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Ferri G, Olivieri V, Olivastri A, Pennisi L, Vergara A. Multidrug resistant Vibrio spp. identified from mussels farmed for human consumption in Central Italy. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae098. [PMID: 38609347 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio strains identified from Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed for human consumption in the Adriatic Sea Central Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 475 mussels (M. galloprovincialis) were involved in the present study, and culture-dependent microbiological methods permitted to identify a total of 50 Vibrio strains that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility followed by the genetic determinant detections. Antibiograms showed resistance against ampicillin (36.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30.0%), gentamycin (14.0%), and imipenem (18.0%). Biomolecular assays amplified a total of 264 antibiotic resistance genes harbored by both susceptible and resistant Vibrio species. Among resistance genes, aacC2 (62.0%) and aadA (58.0%) for aminoglycosides, blaTEM (54.0%) for beta-lactams, qnrS (24.0%) for quinolones, tetD (66.0%) for tetracyclines, and vanB (60.0%) for glycopeptides were mainly amplified by PCR assays. CONCLUSIONS Vibrio genus is involved in the antibiotic resistance phenomenon diffusion in the aquatic environments, as demonstrated by the harboring of many genetic determinants representing a kind of genetic "dark world".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Ferri
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Olivieri
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pennisi
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Vergara
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
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2
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Wang H, Shi C, Yang B, Li Q, Liu S. Characterization of the genome and cell invasive phenotype of Vibrio diabolicus Cg5 isolated from mass mortality of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106466. [PMID: 38036108 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio is an important group of aquatic animal pathogens, which has been identified as the main pathogenic factor causing mass summer mortality of Crassostrea gigas in northern China. This study aims to investigate the potential pathogenic mechanisms of Vibrio Cg5 isolate in C. gigas. We sequenced and annotated the genome of Vibrio Cg5 to analyze potential virulence factors. The gentamicin protection assays were performed with C. gigas primary cells to reveal the cell-invasive behavior of Cg5. The genome analysis showed that Cg5 was a strain of human disease-associated pathogen with multiple antibiotic resistance, and four virulence factors associated with intracellular survival were present in the genome. The gentamicin protection assays showed that Cg5 could potentially invade the cells of C. gigas, indicating that Cg5 could be a facultative intracellular pathogen of C. gigas. These results provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of V. diabolicus, an emerging pathogenic Vibrio on aquatic animals, which would be valuable in preventing and controlling diseases in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Kumar S, Lekshmi M, Stephen J, Ortiz-Alegria A, Ayitah M, Varela MF. Dynamics of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance, persistence, and community living of Vibrionaceae. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:7. [PMID: 38017151 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The marine bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family are significant from the point of view of their role in the marine geochemical cycle, as well as symbionts and opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and humans. The well-known pathogens of this group, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality associated with a range of infections from gastroenteritis to bacteremia acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing these pathogens. Although generally regarded as susceptible to commonly employed antibiotics, the antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio spp. has been on the rise in the last two decades, which has raised concern about future infections by these bacteria becoming increasingly challenging to treat. Diverse mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance have been discovered in pathogenic vibrios, the most important being the membrane efflux pumps, which contribute to antimicrobial resistance and their virulence, environmental fitness, and persistence through biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In this review, we discuss the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic vibrios and some of the well-characterized efflux pumps' contributions to the physiology of antimicrobial resistance, host and environment survival, and their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Manjusha Lekshmi
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Jerusha Stephen
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Anely Ortiz-Alegria
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Matthew Ayitah
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA.
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Pearce R, Conrady B, Guardabassi L. Prevalence and Types of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Retail Seafood. Foods 2023; 12:3033. [PMID: 37628032 PMCID: PMC10453871 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess prevalence and types of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in retail seafood. Methods: A literature review was completed according to international guidelines for systematic reviews, except for being performed by a single reviewer. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to determine statistical differences between continents or seafood types. Results: Among 12,277 hits, 42 publications from 2011 to 2023 were deemed relevant to the review's objectives. The median prevalence of ESBL-contaminated products was 19.4%. A significantly lower prevalence was observed in Europe (p = 0.006) and Africa (p = 0.004) compared to Asia. Amongst the 2053 isolates analyzed in the selected studies, 44.8% were ESBL-positive. The predominant type was CTX-M (93.6%), followed by TEM (6.7%) and SHV (5.0%). Only 32.6% and 18.5% of the CTX-M-positive isolates were typed to group and gene level, respectively. While group 1 (60.2%) was prevalent over group 9 (39.8%) among Enterobacterales, the opposite trend was observed in Vibrio spp. (60.0% vs. 40.0%). Information at gene level was limited to Enterobacterales, where CTX-M-15 was the most prevalent (79.2%). Conclusions: On average, one in five seafood products sold at retail globally is contaminated with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales of clinical relevance. Our findings highlight a potential risk for consumers of raw seafood, especially in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Pearce
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2600 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Beate Conrady
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2600 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2600 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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5
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Changsen C, Likhitrattanapisal S, Lunha K, Chumpol W, Jiemsup S, Prachumwat A, Kongkasuriyachai D, Ingsriswang S, Chaturongakul S, Lamalee A, Yongkiettrakul S, Buates S. Incidence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood in Bangkok and eastern Thailand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15283. [PMID: 37193031 PMCID: PMC10183165 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strain O3:K6 was first documented in 1996. Since then it has been accounted for large outbreaks of diarrhea globally. In Thailand, prior studies on pandemic and non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus had mostly been done in the south. The incidence and molecular characterization of pandemic and non-pandemic strains in other parts of Thailand have not been fully characterized. This study examined the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood samples purchased in Bangkok and collected in eastern Thailand and characterized V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Potential virulence genes, VPaI-7, T3SS2, and biofilm were examined. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and AMR genes (ARGs) were determined. Methods V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 190 marketed and farmed seafood samples by a culture method and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The incidence of pandemic and non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus and VPaI-7, T3SS2, and biofilm genes was examined by PCR. AMR profiles were verified by a broth microdilution technique. The presence of ARGs was verified by genome analysis. V. parahaemolyticus characterization was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A phylogenomic tree was built from nucleotide sequences by UBCG2.0 and RAxML softwares. Results All 50 V. parahaemolyticus isolates including 21 pathogenic and 29 non-pathogenic strains from 190 samples had the toxRS/old sequence, indicating non-pandemic strains. All isolates had biofilm genes (VP0950, VP0952, and VP0962). None carried T3SS2 genes (VP1346 and VP1367), while VPaI-7 gene (VP1321) was seen in two isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles obtained from 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates revealed high frequency of resistance to colistin (100%, 36/36) and ampicillin (83%, 30/36), but susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (100%, 36/36). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 11 isolates (31%, 11/36). Genome analysis revealed ARGs including blaCARB (100%, 36/36), tet(34) (83%, 30/36), tet(35) (42%, 15/36), qnrC (6%, 2/36), dfrA6 (3%, 1/36), and blaCTX-M-55 (3%, 1/36). Phylogenomic and MLST analyses classified 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates into 5 clades, with 12 known and 13 novel sequence types (STs), suggesting high genetic variation among the isolates. Conclusions Although none V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafood samples purchased in Bangkok and collected in eastern Thailand were pandemic strains, around one third of isolates were MDR V. parahaemolyticus strains. The presence of resistance genes of the first-line antibiotics for V. parahaemolyticus infection raises a major concern for clinical treatment outcome since these resistance genes could be highly expressed under suitable circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chartchai Changsen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Likhitrattanapisal
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Lunha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wiyada Chumpol
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Surasak Jiemsup
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anuphap Prachumwat
- AQHT, AAQG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
- CENTEX SHRIMP, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darin Kongkasuriyachai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Ingsriswang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Aekarin Lamalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yu Y, Li H, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liao M, Rong X, Li B, Wang C, Ge J, Zhang X. Antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic characteristics of Vibrio alginolyticus isolates from aquatic environment in costal mariculture areas in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114219. [PMID: 36335689 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus has been the second most common Vibrio species in the world and mainly grows in the ocean or estuary environment, which can induce epidemics outbreaks under marine organisms, and causing serious economic losses in aquaculture industry. In this study, the genetic populations and evolutionary relationship analysis of V. alginolyticus isolated from different geographical locations in China with typical interannual differences were exhibited originally genetic diversity. Then the virulence genes prevalence, antibiotic resistance phenotype, and antimicrobial resistance genes risk diversity of V. alginolyticus were analyzed by phenotypic and molecular typing methods. And they were complex correlations among antibiotic phenotypes, resistance and virulence genes under different genotype of V. alginolyticus. The results provide a theoretical foundation for further understanding the genetic and metabolic diversity among V. alginolyticus in China, and lay a theoretical foundation for the transmission risk assessment and regional diagnosis of Vibrio in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Hao Li
- Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Yingeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Meijie Liao
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Rong
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Chunyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Jianlong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
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Smith DS, Houck C, Lee A, Simmons TB, Chester ON, Esdaile A, Symes SJK, Giles DK. Polyunsaturated fatty acids cause physiological and behavioral changes in Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio fischeri. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1237. [PMID: 34713610 PMCID: PMC8494716 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri are Gram-negative bacteria found globally in marine environments. During the past decade, studies have shown that certain Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio species (cholerae, parahaemolyticus, and vulnificus) are capable of using exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to modify the phospholipids of their membrane. Moreover, exposure to exogenous PUFAs has been shown to affect certain phenotypes that are important factors of virulence. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri are capable of responding to exogenous PUFAs by remodeling their membrane phospholipids and/or altering behaviors associated with virulence. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analyses and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS) confirmed incorporation of all PUFAs into membrane phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Several growth phenotypes were identified when individual fatty acids were supplied in minimal media and as sole carbon sources. Interestingly, several PUFAs acids inhibited growth of V. fischeri. Significant alterations to membrane permeability were observed depending on fatty acid supplemented. Strikingly, arachidonic acid (20:4) reduced membrane permeability by approximately 35% in both V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri. Biofilm assays indicated that fatty acid influence was dependent on media composition and temperature. All fatty acids caused decreased swimming motility in V. alginolyticus, while only linoleic acid (18:2) significantly increased swimming motility in V. fischeri. In summary, exogenous fatty acids cause a variety of changes in V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri, thus adding these bacteria to a growing list of Gram-negatives that exhibit versatility in fatty acid utilization and highlighting the potential for environmental PUFAs to influence phenotypes associated with planktonic, beneficial, and pathogenic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Smith
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Carina Houck
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Allycia Lee
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsThe University of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Timothy B. Simmons
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Olivia N. Chester
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Ayanna Esdaile
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Steven J. K. Symes
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsThe University of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - David K. Giles
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
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Salgueiro V, Reis L, Ferreira E, Botelho MJ, Manageiro V, Caniça M. Assessing the Bacterial Community Composition of Bivalve Mollusks Collected in Aquaculture Farms and Respective Susceptibility to Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091135. [PMID: 34572717 PMCID: PMC8468174 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a growing sector, providing several products for human consumption, and it is therefore important to guarantee its quality and safety. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of bacterial composition of Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus spp. and Ruditapes decussatus, and the antibiotic resistances/resistance genes present in aquaculture environments. Two hundred and twenty-two bacterial strains were recovered from all bivalve mollusks samples belonging to the Aeromonadaceae, Bacillaceae, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Morganellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Yersiniaceae families. Decreased susceptibility to oxytetracycline prevails in all bivalve species, aquaculture farms and seasons. Decreased susceptibilities to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, colistin, ciprofloxacin, flumequine, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were also found. This study detected six qnrA genes among Shewanella algae, ten qnrB genes among Citrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli, three oqxAB genes from Raoultella ornithinolytica and blaTEM-1 in eight E. coli strains harboring a qnrB19 gene. Our results suggest that the bacteria and antibiotic resistances/resistance genes present in bivalve mollusks depend on several factors, such as host species and respective life stage, bacterial family, farm’s location and season, and that is important to study each aquaculture farm individually to implement the most suitable measures to prevent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Salgueiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (L.R.); (E.F.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Reis
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (L.R.); (E.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Eugénia Ferreira
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (L.R.); (E.F.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Botelho
- Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (L.R.); (E.F.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (L.R.); (E.F.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- CIISA, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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9
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Mazioti AA, Vasquez MI, Vyrides I. Comparison of different cultures and culturing conditions for the biological deterioration of organic load from real saline bilge wastewater: microbial diversity insights and ecotoxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36506-36522. [PMID: 33709312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bilge wastewater is a high strength, typically saline wastewater, originating from operation of ships. In this study, the treatment of real bilge wastewater was tested using pure isolated aerobic strains and mixed cultures (aerobic and anaerobic). The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ecotoxicity decrease were monitored over time, while the microbial dynamics alterations in mixed cultures were also recorded. The isolated strains Pseudodonghicola xiamenensis, Halomonas alkaliphila and Vibrio antiquaries were shown to significantly biodegrade bilge wastewater. Reasonable COD removal rates were achieved by aerobic mixed cultures (59%, 9 days), while anaerobic mixed cultures showed lower performance (34%, 51 days). The genus Pseudodonghicola was identified as dominant under aerobic conditions both in the mixed cultures and in the control sample (raw wastewater), after exposure to bilge wastewater, demonstrating natural proliferation of the genus and potential contribution to COD reduction. Biodegradation rates were higher when initial organic load was high, while the toxicity of raw wastewater partially decreased after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini A Mazioti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archibishop Kyprianos str, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Marlen I Vasquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archibishop Kyprianos str, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archibishop Kyprianos str, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
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10
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The Vibriolysin-Like Protease VnpA and the Collagenase ColA Are Required for Full Virulence of the Bivalve Mollusks Pathogen Vibrio neptunius. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040391. [PMID: 33917401 PMCID: PMC8067407 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio neptunius is an important pathogen of bivalve mollusks worldwide. Several metalloproteases have been described as virulence factors in species of Vibrio that are pathogenic to bivalves, but little is known about the contribution of these potential virulence factors to Vibrio neptunius pathogenesis. In silico analysis of the genome of V. neptunius strain PP-145.98 led to the identification of two hitherto uncharacterized chromosomal loci encoding a probable vibriolysin-like metalloprotease and a putative collagenase, which were designated VnpA and ColA, respectively. Single defective mutants of each gene were obtained in V. neptunius PP-145.98, and the phospholipase, esterase and collagenase activities were studied and compared with those of the wild-type strain. The results showed that the single inactivation of vnpA resulted in a 3-fold reduction in phospholipase/esterase activity. Inactivation of colA reduced the collagenase activity by 50%. Finally, infection challenges performed in oyster larvae showed that ΔvnpA and ΔcolA—single mutant strains of V. neptunius—are between 2–3-fold less virulent than the wild-type strain. Thus, the present work demonstrates that the production of both VnpA and ColA is required for the full virulence of the bivalve pathogen V. neptunius.
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