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Chen Y, Gao Y, Yuan M, Zheng Z, Yin J. Anti- Candida albicans Effects and Mechanisms of Theasaponin E1 and Assamsaponin A. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119350. [PMID: 37298302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, and its drug resistance is becoming a serious problem. Camellia sinensis seed saponins showed inhibitory effects on resistant Candida albicans strains, but the active components and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of two Camellia sinensis seed saponin monomers, theasaponin E1 (TE1) and assamsaponin A (ASA), on a resistant Candida albicans strain (ATCC 10231) were explored. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of TE1 and ASA were equivalent. The time-kill curves showed that the fungicidal efficiency of ASA was higher than that of TE1. TE1 and ASA significantly increased the cell membrane permeability and disrupted the cell membrane integrity of C. albicans cells, probably by interacting with membrane-bound sterols. Moreover, TE1 and ASA induced the accumulation of intracellular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were concentrated in the cell wall, plasma membrane, glycolysis, and ergosterol synthesis pathways. In conclusion, the antifungal mechanisms of TE1 and ASA included the interference with the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, damage to the mitochondria, and the regulation of energy metabolism and lipid metabolism. Tea seed saponins have the potential to be novel anti-Candida albicans agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mingan Yuan
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Zhaisheng Zheng
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhang J, Xu D, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wu Z, Weng P. Antimicrobial Effect of Tea Polyphenols against Foodborne Pathogens: A Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1801-1808. [PMID: 34086921 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Food contamination by foodborne pathogens is still widespread in many countries around the world, and food safety is a major global public health issue. Therefore, novel preservatives that can guarantee safer food are in high demand. Contrary to artificial food preservatives, tea polyphenols (TPs) are getting wide attention as food additives for being "green," "safe," and "healthy." TPs come from many sources, and the purification technology is sophisticated. Compared with other natural antibacterial agents, the antibacterial effect of TPs is more stable, making them excellent natural antibacterial agents. This review includes a systematic summary of the important chemical components of TPs and the antibacterial mechanisms of TPs against various foodborne pathogens. The potential applications of TPs are also discussed. These data provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of TPs. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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Olszewska MA, Gędas A, Simões M. Antimicrobial polyphenol-rich extracts: Applications and limitations in the food industry. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109214. [PMID: 32517896 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the common ways to prevent food spoilage throughout product's shelf life is by using artificial/synthetic preservatives. However, the growing negative perception of consumers over synthetic preservatives has encouraged the food industry to consider their natural alternatives. Plant extracts, increasingly recognized as consumer-friendly, represent a valuable source of active compounds, mostly polyphenols, with potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Hence, this article focuses mainly on the antimicrobial activity of plant-based polyphenol-rich extracts as well as on their potential use and limitations in the food industry. Some new trends such as antimicrobial food packaging combined with plant extracts and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) combined with a natural photosensitiser, curcumin, are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Olszewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Astrid Gędas
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Yang Y, Zhang T. Antimicrobial Activities of Tea Polyphenol on Phytopathogens: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040816. [PMID: 30823535 PMCID: PMC6413138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of natural antimicrobial compounds in crop production has gained much attention from consumers and the agricultural industry. Consequently, interest in more natural, non-synthetic antimicrobials as potential alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides to combat phytopathogens has heightened. Tea polyphenol (TP), a unique and highly important functional component of tea plants, has been reported to possess antimicrobial properties against a wide spectrum of plant pathogens. The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging findings on the mechanisms of antimicrobial action, and the antimicrobial properties of TP, including their major components, effectiveness, and synergistic effects. More studies, particularly field studies, are still necessary to establish conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of TP against phytopathogens. However, the basic conclusion from existing studies suggests that TP is a potential antimicrobial agent for pesticide reduction in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Wang YC, Qian WJ, Li NN, Hao XY, Wang L, Xiao B, Wang XC, Yang YJ. Metabolic Changes of Caffeine in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) as Defense Response to Colletotrichum fructicola. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6685-93. [PMID: 27541180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most economically valuable crops in the world. Anthracnose can affect the growth of leaves and cause serious yield losses of tea. Tea plants are rich in secondary metabolites; however, their roles in resistance to anthracnose are unclear. Herein we compared the contents of total phenolics, catechins, and caffeine in two cultivars with different resistances to anthracnose during Colletotrichum fructicola infection. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), (+)-catechin (C), caffeine, and critical regulatory genes were induced in C. fructicola-resistant tissues. In vitro antifungal tests showed that caffeine more strongly inhibited mycelial growth than tea polyphenols and catechins. Both electron microscopy and bioactivity analysis results showed that caffeine can affect mycelial cell walls and plasma membranes. Through promoter sequences analysis, a number of stress response-related cis-acting elements were identified in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and tea caffeine synthase. These results demonstrated that (-)-EGCG, (+)-C, and caffeine may be involved in the resistance of tea plants to anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Qian
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Chao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou 310008, People's Republic of China
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Gao H, Xu X, Dai Y, He H. Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Bacillus subtilis CF-3, a Bacterium from Fermented Bean Curd for Controlling Postharvest Diseases of Peach Fruit. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.22.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
| | - Xinxing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
| | - Yuewen Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
| | - Huixia He
- Shanghai Jiamai Agricultural Technology Service Company Limited
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Antifungal activity and mechanism of tea polyphenols against Rhizopus stolonifer. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1463-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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