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39796, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Bar-Ness Greenstein
- Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39796, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Kohavi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39796, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Yin R, Dai T, Avci P, Jorge AES, de Melo WCMA, Vecchio D, Huang YY, Gupta A, Hamblin MR. Light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet C irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:731-62. [PMID: 24060701 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, researchers are investigating alternative anti-infective strategies to which it is supposed microorganisms will be unable to develop resistance. Prominent among these strategies, is a group of approaches which rely on light to deliver the killing blow. As is well known, ultraviolet light, particularly UVC (200-280 nm), is germicidal, but it has not been much developed as an anti-infective approach until recently, when it was realized that the possible adverse effects to host tissue were relatively minor compared to its high activity in killing pathogens. Photodynamic therapy is the combination of non-toxic photosensitizing dyes with harmless visible light that together produce abundant destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Certain cationic dyes or photosensitizers have good specificity for binding to microbial cells while sparing host mammalian cells and can be used for treating many localized infections, both superficial and even deep-seated by using fiber optic delivered light. Many microbial cells are highly sensitive to killing by blue light (400-470 nm) due to accumulation of naturally occurring photosensitizers such as porphyrins and flavins. Near infrared light has also been shown to have antimicrobial effects against certain species. Clinical applications of these technologies include skin, dental, wound, stomach, nasal, toenail and other infections which are amenable to effective light delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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