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Zhao C, Li Y, Chen Q, Guo Y, Sun B, Liu D. Effect of organic acids on fermentation quality and microbiota of horseshoe residue and corn protein powder. AMB Express 2024; 14:58. [PMID: 38761313 PMCID: PMC11102418 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the impact of malic acid (MA) and citric acid (CA) on the nutritional composition, fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate, and microbial diversity of a mixture of apple pomace and corn protein powder during ensiling. The experiment used apple pomace and corn protein powder as raw materials, with four groups: control group (CON), malic acid treatment group (MA, 10 g/kg), citric acid treatment group (CA, 10 g/kg), and citric acid + malic acid treatment group (MA, 10 g/kg + CA, 10 g/kg). Each group has 3 replicates, with 2 repetitions in parallel, subjected to mixed ensiling for 60 days. The results indicated: (1) Compared to the CON group, the crude protein content significantly increased in the MA, CA, and MA + CA groups (p < 0.05), with the highest content observed in the MA + CA group. The addition of MA and CA effectively reduced the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the CA group showed a decreasing trend in NDFom and hemicellulose content (p = 0.08; p = 0.09). (2) Compared to the CON group, the pH significantly decreased in the MA, CA, and MA + CA groups (p < 0.01), and the three treatment groups exhibited a significant increase in lactic acid and acetic acid content (p < 0.01). The quantity of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly (p < 0.01), with the MA + CA group showing a more significant increase than the MA and CA groups (p < 0.05). (3) Compared to the CON group, the in situ dry matter disappearance (ISDMD) significantly increased in the MA, CA, and MA + CA groups (p < 0.05). All three treatment groups showed highly significant differences in in situ crude protein disappearance (ISCPD) compared to the CON group (p < 0.01). (4) Good's Coverage for all experimental groups was greater than 0.99, meeting the conditions for subsequent sequencing. Compared to the CON group, the Shannon index significantly increased in the CA group (p < 0.01), and the Simpson index increased significantly in the MA group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the Chao index among the three treatment groups and the CON group (p > 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Lentilactobacillus in the MA, CA, and MA + CA groups was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). PICRUSt prediction results indicated that the metabolic functional microbial groups in the CA and MA treatment groups were significantly higher than in the CON group (p < 0.05), suggesting that the addition of MA or CA could reduce the loss of nutritional components such as protein and carbohydrates in mixed ensilage. In conclusion, the addition of malic acid and citric acid to a mixture of apple pomace and corn protein powder during ensiling reduces nutritional losses, improves fermentation quality and rumen degradation rate, enhances the diversity of the microbial community in ensiled feed, and improves microbial structure. The combined addition of malic acid and citric acid demonstrates a superior effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Qiong Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Baoli Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Su R, Ke W, Usman S, Bai J, Akhavan Kharazian Z, Guo X. Dry matter content and inoculant alter the metabolome and bacterial community of alfalfa ensiled at high temperature. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3443-3457. [PMID: 37099058 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa silage fermentation quality, metabolome, bacterial interactions, and successions as well as their predicted metabolic pathways were explored under different dry matter contents (DM) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculations. Silages were prepared from alfalfa with DM contents of 304 (LDM) and 433 (HDM) g/kg fresh weight and inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum, LP), Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus, PP), or sterile water (control). The silages were stored at a simulated hot climate condition (35°C) and sampled at 0, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days of fermentation. The results revealed that HDM significantly improved the alfalfa silage quality and altered microbial community composition. The GC-TOF-MS analysis discovered 200 metabolites in both LDM and HDM alfalfa silage, mainly consisting of amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and alcohols. Compared with LP and control, PP-inoculated silages had increased concentrations of lactic acid (P < 0.05) and essential amino acids (threonine and tryptophan) as well as decreased pH, putrescine content, and amino acid metabolism. However, alfalfa silage inoculated with LP had higher proteolytic activities than control and PP-inoculated silage, as revealed by a higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and also upregulated amino acid and energy metabolism. HDM content and P. pentosaceus inoculation significantly altered the composition of alfalfa silage microbiota from 7 to 60 days of ensiling. Conclusively, these results indicated that inoculation with PP exhibited great potential in enhancing the fermentation of silage with LDM and HDM via altering the microbiome and metabolome of the ensiled alfalfa, which could help in understanding and improving the ensiling practices under hot climate conditions. KEY POINTS: • HDM improved fermentation quality and declined putrescine content of alfalfa silage • P. pentosaceus inoculation enhanced the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage • P. pentosaceus is an ideal inoculant for alfalfa silage under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Samaila Usman
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bai
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zohreh Akhavan Kharazian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Chen C, Xin Y, Li X, Ni H, Zeng T, Du Z, Guan H, Wu Y, Yang W, Cai Y, Yan Y. Effects of Acremonium cellulase and heat-resistant lactic acid bacteria on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community structure of hybrid elephant grass silage in humid and hot areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1066753. [PMID: 36478860 PMCID: PMC9719956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To better evaluate the effects of Acremonium cellulase (AC) and previously screened heat-resistant Lactobacillus plantarum 149 (LP149) on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community during ensiling in humid and hot areas, this study used a small-scale fermentation system to prepare hybrid elephant grass silage at 30 and 45°C, respectively. Compared to control and commercial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), the addition of AC or strain LP149 decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose and increased the contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose during fermentation. Furthermore, AC and LP149 treatments altered the microbial communities' structure during ensiling. AC treatment provided more substrate for microbial fermentation, resulting in an increase in bacterial alpha diversity. LP149 treatment increased the Lactobacillus abundance and optimized the bacterial community compositions. In addition, AC and LP149 treatments had higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents and lower (P < 0.05) pH, butyric acid, and NH3-N levels compared to the control. These results indicated that AC and strain LP149 are promising silage additives that can promote lignocellulose degradation and improve the fermentation quality of hybrid elephant grass in humid and hot areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafen Xin
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Ni
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tairu Zeng
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaochang Du
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Forage Efficient Conversion and Utilization, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Crop, Livestock and Environmental Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Exploring the Epiphytic Microbial Community Structure of Forage Crops: Their Adaptation and Contribution to the Fermentation Quality of Forage Sorghum during Ensiling. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090428. [PMID: 36134971 PMCID: PMC9495736 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of epiphytic microbiota from different forages on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community structure of forage sorghum silage were investigated. The gamma irradiated sterilized forage sorghum was treated through sterile water, epiphytic microbiota of forage sorghum (FSm), Sudan grass (SDm), Napier grass (NPm), and maize (MZm). NPm and SDm inoculated silages showed similar pH value and lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) contents at day 3 and 60 of ensiling. The final silage of FSm and MZm showed lower (p < 0.05) pH and AA content and a higher LA content compared to the NPm and SDm silages. Bacterial species from the Weisella genus were predominantly present in FSm, NPm, and SDm, while Lactococcus dominated the MZm silage during early ensiling. Lactobacillus was predominant in all inoculated terminal silages. Overall, the four inoculated microbiota decreased the pH value of silage and were dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB); however, the NPm and SDm treatments resulted in comparatively higher AA contents which could have an inhibitory effect on the secondary fermentation developed by the yeast and enhanced the aerobic stability of forage sorghum silage.
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Fu Z, Sun L, Hou M, Hao J, Lu Q, Liu T, Ren X, Jia Y, Wang Z, Ge G. Effects of different harvest frequencies on microbial community and metabolomic properties of annual ryegrass silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971449. [PMID: 36110305 PMCID: PMC9468666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the fermentation quality, microbial community, and metabolome characteristics of ryegrass silage from different harvests (first harvest-AK, second harvest-BK, and third harvest-CK) and analyzed the correlation between fermentative bacteria and metabolites. The bacterial community and metabolomic characteristics were analyzed by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), respectively. After 60 days of ensiling, the pH of BK was significantly lower than those of AK and CK, and its lactic acid content was significantly higher than those of AK and CK. Lactiplantibacillus and Enterococcus genera dominate the microbiota of silage obtained from ryegrass harvested at three different harvests. In addition, the BK group had the highest abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (58.66%), and the CK group had the highest abundance of Enterococcus faecalis (42.88%). The most annotated metabolites among the differential metabolites of different harvests were peptides, and eight amino acids were dominant in the composition of the identified peptides. In the ryegrass silage, arginine, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate biosynthesis had the highest enrichment ratio in the metabolic pathway of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Valyl-isoleucine and glutamylvaline were positively correlated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. D-Pipecolic acid and L-glutamic acid were positively correlated with Levilactobacillus brevis. L-phenylalanyl-L-proline, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(2-methoxybenzoyloxy) oxane-2-carboxylic acid, and shikimic acid were negatively correlated with Levilactobacillus brevis. In conclusion, this study explains the effects of different harvest frequencies on the fermentation quality, microbial community, and metabolites of ryegrass, and improves our understanding of the ensiling mechanisms associated with different ryegrass harvesting frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Fu
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Meiling Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tingyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Ren
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - ZhiJun Wang
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Li H, Guan H, Jia Z, Liu W, Ma X, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhou Q. Freeze–thaw condition limits the fermentation process and accelerates the aerobic deterioration of oat (Avena sativa) silage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:944945. [PMID: 35935231 PMCID: PMC9355534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.944945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of freeze–thaw condition on the fermentation characteristics, microbial community, and aerobic stability of oat (Avena sativa) silage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Oat forage was harvested at milk ripening stage, ensiled in vacuum-sealed bags, and then stored at (1) a constant temperature of 20°C, as a control (20 group) or (2) subjected to freeze–thaw condition (alternating 20 and −5°C every 12 h; S group). The quality and microbial community in the silage were measured after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days of ensiling, and the aerobic stability was measured after 60 days of ensiling at room temperature or at the two treatment temperatures. The results showed that the higher the pH, the lower the concentration of lactic acid and the ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid of the samples under freeze–thaw condition, as compared to those stored at 20°C. The dry matter content of 20 groups was significantly higher than S group (p < 0.05). While ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) had no significant difference between two groups. Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., and Weissella spp. were the most prevalent bacterial genera in all groups. The abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the 20 group was the highest on day 3 of ensiling (p < 0.05), and it reached the peak on day 14 in the S group, but the abundance in the S group did not exceed 50% during whole fermentation process. The abundance of Enterobacterales and the count of Escherichia coli in the S group was significantly higher than 20 group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the lactic acid concentration was significant correlated with Lactobacillus spp. in 20 group, while correlated with Leuconostoc spp. in S group. The aerobic stability of the S group was lower than that of the 20 group (p < 0.05). The present study indicates that the freeze–thaw condition led to insufficient fermentation degree of silage by limiting the fermentation of Lactobacillus spp. and severely reduced the aerobic stability of oat silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qingping Zhou,
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Cui X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Jiao F, Gan T, Lin Z, Huang Y, Wang H, Liu S, Bao L, Su C, Qian Y. Optimized Ensiling Conditions and Microbial Community in Mulberry Leaves Silage With Inoculants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:813363. [PMID: 35722340 PMCID: PMC9201477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.813363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves (ML) are a promising alternative fodder source due to their high protein content and the abundance of active components. A test of three inoculants in various combinations revealed that high-quality ML silage was produced at an inoculum ratio of 1:1:0 (50% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 50% Lactobacillus plantarum, and 0% Bacillus subtilis). Using dry matter (DM) loss, pH, ammonia-N and amino acid contents, total antioxidant activity, and total flavonoids content to evaluate silage quality, this inoculant mixture was shown to produce high-quality silage within a range of inoculum size (5–15%), moisture contents (50–67%), ensiling temperatures (27–30°C), and ensiling duration (14–30 days). A third trial comparing silages produced after 30 days at 28°C and 50% moisture content revealed that silage E, prepared using an L. plantarum inoculant alone, displayed the lowest DM loss and pH, and low bacterial diversity, and it was dominated by Lactobacillus (88.6%), with low abundance of Enterobacter (6.17%). In contrast, silage B5, prepared with equal ratios of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae, was dominated by Enterococcus (67.16%) and Lactobacillus (26.94%), with less marked yeast persistence, and reducing the DM content from 50 to 40% altered these relative abundances to 5.47 and 60.61, respectively. Control silages produced without an inoculant had the highest pH and ammonia-N content (indicative of poor quality), had the lowest antioxidant activity, had higher bacterial diversity, and were dominated by Carnobacterium (74.28%) and Enterococcus (17.3%). In summary, ensiling of ML conditions with proper inoculants yielded high-quality silage with a favorable microbial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Minjuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiantian Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hexin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lijun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yonghua Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Chai J, Gong W, Bai J, Ju Z, Zhao G. Dry matter recovery, ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of oat silage treated with microbial inoculants at different temperatures. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:175-190. [PMID: 36661072 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2022.2155392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of temperature and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on oat silage in Loess Plateau of China, oat was harvested at dough stage, inoculated without (Control) or with LAB inoculants Synlac I (SLI, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pedioccocus acidilactici) and a selected strain HT1 (L. rhamnosus) and ensiled at 25°C (T25), 35°C (T35) and 45°C (T45). The fermentation quality was measured after 60 d of ensiling and the aerobic exposure was conducted at 30°C for 9 d. The results showed that control silage (stored at 25°C) had better fermentation quality than that ensiled at 35°C or 45°C. High temperature of 45°C resulted in sharp decreases in LAB counts and lactic acid concentration and increases in pH and NH3-N concentration in the control group. Inoculation improved the fermentation quality, and HT1 was more effective than SLI at 35°C and 45°C, while SLI showed better performance at 25°C. All silages displayed mild fluctuation for all treatments at the first 3 d of aerobic exposure, and significant differences were observed among treatments after that. Both control and inoculated silages stored at 25°C showed a sharp pH increase, while HT1 treated silages stored at 35°C and 45°C maintained stable pH and better fermentation quality during the aerobic exposure. In conclusion, SLI was suitable for oat silage fermentation at normal atmospheric temperature (25°C), while HT1 was more effective in improving DM recovery, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oat silage at high temperature during summer in the Loess Plateau of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikuan Chai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Gong
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeliang Ju
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Effects of Mulberry Leaves and Pennisetum Hybrid Mix-Silage on Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The silage quality and bacterial community of hybrid Pennisetum (P. hydridum × P. americanum) with or without 30% and 50% mulberry leaves for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days were investigated. Results showed that compared with the 100% hybrid Pennisetum group, more lactic acid (40.71 vs. 80.81 g/kg dry matter (DM)), acetic acid (10.99 vs. 31.84 g/kg DM), lactic acid bacteria (8.46 vs. 8.51 log10 cfu/g fresh matter), water-soluble carbohydrates (2.41 vs. 4.41 g/100 g DM), crude protein (4.97 vs. 10.84 g/100 g DM), and true protein (3.91 vs. 8.52 g/100 g DM) content as well as less neutral detergent fiber (67.30 vs. 47.26 g/100 g DM), acid detergent fiber (33.85 vs. 25.38 g/100 g DM), and yeast counts (4.78 vs. 2.39 log10 cfu/g fresh matter) and an appropriate pH (3.77 vs. 4.06) were found in silages added with 50% mulberry leaves at 30 days of ensiling. Moreover, the addition of mulberry leaves also influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial community. The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria decreased when mulberry leaves were added. Weissella and Lactobacillus abundance also increased. To sum up the above, mixing with 50% mulberry leaves yielded the greatest fermentation quality in this study. In conclusion, mixing with mulberry leaves could be a reasonable way to improve the quality of hybrid Pennisetum silage.
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Xiong Y, Xu J, Guo L, Chen F, Jiang D, Lin Y, Guo C, Li X, Chen Y, Ni K, Yang F. Exploring the Effects of Different Bacteria Additives on Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community and In Vitro Gas Production of Forage Oat Silage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091122. [PMID: 35565552 PMCID: PMC9100174 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Forage oat is an important feed resource in the world. Few studies on the application of different bacterial additives in forage oat silage have been found, which limits the utilization and promotion of oat silage in animal husbandry. In this study, we compared the fermentation quality and in vitro gas production of oat silage treated with four additives (Lactiplantibacillusplantarum F1,LP; Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus XJJ01, LR; Lacticaseibacillusparacasei XJJ02, LC; and Propionibacterium acidipropionici 1.1161, PP). The results show that compared to the CK group (without additives), the LR group had a higher dry matter content, while the LP group showed an improvement in fermentation quality. At the same time, the bacterial community in the LR group was also different from that in other groups. The treatments of PP and LC had no significant effects on fermentation quality, but the in vitro gas production was significantly reduced in the treated oat silage. These results could help us to optimize the utilization of forage oat silage in balanced ruminant diets. Abstract Bacterial inoculants are considered as a good choice for successful ensiling, playing a key role in improving the silage quality. However, the potential of different bacteria, especially the propionic acid bacteria, in forage oat ensiling is yet to be explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation effects of different bacterial additives on the fermentation quality of forage oat silage. Four additives (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum F1, LP; Lacticaseibacillus 0rhamnosus XJJ01, LR; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei XJJ02, LC; and Propionibacterium acidipropionici 1.1161, PP; without additives, CK) were inoculated in forage oat silage, and the fermentation quality and organic compounds were determined after 60 days of ensiling. Notably, LR showed higher dry matter preservation compared to other additives and CK. In addition, LP and LR showed strong lactic acid synthesis capacity, resulting in lower pH compared to other additives and CK. The treatments of PP and LC increased the bacterial diversity in silage, while the bacterial community in the LR group was different from that in other groups. In addition, the PP- and LC-treated oat silage showed significantly lower total in vitro gas production and a lower methane content. These results suggest that LP is more favorable for producing high-quality oat silage than LR, LC, or PP. Both the PP- and LC- treated oat silage may reduce rumen greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Jingjing Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Dedai Jiang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Yanli Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Chunze Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Donghan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Fuqing City, Fujian 350300, China;
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62733052
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Effect of phenyllactic acid on silage fermentation and bacterial community of reed canary grass on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:83. [PMID: 35354370 PMCID: PMC8966296 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of phenyllactic acid as an additive on silage fermentation and bacterial community of reed canary grass (RCG, Phalaris arundinacea L.) on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. At the heading stage, RCG was harvested, chopped and ensiled in small bag silos. The silage was treated without (control, 1.0 g/mL sterile water, on a fresh matter basis (FM)) or with phenyllactic acid (PLA, 3 mg/mL, FM), antimicrobial additive (PSB, a mixture of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, 2%, FM), lactic acid bacteria inoculant (LABi, L. plantarum + L. curvatus, 1 × 106 cfu/g, FM) and PLA + LABi, and then stored in a dark room at the ambient temperature (5 ~ 15 °C) for 60 days. Results Compared with control, PLA decreased lactic acid, acetic acid and ammonia-N contents, and subsequently increased CP content of RCG silage. PLA enhanced the growth of lactic acid bacteria and reduced the count of yeasts (P < 0.05) in RCG silage, with reduced bacterial richness index (Chao1), observed operational taxonomic units and diversity index (Simpson). In relative to control, moreover, PLA and PLA + LABi increased the relative abundance of Lactococcus in RCG silage by 27.73 and 16.93%, respectively. Conclusions Therefore, phenyllactic acid at ensiling improved nutritional quality of RCG silage by advancing the disappearance of yeasts and the dominance of Lactococcus.
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Mejía-Avellaneda LF, Suárez H, Jiménez H, Mesa L. Challenges and opportunities for the production of lactic acid bacteria inoculants aimed for ensiling processes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1028-1044. [PMID: 34706613 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1988508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of bacterial inoculants for ensiling based on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to obtain conserved forages has become an alternative for the improvement of milk and meat productivity in cattle, specifically by optimizing the nutritional and microbial quality of animal feed. LAB inoculant production involves microbial and technological aspects such as biomass obtention, the use of cocultures, the inclusion of probiotics, the production of antimicrobial peptides, operational methods used in bioreactors, and the formulation of the end product to be commercialized to farmers. This review explores the technical aspects of the manufacture of bacterial inoculants, from the main features desired in LAB for ensiling purposes to the alternatives of the bioprocess involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Mejía-Avellaneda
- Departamento de Bioproductos, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Sede Central, Mosquera, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA) - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Héctor Suárez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA) - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Hugo Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioproductos, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Sede Central, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Leyanis Mesa
- Departamento de Bioproductos, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Sede Central, Mosquera, Colombia
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You S, Du S, Ge G, Wan T, Jia Y. Microbial Community and Fermentation Characteristics of Native Grass Prepared Without or With Isolated Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Mongolian Plateau. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731770. [PMID: 34659159 PMCID: PMC8517267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the native grass and naturally fermented silage from the Mongolian Plateau. The effect of selected strains on bacterial community and quality of native grass silage was also studied. Strains XM2, 265, and 842 could grow normally at 15°C–30°C, pH 4.0–8.0, and NaCl 3 and 6.5%; they were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Latilactobacillus graminis, by sequencing 16S rRNA, respectively. The three strains (XM2, 265, and 842) and one commercial additive (L) were used as inoculants and singularly added to the native grass. Compared to the control, the dry matter content was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in L and XM2 groups. The water-soluble carbohydrate content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control than in other groups. Compared with the control, the crude protein and ammonia nitrogen contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in the LAB-treated groups, and the acid and detergent fiber contents were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the L and XM2 groups than those in other groups. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the pH value, lactic acid content, and lactic acid-to-acetic acid ratio in L and XM2 groups than in other groups. Compared with the control, the number of LAB was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in LAB-treated silages, whereas no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed in yeast and aerobic bacteria in all groups. Compared to the control, the Shannon index was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Simpson and Chao1 were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed clear separation of the bacterial community in fresh materials and LAB-treated silages. Besides, compared to the control, the principal coordinate analysis of LAB-treated silages was also separate. After 30 days of fermentation, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and was the primary phylum in all silages. Compared with the control, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteriawas significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in L and XM2 groups. In contrast, no significant differences were observed among control, 265, and 842 groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Pediococcus, and Weissella was increased and dominated the native grass fermentation. Compared with the control, the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in L, XM2, and 842 groups, while no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between the control and 265 groups. The abundance of Pediococcus was higher than that in other groups. Consequently, the results demonstrated that LAB significantly influenced silage fermentation by reconstructing microbiota, and Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in the native grass silages. Furthermore, the results showed that strain XM2 could effectively improve the silage quality, and it is considered a potential starter for the native grass silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan You
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Shah AA, Qian C, Liu Z, Wu J, Sultana N, Mobashar M, Wanapat M, Zhong X. Evaluation of biological and chemical additives on microbial community, fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and in vitro gas production of SuMu No. 2 elephant grass. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5429-5436. [PMID: 33683701 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical additives on microbial community, fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and in vitro gas production of SuMu No. 2 elephant grass. RESULTS Aerobic bacteria and yeast were not affected on days 5 and 7 but were significantly (P < 0.224) reduced on days 14, 30, and 60, whereas lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria were significantly (P > 0.001) higher in all ensiling days within all treatment groups. During the ensiling days, the pH, acetic acid, butyric acid, and yeast were decreased in all treatment groups, whereas the Lactobacillus plantarum group and L. plantarum + natamycin group were highly significantly (P > 0.001) decreased. During air exposure, the water-soluble carbohydrates, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, and acetic acid were not affected on days 1-4, whereas pH and aerobic bacteria (were significantly (P < 0.05) increased on days 2-4. The addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and natamycin increased the gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro neutral detergent fiber of SuMu No. 2 elephant grass silages. CONCLUSIONS The addition of biological and chemical additives, such as L. plantrum alone and the combination with natamycin, affected the undesirable microbial community, fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and in vitro gas of SuMu No. 2 elephant grass. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assar Ali Shah
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chen Qian
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Juanzi Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nighat Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mobashar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Xiaoxian Zhong
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Pitiwittayakul N, Bureenok S, Schonewille JT. Selective Thermotolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Effects on Fermentation Quality of Stylo Silages. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673946. [PMID: 34381426 PMCID: PMC8350162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented juice of tropical crops such as Napier grass, Ruzi grass, Purple guinea grass, Stylo legume, and Leucaena and their application to improve the quality of tropical crop silage. Fifteen strains of LAB were isolated. The LAB strains were Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria and could be divided into three groups, i.e., Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactiplantibacillus (para)plantarum, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum according to the biochemical API 50CH test. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, the strains isolated in the group L. (para)plantarum were distinguished. Two isolates (N3 and G4) were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Three isolates (St1, St2, and St3) were identified as L. paraplantarum. In addition, the identification of other isolates was confirmed in the group P. pentosaceus (R1, R4, R5, R8, R11, and L1) and the group L. fermentum (N4, G6, G7, and N4). All selected strains were able to grow at 50°C. All LAB strains showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. Four selected LAB strains (St1, St3, N4, and R4) were tested for their capacity to successfully ensile Stylo legume (Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT184). Stylo silages treated with LAB were well preserved, the NH3–N and butyric acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content was higher than those in the control (p < 0.05). The acetic acid content was the highest in R4-treated silage among the treatments (p < 0.05). The crude protein (CP) content of St1-silage was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the others. The inoculation of thermotolerant LAB selected from fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) was found to be highly instrumental to obtain well-preserved silage from the Stylo legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Pitiwittayakul
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Smerjai Bureenok
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jan Thomas Schonewille
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Guan H, Shuai Y, Yan Y, Ran Q, Wang X, Li D, Cai Y, Zhang X. Microbial Community and FermentationDynamics of Corn Silage Prepared withHeat-Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria in a HotEnvironment. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E719. [PMID: 32408707 PMCID: PMC7285033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a silage fermentation technique to adapt to global climate changes, the microbiome and fermentation dynamics of corn silage inoculated with heat-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) under high-temperature conditions were studied. Corn was ensiled in laboratory silo, with and without two selected strains, Lactobacillus salivarius LS358 and L. rhamnosus LR753, two type strains L. salivarius ATCC 11741Tand L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469T. The ensiling temperatures were designed at 30 °C and 45 °C, and the sampling took place after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 60 days of fermentation. The higher pH and dry matter losses were observed in the silages stored at 45 °C compared to those stored at 30 °C. Silages inoculated with strains LS358 and LR753 at 30 °C had a lower ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid. The dominant bacterial genera gradually changed from Pediococcus and Lactobacillus to Lactobacillus in silages during ensiling at 30 °C, while the bacterial community became more complex and fragmented after 7 d of ensiling at 45 °C. The high temperatures significantly led to a transformation of the LAB population from homo-fermentation to hetero-fermentation. This study is the first to describe microbial population dynamics response to high temperature during corn ensiling, and the results indicate that L. rhamnosus 753 shows potential ability to improve silage fermentation in tropics and subtropics. bacteria community; fermentation dynamics; high temperature; lactic acidbacteria; corn silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Yang Shuai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Qifan Ran
- Institute of Grass Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Husbandry, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111130, China
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Guan H, Ke W, Yan Y, Shuai Y, Li X, Ran Q, Yang Z, Wang X, Cai Y, Zhang X. Screening of natural lactic acid bacteria with potential effect on silage fermentation, aerobic stability and aflatoxin B1 in hot and humid area. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1301-1311. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Guan
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - W. Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro‐Ecosystems School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Y. Yan
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Y. Shuai
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - X. Li
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Q. Ran
- Institute of Grass Science Chongqing Academy of Animal Husbandry Chongqing China
| | - Z. Yang
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - X. Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Y. Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - X. Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
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Wang Y, Chen X, Wang C, He L, Zhou W, Yang F, Zhang Q. The bacterial community and fermentation quality of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf silage with or without Lactobacillus casei and sucrose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122059. [PMID: 31476563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of adding Lactobacilluscasei (LC) and sucrose (S) on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of mulberry leaf silage, two kinds of mulberry leaves were harvested and ensiled with or without LC and S for 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, respectively. Silages treated with LC and S contained more lactic acid (4.46-10.54%DM) and less ammonia-N (0.03-0.13%DM), acetic acid (0.73-3.40%DM) and coliform bacteria (<2.30 log cfu/g FM) and had a lower pH (<4.40) compared with controls. In addition, microbial analysis revealed less diverse bacterial communities and greater abundances of Lactobacillus (52.89-81.27%) and Pseudomonas (2.21-5.21%) in the LC and S silages. Furthermore, the addition of LC and S also inhibited the growth of undesirable Enterobacter. In conclusion, the addition of both LC and S has the capability of improving the silage quality of mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Yan Y, Li X, Guan H, Huang L, Ma X, Peng Y, Li Z, Nie G, Zhou J, Yang W, Cai Y, Zhang X. Microbial community and fermentation characteristic of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with corn stover and lactic acid bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:166-173. [PMID: 30721817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial community determined via PacBio single molecule, real-time sequencing technology (SMRT) and the fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass (IR, 82% moisture) silage prepared with corn stover (CS) were investigated. A selected strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (L694) and a commercial inoculant stain of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) were used as additives. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) effectively improved silage quality. After fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum was the dominant species in IR + LP and IR + L694 treatments, which led to higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid and lower (P < 0.05) butyric acid production. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus hammesii, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus coryniformis were abundantly present in IR + CS + LP and IR + CS + L694 treatments, and acetic acid contents of these were higher (P < 0.05) than those of other silages. This study demonstrated that addition of CS and LAB can change the microbial community and influence the silage fermentation of IR, and PacBio SMRT reveals more specific microbial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jiqiong Zhou
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronmy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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20
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Xu DM, Ke WC, Zhang P, Li FH, Guo XS. Characteristics of Pediococcus pentosaceus Q6 isolated from Elymus nutans growing on the Tibetan Plateau and its application for silage preparation at low temperature. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:40-48. [PMID: 30223299 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Characteristics of a strain Pediococcus pentosaceus Q6 isolated from Elymus nutans growing on the Tibetan plateau and its effects on E. nutans silage fermentation stored at low temperature were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Sugar fermentation pattern and growth profiles of the strain Q6 and its reference strain APP were characterized. The strain Q6 and APP were inoculated to E. nutans at ensiling respectively; and ensiled at different temperatures (10, 15 and 25°C) for 30, 60 and 90 days. The results indicated that Q6 could grow at pH 3·0 and at 4°C. In contrast to APP, Q6 could ferment mannitol, saccharose, sorbitol and rhamnose. Lower pH in Q6-treated silages fermented for 60 days at 10 and 15°C was found compared with the control and APP-treated groups. For the silages that were stored at 10 or 15°C, the greatest lactic acid content were detected in Q6-inoculated silages ensiled for 30 and 60 days respectively. There were no differences in pH and lactic acid content between Q6- and APP-treated silages ensiled at 10 and 15°C for 90 days respectively. CONCLUSIONS Inoculation of the strain P. pentosaceus Q6 could improve fermentation quality of ensiled E. nutans at the early stage of ensiling stored at low temperature (10 or 15°C). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The selection of P. pentosaceus inoculants for improving silage quality at low temperature, which provides a candidate strain to make high-quality silage in regions with frigid climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - W C Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - P Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - F H Li
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Stay Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - X S Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Zhao GQ, Ju ZL, Chai JK, Jiao T, Jia ZF, Casper DP, Zeng L, Wu JP. Effects of silage additives and varieties on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and nutritive value of oat silage. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3151-3160. [PMID: 29846606 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat is a main feed crop in high- altitude areas of western China, but few studies have been done on its silage making. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silage additives on fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritive value of different oat varieties (OV) grown in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Two OV (Avena sativa L. cv. Longyan No.1 (OVL1) and Avena sativa L. cv. Longyan No.3 (OVL3)) were planted in a randomized complete block design, harvested at early dough stage with 32.6% and 34.1% DM, respectively. The fresh material was chopped to 2-cm length and treated with additives (0, Sila-Mix (MIX), Sila-Max (MAX) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with three replicates. Both additives contained a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and supplied a final application rate of 2.5 × 108 of lactic acid bacteria per kg of fresh forage weight. After 60 d of ensiling, the number of lactic acid bacteria in treated silages was about 10-fold greater than the control and generally resulted in a lower pH and ammonia-nitrogen (P < 0.001), greater total acids and ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid (P < 0.001), and DM recovery (P = 0.028). Treatment with additives also decreased (P < 0.001) the number of yeasts, which resulted in marked (P < 0.001) improvements in aerobic stability with the effect being greatest with MAX. Both additives improved (P ≤ 0.036) the 48-h in situ DM digestion in OVL1, but not in OVL3 (P ≥ 0.052). Treatment with both additives also increased (P ≤ 0.003) NDF digestion in OVL1 while it was improved (P < 0.001) only by MAX in OVL3. In contrast, the additives did not affect (P ≥ 0.088) in situ hemicellulose digestion in OVL1, but it was improved (P = 0.048) by MIX and further improved (P = 0.002) by MAX in OVL3. Treatment with MAX improved yields of digestible DM and digestible NDF in both varieties. Dry matter recovery was not affected (P = 0.121) by variety. Compared to CTRL, silage treated with MAX had a greater (P = 0.015) DM recovery (96.7% vs. 93.9%). Inoculation improved (P < 0.001) aerobic stability. The MAX was the most effective for both varieties, while MIX was intermediate and was more effective in OVL3 than OVL1 silage. The results also showed that in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, compared to OVL1, OVL3 resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.002) yields of digestible nutrients; specifically, treated with MAX improved silage fermentation efficiency, DM recovery, and provided excellent aerobic stability for feeding to ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ting Jiao
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng F Jia
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, China
| | | | - Liang Zeng
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian P Wu
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Zhang Q, Yu Z, Wang X, Tian J. Effects of inoculants and environmental temperature on fermentation quality and bacterial diversity of alfalfa silage. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1085-1092. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xianguo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Jipeng Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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23
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Han H, Wang C, Li Y, Yu Z, Xu Q, Li G, Minh TT, Nishino N. Identification of lactic acid bacteria in the feces of dairy cows fed whole crop maize silage to assess the survival of silage bacteria in the gut. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:97-104. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Han
- The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science College of Life Science Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia China
| | - Chao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Hohhot Inner MongoliaChina
| | - Yanbing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Daqing HeilongjiangChina
| | - Zhu Yu
- Institute of Grassland Science China Agricultural University BeijingChina
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Department of Grassland Science Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi Taigu China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science College of Life Science Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia China
| | - Tang Thuy Minh
- Department of Animal Science Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Department of Animal Science Okayama University Okayama Japan
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24
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Reis CB, de Oliveira dos Santos A, Carvalho BF, Schwan RF, Ávila CLDS. Wild Lactobacillus hilgardii (CCMA 0170) strain modifies the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of corn silage. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1371609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Wang S, Yuan X, Dong Z, Li J, Shao T. Isolating and evaluating lactic acid bacteria strains for effectiveness on silage quality at low temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1722-1729. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
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26
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Gulfam A, Guo G, Tajebe S, Chen L, Liu Q, Yuan X, Bai Y, Saho T. Characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolates and their effect on the fermentation quality of Napier grass silage at three high temperatures. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1931-1938. [PMID: 27539868 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor fermentation quality of silage is an important issue for silage production during the high temperatures of summer. Pediococcus acidilactici GG13 (GG13) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG26 (GG26) isolated from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were characterised by morphological and physiological tests and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and their effects, along with those of a commercial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant (CB), on the fermentation quality of facultative halophyte Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) ensiled at 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C were studied, respectively. RESULT The strains GG13 and GG26 grew well at 50 °C and pH 3.5, and were tolerant to 6.5% NaCl. After ensiling for 50 days, the strains GG13 and GG26 and the CB decreased (P < 0.001) the pH and acetic acid and ammonia-N contents and increased (P < 0.001) the lactic acid contents at 30 °C, and decreased (P < 0.001) the ammonia-N contents at 40 °C in Napier grass. CB did not affect the fermentation quality at 50 °C, whereas both isolated strains improved the fermentation quality of Napier grass silage as indicated by the lower (P < 0.001) pH, butyric acid and ammonia-N contents and higher (P < 0.001) lactic acid contents. The strain GG13 is better than GG26 with regard to improvement in fermentation quality of Napier grass silage. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that strain GG13 is a good LAB inoculant for producing well-fermented silages during the high temperatures of summer times. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gulfam
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Seare Tajebe
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qinhua Liu
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Tao Saho
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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27
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Zhang Q, Yang H, Yu Z. Effects of sucrose, formic acid and lactic acid bacteria inoculant on quality, in vitro rumen digestibility and fermentability of drooping wild ryegrass ( Elymus nutans Griseb.) silage. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/68802/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Wang S, Yuan X, Dong Z, Li J, Guo G, Bai Y, Zhang J, Shao T. Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:819-827. [PMID: 27764915 PMCID: PMC5411845 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from common vetch, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass on the Tibetan Plateau were characterized, and their effects on the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were studied. Methods The four isolated strains and one commercial inoculant (G, Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1) were evaluated using the acid production ability test, morphological observation, Gram staining, physiological, biochemical and acid tolerance tests. The five LAB strains were added to Italian ryegrass for ensiling at three different temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). Results All isolated strains (LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3) could grow at 5°C to 20°C, pH 3.0 to 8.0 and NaCl (3.0%, 6.5%). Strains LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Lactobacillus casei by sequencing 16S rDNA, respectively. All LAB inoculants significantly (p<0.05) increased lactic acid (LA) contents and ratios of lactic acid to acetic acid, and reduced pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN) compared with uninoculated silages at various temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). Compared to the commercial inoculant G, I5, and LI3 showed similar effects on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass at 10°C and 15°C, indicated by similar pH, LA content and AN/TN. Conclusion All inoculants could improve the silage fermentation quality at various temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). At the temperature of 10°C and 15°C, strain I5 and LI3 had similar effects with the commercial inoculant G on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang M, Lv H, Tan Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Pang H, Li Z, Jiao Z, Jin Q. Improving the fermentation quality of wheat straw silage stored at low temperature by psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:277-285. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Haoxin Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Huili Pang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, College of Physics and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Qingsheng Jin
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Crops and Utilization of Nuclear Technology; Hangzhou China
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Ni K, Wang Y, Cai Y, Pang H. Natural Lactic Acid Bacteria Population and Silage Fermentation of Whole-crop Wheat. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1123-32. [PMID: 26104520 PMCID: PMC4478480 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Winter wheat is a suitable crop to be ensiled for animal feed and China has the largest planting area of this crop in the world. During the ensiling process, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play the most important role in the fermentation. We investigated the natural population of LAB in whole-crop wheat (WCW) and examined the quality of whole-crop wheat silage (WCWS) with and without LAB inoculants. Two Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strains, Zhengzhou University 1 (ZZU 1) selected from corn and forage and grass 1 (FG 1) from a commercial inoculant, were used as additives. The silages inoculated with LAB strains (ZZU 1 and FG 1) were better preserved than the control, with lower pH values (3.5 and 3.6, respectively) (p<0.05) and higher contents of lactic acid (37.5 and 34.0 g/kg of fresh matter (FM), respectively) (p<0.05) than the control. Sixty LAB strains were isolated from fresh material and WCWS without any LAB inoculation. These LAB strains were divided into the following four genera and six species based on their phenotypic, biochemical and phylogenetic characteristics: Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum. However, the prevalent LAB, which was predominantly heterofermentative (66.7%), consisted of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Weissella cibaria, and Lactobacillus buchneri. This study revealed that most of isolated LAB strains from control WCWS were heterofermentative and could not grow well at low pH condition; the selective inoculants of Lactobacillus strains, especially ZZU 1, could improve WCWS quality significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Ni
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Yimin Cai
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Huili Pang
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Zhang Q, Li X, Zhao M, Yu Z. Isolating and evaluating lactic acid bacteria strains for effectiveness of Leymus chinensis
silage fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:391-7. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - X.J. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - M.M. Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Z. Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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32
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Liu QH, Yang FY, Zhang JG, Shao T. Characteristics of Lactobacillus parafarraginis ZH1 and its role in improving the aerobic stability of silages. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:405-16. [PMID: 24766633 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lactobacillus parafarraginis ZH1 isolated from silage was characterized, and the effects of inoculating ZH1 and Lact. buchneri (LB) on the aerobic stability of sweet corn stalk (SCS) silage and whole-plant oat (WPO) silage ensiled at 15 and 30°C were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS After ensiling of SCS or WPO in plastic bottle silo for 45 days, silos were opened, and aerobic stability was studied by monitoring temperature change with thermo recorders in silage for 6 days. SCS silage and WPO silage were well conserved naturally at both storage temperatures. However, silages were prone to aerobic deterioration due to the presence of residual yeasts. ZH1 inoculated silages ensiled at both temperatures, LB inoculated silages ensiled at 30°C had better aerobic stability than the uninoculated silages and the LB-inoculated silage at 15°C. CONCLUSIONS Strain ZH1 improved the aerobic stability of SCS silage and WPO silage ensiled at both 15 and 30°C, while LB improved the aerobic stability of silage only ensiled at the high temperature of 30°C. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The new strain ZH1 can be used as an effective inhibitor for aerobic deterioration of silage maintained from 15 to 30°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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