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Pugliese N, Alfarone L, Arcari I, Giugliano S, Parigi TL, Rescigno M, Lleo A, Aghemo A. Clinical features and management issues of NAFLD-related HCC: what we know so far. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:31-43. [PMID: 36576057 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2162503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is replacing viral hepatitis as the leading cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many Western countries. NAFLD-associated HCC usually affects older patients with multiple comorbidities, frequently develops in the absence of cirrhosis, and is often diagnosed later with worse chance of survival. The worse prognosis is also due to limited surveillance strategies and a lower efficacy of standard treatments. AREAS COVERED We evaluate the available literature to understand the current surveillance strategies and treatment limitations in the workup of NAFLD-associated HCC, focusing on the differences with HCC associated with other liver diseases. EXPERT OPINION In this review we discuss epidemiology and risk factors for HCC in NAFLD patients and address key HCC surveillance and management issues. Although most data are still preliminary, the detection of non-cirrhotic NAFLD patients at increased risk for HCC and the potential adoption of novel screening tools could lead to accurate and suitable HCC surveillance and management strategies for NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pugliese
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alfarone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Arcari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Giugliano
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Microbiota, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Microbiota, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Tong Y, Cai R, Li JX, Chang DH, Wang LZ, Cai WW, Xiao YD. Liver resection versus microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in ideal candidates for ablation per Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging: a propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1602-1614. [PMID: 36285593 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver resection (LRE) and microwave ablation (MWA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been widely compared. AIMS To compare the therapeutic outcomes of percutaneous MWA and LRE for HCC in ideal candidates for ablation according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging METHODS: Between August 2013 and November 2020, 483 consecutive patients meeting criteria for "ideal candidates for ablation" per the BCLC staging initially treated with MWA (n = 168) or LRE (n = 315) were included. Patients were further divided into BCLC-0 (n = 116) and BCLC-A (n = 367) groups. Overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and post-procedure-related complication rates were compared before and after propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) in the overall population and subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether the treatment modality was an independent prognostic factor. RESULTS LRE had a better RFS and similar OS and post-procedure-related complication rates compared to MWA in the overall population and in the BCLC-A subgroup both before and after PSM and IPTW. However, the OS, RFS and post-procedure-related complication rates were equivalent between the two groups before and after PSM and IPTW in patients with BCLC-0 disease. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that LRE was associated with better RFS over MWA in overall population (p = 0.003; HR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51-0.87) and BCLC-A disease (p = 0.046; HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.99), while it did not differ in OS. CONCLUSION An 'ideal candidate for ablation' according to the BCLC staging system may not be an ideal candidate for MWA. However, patients with BCLC-0 may be the optimal population for MWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - De-Hua Chang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li-Zhou Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen-Wu Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Dong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li JX, Zhou P, Chang DH, Tong Y, Bao Y, Xiao YD, Zhou S, Cai WW. Ideal patients for liver resection in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer or Hong Kong Liver clinic systems for hepatocellular carcinoma: Conservative or aggressive? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:977135. [PMID: 36314035 PMCID: PMC9614110 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.977135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging and the Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) staging have their own definitions of ideal patients for liver resection (IPLR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to compare the prognosis of IPLRs between the BCLC and HKLC staging systems, and to identify patients who may benefit from liver resection (LR) in the HKLC staging but beyond the BCLC staging. Methods This retrospective study evaluated 1,296 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent LR between August 2013 and April 2021 (457 patients and 1,046 patients were IPLR according to the BCLC and HKLC staging systems, respectively). Overall survival (OS) was compared between the two groups. To assess potential benefit of LR for IPLR in the HKLC staging but beyond the BCLC staging, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine prognostic factors of OS, and prognostic stratification was performed based on the selected prognostic factors. The IPLRs in the HKLC staging but beyond the BCLC staging were divided into subgroups according to the prognostic stratification and separately compared with the IPLRs in the BCLC staging. Results OS was different between the two staging systems (P = 0.011). All the 457 IPLRs in the BCLC staging were also the IPLRs in the HKLC staging. Diameter of the largest tumor5 cm (HR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.18–2.10; P = 0.002) and liver cirrhosis (HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.19–2.20; P = 0.002) were risk factors for poor OS in IPLRs in the HKLC staging but beyond the BCLC staging; hence, patients were divided into the low-risk (n = 104), intermediate-risk (n = 369), and high-risk groups (n = 116) accordingly. There was no difference in OS between patients in the BCLC staging and patients in low-risk group (P = 0.996). However, OS was significantly different between patients in the BCLC staging and those in intermediate-risk (P = 0.003) and high-risk groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion IPLRs in the BCLC staging system have better prognosis. However, IPLRs in the HKLC staging system but beyond the BCLC staging may have equivalent prognosis to IPLRs in the BCLC staging if the tumor size is ≤ 5 cm and liver cirrhosis is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xiang Li
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- 2Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - De-Hua Chang
- 3Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yao Tong
- 4Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Bao
- 5Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Dong Xiao
- 4Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, China,5Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,*Correspondence: Shi Zhou,
| | - Wen-Wu Cai
- 6Department of Liver Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Wen-Wu Cai,
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Qin W, Wang L, Hu B, Tian H, Xiao C, Luo H, Yang Y. Anatomical sites (Takasaki's segmentation) predicts the recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Surg 2021; 21:278. [PMID: 34082743 PMCID: PMC8176619 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until now, several classification staging system and treatment algorithm for hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) has been presented. However, anatomical location is not taken into account in these staging systems. The aim of this study is to investigate whether anatomical sites could predict the postoperative recurrence of HCC patients. Methods 294 HCC patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. A novel score classification based on anatomical sites was established by a Cox regression model and validated in the internal validation cohort. Results HCC patients were stratified according to the novel score classification into three groups (score 0, score 1–3 and score 4–6). The predictive accuracy of the novel recurrence score for HCC patients as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) at 1, 3, and 5 years (AUCs 0.703, 0.706, and 0.605) was greater than that of the other representative classification systems. These findings were supported by the internal validation cohort. For patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) 0 and A stage, our data demonstrated that there was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) between patients with score 0 and liver transplantation recipients. Additionally, we introduced this novel classification system to guide anatomical liver resection for centrally located liver tumors. Conclusion The novel score classification may provide a reliable and objective model to predict the RFS of HCC after hepatic resection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12893-021-01275-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Beiyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huan Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510235, China
| | - Cuicui Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huanxian Luo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Anstee QM, Reeves HL, Kotsiliti E, Govaere O, Heikenwalder M. From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:411-428. [PMID: 31028350 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caloric excess and sedentary lifestyle have led to a global epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The hepatic consequence of metabolic syndrome and obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is estimated to affect up to one-third of the adult population in many developed and developing countries. This spectrum of liver disease ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Owing to the high prevalence of NAFLD, especially in industrialized countries but also worldwide, and the consequent burden of progressive liver disease, there is mounting epidemiological evidence that NAFLD has rapidly become a leading aetiology underlying many cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this Review, we discuss NAFLD-associated HCC, including its epidemiology, the key features of the hepatic NAFLD microenvironment (for instance, adaptive and innate immune responses) that promote hepatocarcinogenesis and the management of HCC in patients with obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities. The challenges and future directions of research will also be discussed, including clinically relevant biomarkers for early detection, treatment stratification and monitoring as well as approaches to therapies for both prevention and treatment in those at risk or presenting with NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Helen L Reeves
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Multidisciplinary Team, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elena Kotsiliti
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Singal AG, Parikh ND, Rich NE, John BV, Pillai A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance and Staging. MOLECULAR AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21540-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The Prognostic Ability of Major Hepatocellular Carcinoma Staging Systems Is Improved by Including a Treatment Variable. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2277-2284. [PMID: 29808245 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There has been significant debate regarding which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) staging system is best able to predict survival. We hypothesized that the prognostic ability of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) systems would be improved with the addition of an explicit treatment variable. METHODS We performed an analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort of 292 patients undergoing 532 treatment episodes for HCC from 2006 to 2014. BCLC, standard nine-stage HKLC (HKLC9), and modified five-stage HKLC (HKLC5) for each treatment episode were assessed. Overall survival and time to disease progression were calculated for the initial treatment, re-treatment, and overall treatment cohorts. We compared the performance of various prognostic models including staging system alone, treatment alone, and staging system plus treatment using the corrected Akaike information criterion and Harrell's C statistic. RESULTS The BCLC, HKLC5, and HKLC9 systems were significant predictors of survival and time to progression for all treatment cohorts (log rank test, p < 0.001). The addition of a treatment variable significantly improved (p < 0.01) the prognostic ability of the survival and time to progression models compared with those containing only the BCLC or HKLC stage across all treatment cohorts other than survival in re-treatment for BCLC (p = 0.094). CONCLUSIONS Adding a treatment variable to major HCC staging systems improves their ability to predict survival and time to progression in initial treatment, re-treatment, and overall.
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Management consensus guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma: 2016 updated by the Taiwan Liver Cancer Association and the Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 117:381-403. [PMID: 29074347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in Taiwan. To help clinical physicians to manage patients with HCC, the Taiwan Liver Cancer Association and the Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan produced the management consensus guideline for HCC. METHODS The recommendations focus on nine important issues on management of HCC, including surveillance, diagnosis, staging, surgery, local ablation, transarterial chemoembolization/transarterial radioembolization/hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, systemic therapy, radiotherapy, and prevention. RESULTS The consensus statements were discussed, debated and got consensus in each expert team. And then the statements were sent to all of the experts for further discussion and refinement. Finally, all of the experts were invited to vote for the statements, including the level of evidence and recommendation. CONCLUSION With the development of the management consensus guideline, HCC patients could benefit from the optimal therapeutic modality.
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Zhong JH, Peng NF, You XM, Ma L, Xiang X, Wang YY, Gong WF, Wu FX, Xiang BD, Li LQ. Tumor stage and primary treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma at a large tertiary hospital in China: A real-world study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18296-18302. [PMID: 28407686 PMCID: PMC5392328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current clinical reality of tumor stages and primary treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. This study reviewed the distribution of tumor stages and primary treatment modalities among a large population of patients with primary HCC. Medical records of patients treated between January 2003 and October 2013 for primary HCC at our tertiary hospital in China were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 6241 patients were analyzed. The distribution of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages was as follows: stage 0/A, 28.9%; stage B, 16.2%; stage C, 53.6%; stage D, 1.3%. The distribution of Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) stages was as follows: stage I, 8.4%; stage IIa, 1.5%; stage IIb, 29.0%; stage IIIa, 10.0%; stage IIIb, 33.6%; stage IVa, 3.4%; stage IVb, 2.5%; stage Va, 0.2%; stage Vb, 11.4%. The most frequent therapy was hepatic resection for patients with BCLC-0/A/B disease, and transarterial chemoembolization for patients with BCLC-C disease. Both these treatments were the most frequent for patients with HKLC I to IIIb disease, while systemic chemotherapy was the most frequent first-line therapy for patients with HKLC IVa or IVb disease. The most frequent treatment for patients with HKLC Va/Vb disease was traditional Chinese medicine. In conclusion, Prevalences of BCLC-B and -C disease, and of HKLC I to IIIb disease, were relatively high in our patient population. Hepatic resection and transarterial chemoembolization were frequent first-line therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ning-Fu Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xue-Mei You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wen-Feng Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
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Wallace MC, Huang Y, Preen DB, Garas G, Adams LA, MacQuillan G, Tibballs J, Ferguson J, Samuelson S, Jeffrey GP. HKLC Triages More Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients to Curative Therapies Compared to BCLC and Is Associated with Better Survival. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2182-2192. [PMID: 28547649 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) system proposes to triage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients to more aggressive treatment and may be associated with superior survival compared with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) system. We aimed to identify the influence of adherence to HKLC or BCLC treatment recommendations on survival and time to progression. METHODS We examined a prospectively enrolled cohort of 292 patients undergoing 532 treatment episodes from a single clinical center. RESULTS The BCLC and HKLC systems accurately predicted overall survival and time to progression after each treatment episode (BCLC: p < 0.001; HKLC: p < 0.001). Adherence to treatment recommendations was higher for HKLC than for BCLC (55.6 vs. 47.9%, p = 0.01). Survival was superior with adherence to HKLC recommendations compared to non-adherence (45.3 vs. 27.1 months, p < 0.001). There was no difference in survival in BCLC with adherence compared to non-adherence (34.6 vs. 32.3 months, p = 0.96). The survival benefit was limited to early- and very early stage disease for both HKLC (p < 0.001) and BCLC (p = 0.007). More patients were triaged to curative therapies by HKLC than BCLC (p = 0.004). The use of transarterial chemoembolization instead of ablation or resection in early- and very early stage disease for technical reasons was the major cause for non-recommended treatment and was associated with worse survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data support the use of HKLC in early- and very early stage HCC. Efforts should be made to overcome technical reasons for not performing ablation in early- and very early stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Wallace
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - David B Preen
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - George Garas
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Leon A Adams
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Gerry MacQuillan
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tibballs
- Department of Radiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - John Ferguson
- Department of Radiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shaun Samuelson
- Department of Radiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Gary P Jeffrey
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Zhong JH, Torzilli G, Xing H, Li C, Han J, Liang L, Zhang H, Dai SY, Li LQ, Shen F, Yang T. Controversies and evidence of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:125-130. [PMID: 27761414 PMCID: PMC5067978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often go unnoticed, so more than half of patients with primary HCC are diagnosed after their disease has already reached an intermediate or advanced stage, or after portal hypertension has appeared. While hepatic resection is widely recognized as a first-line therapy to treat very early or early HCC, its use in treating intermediate or advanced HCC or HCC involving portal hypertension remains controversial. Here we review PubMed-indexed literature covering the use of hepatic resection for such patients. The available evidence strongly suggests that, as a result of improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, hepatic resection can benefit many patients with intermediate or advanced HCC or with HCC associated with portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guido Torzilli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yang Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Adhoute X, Penaranda G, Raoul JL, Bourlière M. Staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: BCLC system, what else! Liver Int 2016; 36:1395-6. [PMID: 26778275 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Adhoute
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean Luc Raoul
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmette Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bourlière
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph Marseille, Marseille, France
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