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Hu Y, Ren B, Cheng L, Deng S, Chen Q. Candida species in periodontitis: A new villain or a new target? J Dent 2024; 148:105138. [PMID: 38906455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research indicated that fungi might have a role in periodontitis alongside traditional periodontal pathogens. This state-of-the-art narrative review explores current concepts on the involvement of Candida species in periodontitis, and suggests the potential for ecological management of this disease. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION A literature search was conducted for a narrative review on Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Scopus about periodontitis associated with Candida species. Published articles, including case reports, case series, observational and interventional clinical trials, and critical appraisals of the literature were retrieved and reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Several factors predispose individuals to periodontitis associated with Candida species. These include systemic diseases that lead to immunosuppression and oral environment changes such as cigarette smoking. While a consistent significant increase in the detection rate of Candida species in patients with periodontitis has not been universally observed, there is evidence linking Candida species to the severity of periodontitis and their potential to worsen the condition. Candida species may participate in the development of periodontitis in various ways, including cross-kingdom interactions with periodontal pathogens, changes in the local or systemic environment favoring the virulence of Candida species, and interactions between Candida-bacteria and host immunity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical plaque control is the most common treatment for periodontitis, but its effectiveness may be limited, particularly when dealing with systemic risk factors. Understanding the specific role of Candida in periodontitis illuminates innovative approaches for managing the ecological balance in periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Leite ML, Comeau P, Aghakeshmiri S, Lange D, Rodrigues LKA, Branda N, Manso AP. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against a dual-species cariogenic biofilm using a ruthenium-loaded resin-based dental material. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104019. [PMID: 38395246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are associated with caries recurrence. Therefore, this study evaluated the combination of a Ru(II)-loaded resin-based dental material (RDM) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against a dual-species biofilm of S. mutans and C. albicans. METHODS An aPDT protocol was established evaluating Ru(II)'s photocatalytic activity and antimicrobial potential under blue LED irradiation (440-460 nm, 22.55 mW/cm2) at different energy densities (0.00, 6.25, 20.25, 40.50 J/cm2). This evaluation involved singlet oxygen quantification and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). The biofilm was grown (72 h) on resin disks prepared with Ru(II)-doped RDM (0.00, 0.56, or 1.12 %) and samples were exposed to aPDT or dark conditions. The biofilm was then harvested to analyze cell viability (CFU counts) and formation of soluble and insoluble exopolysaccharides. RESULTS The photocatalytic activity of Ru(II) was concentration and energy density dependent (p < 0.05), and MIC/MBC values were reduced for the microorganisms after LED irradiation (40.5 J/cm2); therefor, this energy density was chosen for aPDT. Although incorporation of Ru(II) into RDM reduced the biofilm growth compared to Ru(II)-free RDM for both species in dark conditions (p < 0.05), aPDT combined with an Ru(II)-loaded RDM (0.56 or 1.12 %) potentialized CFU reductions (p < 0.05). Conversely, only 1.12 % Ru(II) with LED irradiation showed lower levels of both soluble and insoluble exopolysaccharides compared to Ru(II)-free samples in dark conditions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When the Ru(II)-loaded RDM was associated with blue LED, aPDT reduced cell viability and lower soluble and insoluble exopolysaccharides were found in the cariogenic dual-species biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Patricia Comeau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Sana Aghakeshmiri
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- Department of Urological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, 1057 Monsenhor Furtado St, Fortaleza, CE 60430-355, Brazil
| | - Neil Branda
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 0A7, Canada
| | - Adriana Pigozzo Manso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Oliveros A, Terraube J, Levengood AL, Powell D, Frère CH. Influence of scat ageing on the gut microbiome: how old is too old? BMC Genomics 2023; 24:427. [PMID: 37525141 PMCID: PMC10388479 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the host-microbiome by the collection of non-invasive samples has the potential to become a powerful tool for conservation monitoring and surveillance of wildlife. However, multiple factors can bias the quality of data recovered from scats, particularly when field-collected samples are used given that the time of defecation is unknown. Previous studies using scats have shown that the impact of aerobic exposure on the microbial composition is species-specific, leading to different rates of change in microbial communities. However, the impact that this aging process has on the relationship between the bacterial and fungal composition has yet to be explored. In this study, we measured the effects of time post-defecation on bacterial and fungal compositions in a controlled experiment using scat samples from the endangered koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). RESULTS We found that the bacterial composition remained stable through the scat aging process, while the fungal composition did not. The absence of an increase in facultative anaerobes and the stable population of obligate anaerobic bacteria were likely due to our sampling from the inner portion of the scat. We report a cluster of fungal taxa that colonises scats after defecation which can dilute the genetic material from the autochthonous mycoflora and inhibit recovery. CONCLUSION We emphasize the need to preserve the integrity of scat samples collected in the wild and combat the effects of time and provide strategies for doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Oliveros
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
| | - Julien Terraube
- Vulture Conservation Foundation, Wuhrstrasse 12, Zürich, CH-8003, Switzerland
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexis L Levengood
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Powell
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Céline H Frère
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Kulshrestha A, Gupta P. Combating polymicrobial biofilm: recent approaches. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-023-01070-y. [PMID: 37310652 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The polymicrobial biofilm (PMBF) is formed when microbes from multiple species co-aggregate into an envelope made of extra polymeric substances (EPS) that keep the microbes safe from external stresses. The formation of PMBF has been linked to a variety of human infections, including cystic fibrosis, dental caries, urinary tract infections, etc. Multiple microbial species co-aggregation during an infection results in a recalcitrant biofilm formation, which is a seriously threatening phenomenon. It is challenging to treat polymicrobial biofilms since they contain multiple microbes which show drug resistance to various antibiotics/antifungals. The present study discusses various approaches by which an antibiofilm compound works. Depending on their mode of action, antibiofilm compounds can block the adhesion of cells to one another, modify membranes/walls, or disrupt quorum-sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Kulshrestha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
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Li Y, Huang S, Du J, Wu M, Huang X. Current and prospective therapeutic strategies: tackling Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans cross-kingdom biofilm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1106231. [PMID: 37249973 PMCID: PMC10213903 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most frequent strain associated with cross-kingdom infections in the oral cavity. Clinical evidence shows the co-existence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and C. albicans in the carious lesions especially in children with early childhood caries (ECC) and demonstrates the close interaction between them. During the interaction, both S. mutans and C. albicans have evolved a complex network of regulatory mechanisms to boost cariogenic virulence and modulate tolerance upon stress changes in the external environment. The intricate relationship and unpredictable consequences pose great therapeutic challenges in clinics, which indicate the demand for de novo emergence of potential antimicrobial therapy with multi-targets or combinatorial therapies. In this article, we present an overview of the clinical significance, and cooperative network of the cross-kingdom interaction between S. mutans and C. albicans. Furthermore, we also summarize the current strategies for targeting cross-kingdom biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minjing Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Biofilm ecology associated with dental caries: Understanding of microbial interactions in oral communities leads to development of therapeutic strategies targeting cariogenic biofilms. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 122:27-75. [PMID: 37085193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm is a sessile community characterized by cells attached to the surface and organized into a complex structural arrangement. Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease caused by infection with cariogenic pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, and associated with frequent exposure to a sugar-rich diet and poor oral hygiene. The virulence of cariogenic biofilms is often associated with the spatial organization of S. mutans enmeshed with exopolysaccharides on tooth surfaces. However, in the oral cavity, S. mutans does not act alone, and several other microbes contribute to cariogenic biofilm formation. Microbial communities in cariogenic biofilms are spatially organized into complex structural arrangements of various microbes and extracellular matrices. The balance of microbiota diversity with reduced diversity and a high proportion of acidogenic-aciduric microbiota within the biofilm is closely related to the disease state. Understanding the characteristics of polymicrobial biofilms and the association of microbial interactions within the biofilm (e.g., symbiosis, cooperation, and competition) in terms of their potential role in the pathogenesis of oral disease would help develop new strategies for interventions in virulent biofilm formation.
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Malacrida AM, Corrêa JL, Barros ILE, Veiga FF, Pereira EDCA, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Hospital Trichosporon asahii isolates with simple architecture biofilms and high resistance to antifungals routinely used in clinical practice. J Mycol Med 2022; 33:101356. [PMID: 36563454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections by Trichosporon spp. are increasing worldwide and its treatment remains a challenge. Colonization of medical devices has been considered as a predisposing factor for trichosporonosis, which is related to fungal biofilm production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of six hospital T. asahii isolates to form biofilm on abiotic surface, as well as to investigate the impact of three classic antifungals on both planktonic and biofilm forms. The fungal identification was based on macro and micromorphological characteristics, biochemical tests and confirmation by mass spectrometry assisted by the flight time desorption/ionization matrix (MALDI-TOF MS). Antifungal susceptibility assay of planktonic cells showed inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 µg/mL for voriconazole, 2 to 8 µg/mL for fluconazole, and 1 to 4 µg/mL for amphotericin B. All T. asahii strains were able to form biofilms on the polystyrene microplates surface within 24 h, showing a simple architecture when compared with Candida spp. biofilm. On the other hand, the same antifungals did not show action in neither the inhibition of biofilm formation nor on the formed biofilm. Concluding, the present study reinforced the relevance of the MALDI-TOF MS methodology for a safe identification of T. asahii. Classic antifungals were active on the planktonic form, but not on the biofilms. All isolates formed biofilms on the polystyrene microplates and showed a simple architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Milene Malacrida
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Luiz Corrêa
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabella Letícia Esteves Barros
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Franco Veiga
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elton da Cruz Alves Pereira
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Division of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Rotich W. Botanical aspects, chemical overview, and pharmacological activities of 14 plants used to formulate a Kenyan Multi-Herbal Composition (CareVid™). SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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9
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Hwang G. In it together: Candida-bacterial oral biofilms and therapeutic strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:183-196. [PMID: 35218311 PMCID: PMC8957517 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Under natural environmental settings or in the human body, the majority of microorganisms exist in complex polymicrobial biofilms adhered to abiotic and biotic surfaces. These microorganisms exhibit symbiotic, mutualistic, synergistic, or antagonistic relationships with other species during biofilm colonization and development. These polymicrobial interactions are heterogeneous, complex and hard to control, thereby often yielding worse outcomes than monospecies infections. Concerning fungi, Candida spp., in particular, Candida albicans is often detected with various bacterial species in oral biofilms. These Candida-bacterial interactions may induce the transition of C. albicans from commensal to pathobiont or dysbiotic organism. Consequently, Candida-bacterial interactions are largely associated with various oral diseases, including dental caries, denture stomatitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral cancer. Given the severity of oral diseases caused by cross-kingdom consortia that develop hard-to-remove and highly drug-resistant biofilms, fundamental research is warranted to strategically develop cost-effective and safe therapies to prevent and treat cross-kingdom interactions and subsequent biofilm development. While studies have shed some light, targeting fungal-involved polymicrobial biofilms has been limited. This mini-review outlines the key features of Candida-bacterial interactions and their impact on various oral diseases. In addition, current knowledge on therapeutic strategies to target Candida-bacterial polymicrobial biofilms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geelsu Hwang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding Author: Geelsu Hwang,
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10
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Menon LU, Scoffield JA, Jackson JG, Zhang P. Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.849274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a highly prevalent and costly chronic oral infectious disease in preschool children. Candida albicans has been frequently detected in children and has demonstrated cariogenic traits. However, since ECC is a multifactorial infectious disease with many predisposing non-microbial factors, it remains to be elucidated whether the presence and accumulation of C. albicans in ECC is merely a consequence of the adaptation of C. albicans to a cariogenic oral environment, or it plays an active role in the initiation and progression of dental caries. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on C. albicans and the risk of ECC, with a focus on its synergistic relationship with the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans. We also highlight recent advances in the development of approaches to disrupt C. albicans-S. mutans cross-kingdom biofilms in ECC prevention and treatment. Longitudinal clinical studies, including interventional clinical trials targeting C. albicans, are necessary to ascertain if C. albicans indeed contributes in a significant manner to the initiation and progression of ECC. In addition, further work is needed to understand the influence of other bacteria and fungi of oral microbiota on C. albicans-S. mutans interactions in ECC.
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11
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Pohl CH. Recent Advances and Opportunities in the Study of Candida albicans Polymicrobial Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:836379. [PMID: 35252039 PMCID: PMC8894716 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.836379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, can form polymicrobial biofilms with a variety of bacteria, both in vitro and in vivo, and that these polymicrobial biofilms can impact the course and management of disease. Although specific interactions are often described as either synergistic or antagonistic, this may be an oversimplification. Polymicrobial biofilms are complex two-way interacting communities, regulated by inter-domain (inter-kingdom) signaling and various molecular mechanisms. This review article will highlight advances over the last six years (2016-2021) regarding the unique biology of polymicrobial biofilms formed by C. albicans and bacteria, including regulation of their formation. In addition, some of the consequences of these interactions, such as the influence of co-existence on antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence, will be discussed. Since the aim of this knowledge is to inform possible alternative treatment options, recent studies on the discovery of novel anti-biofilm compounds will also be included. Throughout, an attempt will be made to identify ongoing challenges in this area.
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12
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Khan F, Bamunuarachchi NI, Pham DTN, Tabassum N, Khan MSA, Kim YM. Mixed biofilms of pathogenic Candida-bacteria: regulation mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:699-727. [PMID: 34003065 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1921696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilm is one of the most frequently recorded clinical problems. Mixed biofilms develop as a result of interactions between microorganisms of a single or multiple species (e.g. bacteria and fungi). Candida spp., particularly Candida albicans, are known to associate with various bacterial species to form a multi-species biofilm. Mixed biofilms of Candida spp. have been previously detected in vivo and on the surfaces of many biomedical instruments. Treating infectious diseases caused by mixed biofilms of Candida and bacterial species has been challenging due to their increased resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Here, we review and discuss the clinical significance of mixed Candida-bacteria biofilms as well as the signalling mechanisms involved in Candida-bacteria interactions. We also describe possible approaches for combating infections associated with mixed biofilms, such as the use of natural or synthetic drugs and combination therapy. The review presented here is expected to contribute to the advances in the biomedical field on the understanding of underlying interaction mechanisms of pathogens in mixed biofilm, and alternative approaches to treating the related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Tangalle, Sri Lanka
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Center of Excellence for Biochemistry and Natural Products, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industrial Convergence Bionix Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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NİGUSSİE G, IBRAHİM F, WEREDE Y. Phytochemistry, Ethnomedicinal uses and Pharmacological Properties of Rhamnus prinoides: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2021. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.833554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Van Dyck K, Pinto RM, Pully D, Van Dijck P. Microbial Interkingdom Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:412. [PMID: 33671126 PMCID: PMC7921918 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal and bacterial species interact with each other within polymicrobial biofilm communities in various niches of the human body. Interactions between these species can greatly affect human health and disease. Diseases caused by polymicrobial biofilms pose a major challenge in clinical settings because of their enhanced virulence and increased drug tolerance. Therefore, different approaches are being explored to treat fungal-bacterial biofilm infections. This review focuses on the main mechanisms involved in polymicrobial drug tolerance and the implications of the polymicrobial nature for the therapeutic treatment by highlighting clinically relevant fungal-bacterial interactions. Furthermore, innovative treatment strategies which specifically target polymicrobial biofilms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Dyck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (K.V.D.); (R.M.P.); (D.P.)
- VIB—KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita M. Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (K.V.D.); (R.M.P.); (D.P.)
- VIB—KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Durgasruthi Pully
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (K.V.D.); (R.M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (K.V.D.); (R.M.P.); (D.P.)
- VIB—KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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