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Rhamnolipid Self-Aggregation in Aqueous Media: A Long Journey toward the Definition of Structure–Property Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065395. [PMID: 36982468 PMCID: PMC10048978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to protect human and environmental health and avoid the widespread use of substances obtained from nonrenewable sources is steering research toward the discovery and development of new molecules characterized by high biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to their very widespread use, a class of substances for which this need is particularly urgent is that of surfactants. In this respect, an attractive and promising alternative to commonly used synthetic surfactants is represented by so-called biosurfactants, amphiphiles naturally derived from microorganisms. One of the best-known families of biosurfactants is that of rhamnolipids, which are glycolipids with a headgroup formed by one or two rhamnose units. Great scientific and technological effort has been devoted to optimization of their production processes, as well as their physicochemical characterization. However, a conclusive structure–function relationship is far from being defined. In this review, we aim to move a step forward in this direction, by presenting a comprehensive and unified discussion of physicochemical properties of rhamnolipids as a function of solution conditions and rhamnolipid structure. We also discuss still unresolved issues that deserve further investigation in the future, to allow the replacement of conventional surfactants with rhamnolipids.
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Meena KR, Dhiman R, Singh K, Kumar S, Sharma A, Kanwar SS, Mondal R, Das S, Franco OL, Mandal AK. Purification and identification of a surfactin biosurfactant and engine oil degradation by Bacillus velezensis KLP2016. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 33509221 PMCID: PMC7844888 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engine oil used in automobiles is a threat to soil and water due to the recalcitrant properties of its hydrocarbons. It pollutes surrounding environment which affects both flora and fauna. Microbes can degrade hydrocarbons containing engine oil and utilize it as a substrate for their growth. Our results demonstrated that cell-free broth of Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 (Gram + ve, endospore forming; Accession number KY214239) recorded an emulsification index (E24%) from 52.3% to 65.7% against different organic solvents, such as benzene, pentane, cyclohexane, xylene, n-hexane, toluene and engine oil. The surface tension of the cell-free broth of B. velezensis grown in Luria–Bertani broth at 35 °C decreased from 55 to 40 mN m−1at critical micelle concentration 17.2 µg/mL. The active biosurfactant molecule of cell-free broth of Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 was purified by Dietheylaminoethyl-cellulose and size exclusion chromatography, followed by HPLC (RT = 1.130), UV–vis spectrophotometry (210 nm) and thin layer chromatography (Rf = 0.90). The molecular weight of purified biosurfactant was found to be ~ 1.0 kDa, based on Electron Spray Ionization-MS. A concentration of 1980 × 10–2 parts per million of CO2 was trapped in a KOH solution after 15 days of incubation in Luria–Bertani broth containing 1% engine oil. Our results suggest that bacterium Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 may promise a new dimension to solving the engine oil pollution problem in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khem Raj Meena
- Department of Microbiology, CBS&H, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 848125, Bihar, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India.
| | - Rajni Dhiman
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Shamsher S Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Rittick Mondal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, North Dinajpur, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Das
- School of Sciences, Netaji Open University, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. .,Centro de Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, North Dinajpur, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India. .,Centre for Nanotechnology Sciences, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India.
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Singh R, Singh SK, Rathore D. Analysis of biosurfactants produced by bacteria growing on textile sludge and their toxicity evaluation for environmental application. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1592686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Singh
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dheeraj Rathore
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Geudens N, Martins JC. Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides From Pseudomonas spp. - Biological Swiss-Army Knives. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1867. [PMID: 30158910 PMCID: PMC6104475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by Pseudomonas spp. (Ps-CLPs) are biosurfactants that constitute a diverse class of versatile bioactive natural compounds with promising application potential. While chemically diverse, they obey a common structural blue-print, allowing the definition of 14 distinct groups with multiple structurally homologous members. In addition to antibacterial and antifungal properties the reported activity profile of Ps-CLPs includes their effect on bacterial motility, biofilm formation, induced defense responses in plants, their insecticidal activity and anti-proliferation effects on human cancer cell-lines. To further validate their status of potential bioactive substances, we assessed the results of 775 biological tests on 51 Ps-CLPs available from literature. From this, a fragmented view emerges. Taken as a group, Ps-CLPs present a broad activity profile. However, reports on individual Ps-CLPs are often much more limited in the scope of organisms that are challenged or activities that are explored. As a result, our analysis shows that the available data is currently too sparse to allow biological function to be correlated to a particular group of Ps-CLPs. Consequently, certain generalizations that appear in literature with respect to the biological activities of Ps-CLPs should be nuanced. This notwithstanding, the data for the two most extensively studied Ps-CLPs does indicate they can display activities against various biological targets. As the discovery of novel Ps-CLPs accelerates, current challenges to complete and maintain a useful overview of biological activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kabir K, Deeni YY, Hapca SM, Moore L, Spiers AJ. Uncovering behavioural diversity amongst high-strength Pseudomonas spp. surfactants at the limit of liquid surface tension reduction. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4810749. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaluddeen Kabir
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Yusuf Y Deeni
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Simona M Hapca
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Luke Moore
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Andrew J Spiers
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
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Biofilm disruption by an air bubble reveals heterogeneous age-dependent detachment patterns dictated by initial extracellular matrix distribution. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017. [PMID: 28649407 PMCID: PMC5460265 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-017-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often adhere to surfaces, where they form communities known as biofilms. Recently, it has been shown that biofilm formation initiates with the microscopically heterogeneous deposition of a skeleton of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by individual cells crawling on the surface, followed by growth of the biofilm into a surface-covering continuum. Here we report microfluidic experiments with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms showing that their "hidden" heterogeneity can affect the later dynamics of their disruption. Using controlled air bubbles as a model for mechanical insult, we demonstrate that biofilm disruption is strongly dependent on biofilm age, and that disruption to early-stage biofilms can take the shape of a semi-regular pattern of ~15 µm diameter holes from which bacteria have been removed. We explain hole formation in terms of the rupture and retreat of the thin liquid layer created by the long bubble, which scrapes bacteria off the surface and rearranges their distribution. We find that the resulting pattern correlates with the spatial distribution of EPS: holes form where there is less EPS, whereas regions with more EPS act as strongholds against the scraping liquid front. These results show that heterogeneity in the microscale EPS skeleton of biofilms has profound consequences for later dynamics, including disruption. Because few attached cells suffice to regrow a biofilm, these results point to the importance of considering microscale heterogeneity when designing and assessing the effectiveness of biofilm removal strategies by mechanical forces.
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