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Escobar-González M, López-Martín JM, Mentaberre G, Valldeperes M, Estruch J, Tampach S, Castillo-Contreras R, Conejero C, Roldán J, Lavín S, Serrano E, López-Olvera JR. Evaluating hunting and capture methods for urban wild boar population management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173463. [PMID: 38802001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Wild ungulates are expanding in range and number worldwide leading to an urgent need to manage their populations to minimize conflicts and promote coexistence with humans. In the metropolitan area of Barcelona (MAB), wild boar is the main wildlife species causing a nuisance, from traffic accidents to health risks. Selective harvesting of specific sex and age classes and reducing anthropogenic food resources would be the most efficient approach to dealing with overpopulation. Nonetheless, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the age and sex selectivity of the capture methods currently applied in the MAB for wild boar population control. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance and age and sex bias of different hunting and capture methods and the seasonal patterns in their performance (number of captured individuals per event). From February 2014 to August 2022, 1454 wild boars were captured in the MAB using drop net, teleanaesthesia, cage traps, night stalks, and drive hunting. We applied generalized linear models (GLM) to compare the performance of these methods for the total number of wild boars, the wild boars belonging to each age category (i.e., adult, yearling, and juvenile), and for each season. The studied capture methods showed age-class bias and sex bias in adults (>2 years). Drive hunting and drop net removed mainly adult females and yearlings (1-2 years), with drive hunting having the highest performance for adult males. Instead, cage traps and drop net were the best methods to capture juveniles (<1 year). Overall, global performance was higher in summer, decreasingly followed by autumn and spring, winter being the worst performing season. Wildlife managers and researchers should consider the different performance and sex and age bias of each hunting and capture method, as well as the associated public cost, to improve efficiency and achieve the best results in wild boar population management.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar-González
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep-Maria López-Martín
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agraria (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Valldeperes
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Estruch
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Tampach
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-Contreras
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Fundación Artemisan, Avda. Rey Santo 8, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carles Conejero
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Roldán
- Forestal Catalana SA, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Grzegorczyk E, Caizergues A, Eraud C, Francesiaz C, Le Rest K, Guillemain M. Demographic and evolutionary consequences of hunting of wild birds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1298-1313. [PMID: 38409953 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hunting has a long tradition in human evolutionary history and remains a common leisure activity or an important source of food. Herein, we first briefly review the literature on the demographic consequences of hunting and associated analytical methods. We then address the question of potential selective hunting and its possible genetic/evolutionary consequences. Birds have historically been popular models for demographic studies, and the huge amount of census and ringing data accumulated over the last century has paved the way for research about the demographic effects of harvesting. By contrast, the literature on the evolutionary consequences of harvesting is dominated by studies on mammals (especially ungulates) and fish. In these taxa, individuals selected for harvest often have particular traits such as large body size or extravagant secondary sexual characters (e.g. antlers, horns, etc.). Our review shows that targeting individuals according to such genetically heritable traits can exert strong selective pressures and alter the evolutionary trajectory of populations for these or correlated traits. Studies focusing on the evolutionary consequences of hunting in birds are extremely rare, likely because birds within populations appear much more similar, and do not display individual differences to the same extent as many mammals and fishes. Nevertheless, even without conscious choice by hunters, there remains the potential for selection through hunting in birds, for example by genetically inherited traits such as personality or pace-of-life. We emphasise that because so many bird species experience high hunting pressure, the possible selective effect of harvest in birds and its evolutionary consequences deserves far more attention, and that hunting may be one major driver of bird evolutionary trajectories that should be carefully considered in wildlife management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilienne Grzegorczyk
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 405 Route de Prissé-la-Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Alain Caizergues
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 08 Bd A. Einstein, CS42355, Nantes Cedex 3, 44323, France
| | - Cyril Eraud
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion des Espèces à Enjeux, 405 Route de Prissé-la-Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Charlotte Francesiaz
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 147 Avenue de Lodève, Juvignac, 34990, France
| | - Kévin Le Rest
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, 08 Bd A. Einstein, CS42355, Nantes Cedex 3, 44323, France
| | - Matthieu Guillemain
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13200, France
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3
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Lassis R, Festa‐Bianchet M, Van de Walle J, Pelletier F. Genetic rescue from protected areas is modulated by migration, hunting rate, and timing of harvest. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1105-1118. [PMID: 37360026 PMCID: PMC10286230 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial and marine ecosystems, migrants from protected areas may buffer the risk of harvest-induced evolutionary changes in exploited populations that face strong selective harvest pressures. Understanding the mechanisms favoring genetic rescue through migration could help ensure evolutionarily sustainable harvest outside protected areas and conserve genetic diversity inside those areas. We developed a stochastic individual-based metapopulation model to evaluate the potential for migration from protected areas to mitigate the evolutionary consequences of selective harvest. We parameterized the model with detailed data from individual monitoring of two populations of bighorn sheep subjected to trophy hunting. We tracked horn length through time in a large protected and a trophy-hunted populations connected through male breeding migrations. We quantified and compared declines in horn length and rescue potential under various combinations of migration rate, hunting rate in hunted areas and temporal overlap in timing of harvest and migrations, which affects the migrants' survival and chances to breed within exploited areas. Our simulations suggest that the effects of size-selective harvest on male horn length in hunted populations can be dampened or avoided if harvest pressure is low, migration rate is substantial, and migrants leaving protected areas have a low risk of being shot. Intense size-selective harvest impacts the phenotypic and genetic diversity in horn length, and population structure through changes in proportions of large-horned males, sex ratio and age structure. When hunting pressure is high and overlaps with male migrations, effects of selective removal also emerge in the protected population, so that instead of a genetic rescue of hunted populations, our model predicts undesirable effects inside protected areas. Our results stress the importance of a landscape approach to management, to promote genetic rescue from protected areas and limit ecological and evolutionary impacts of harvest on both harvested and protected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Lassis
- Département de biologie et Centre d'Études NordiquesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Marco Festa‐Bianchet
- Département de biologie et Centre d'Études NordiquesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Joanie Van de Walle
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie et Centre d'Études NordiquesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
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4
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Assessing the sustainability of yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) harvest. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277629. [PMID: 36634074 PMCID: PMC9836266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable wildlife management is necessary to guarantee the viability of source populations; but it is rarely practiced in the tropics. The yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) has long been harvested for its leather. Since 2002 its harvest has operated under a management program in northeastern Argentina, which relies on adaptive management practices, that limit the minimum body length permitted for harvesting, the number of active hunters and the length of hunting seasons. Here we investigated the effects of yellow anaconda harvest on its demography based on 2002-2019 data and show that exploitation levels are sustainable. The gradual reduction in annual hunting effort, due to a decrease in the number of hunters and hunting season duration, reduced the total number of anacondas harvested. Conversely, captures per unit effort increased across the study period. The body size of anacondas was not influenced by the harvesting, and more females than males were caught. We also found that a decrease in mean temperature positively influenced anaconda harvest and the capture of giant individuals. Because sustainable use is a powerful tool for conservation, and anacondas are widespread in South America, these discoveries are highly applicable to other species and regions.
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Chen RS, Soulsbury CD, Lebigre C, Ludwig G, van Oers K, Hoffman JI. Effects of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal in Finnish black grouse (
Lyrurus tetrix
). Evol Appl 2022; 16:625-637. [PMID: 36969146 PMCID: PMC10033861 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive hunting activities such as commercial fishing and trophy hunting can have profound influences on natural populations. However, less intensive recreational hunting can also have subtle effects on animal behaviour, habitat use and movement, with implications for population persistence. Lekking species such as the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) may be especially prone to hunting as leks are temporally and spatially predictable, making them easy targets. Furthermore, inbreeding in black grouse is mainly avoided through female-biased dispersal, so any disruptions to dispersal caused by hunting could lead to changes in gene flow, increasing the risk of inbreeding. We therefore investigated the impact of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal on a metapopulation of black grouse in Central Finland. We genotyped 1065 adult males and 813 adult females from twelve lekking sites (six hunted, six unhunted) and 200 unrelated chicks from seven sites (two hunted, five unhunted) at up to thirteen microsatellite loci. Our initial confirmatory analysis of sex-specific fine-scale population structure revealed little genetic structure in the metapopulation. Levels of inbreeding did not differ significantly between hunted and unhunted sites in neither adults nor chicks. However, immigration rates into hunted sites were significantly higher among adults compared to immigration into unhunted sites. We conclude that the influx of migrants into hunted sites may compensate for the loss of harvested individuals, thereby increasing gene flow and mitigating inbreeding. Given the absence of any obvious barriers to gene flow in Central Finland, a spatially heterogeneous matrix of hunted and unhunted regions may be crucial to ensure sustainable harvests into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Chen
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
| | - Carl D. Soulsbury
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Christophe Lebigre
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE Institut Agro Plouzané France
| | - Gilbert Ludwig
- Institute of Bioeconomy JAMK University of Applied Sciences Tarvaala Finland
| | - Kees van Oers
- Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Joseph I. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
- British Antarctic Survey Cambridge UK
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6
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Sørdalen TK, Halvorsen KT, Olsen EM. Protection from fishing improves body growth of an exploited species. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221718. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hunting and fishing are often size-selective, which favours slow body growth. In addition, fast growth rate has been shown to be positively correlated with behavioural traits that increase encounter rates and catchability in passive fishing gears such as baited traps. This harvest-induced selection should be effectively eliminated in no-take marine-protected areas (MPAs) unless strong density dependence results in reduced growth rates. We compared body growth of European lobster (
Homarus gammarus
) between three MPAs and three fished areas. After 14 years of protection from intensive, size-selective lobster fisheries, the densities in MPAs have increased considerably, and we demonstrate that females moult more frequently and grow more during each moult in the MPAs. A similar, but weaker pattern was evident for males. This study suggests that MPAs can shield a wild population from slow-growth selection, which can explain the rapid recovery of size structure following implementation. If slow-growth selection is a widespread phenomenon in fisheries, the effectiveness of MPAs as a management tool can be higher than currently anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Knutsen Sørdalen
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen, Nye Flødevigvei 20, N-4817 His, Norway
| | | | - Esben Moland Olsen
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen, Nye Flødevigvei 20, N-4817 His, Norway
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7
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Rice C, Larue B, Jex B, Festa Bianchet M. Regulations and hunter preference affect mountain goat harvest and horn length. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wlb3.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Rice
- Dépt de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Benjamin Larue
- Dépt de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Bill Jex
- Fish&Wildlife Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests Smithers BC Canada
| | - Marco Festa Bianchet
- Dépt de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
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8
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Grzegorczyk E, Bézier L, Le‐Rest K, Caizergues A, Francesiaz C, Champagnon J, Guillemain M, Eraud C. Is hunting nonintentionally selective? A test using game bird capture‐dead recoveries. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9285. [PMID: 36188522 PMCID: PMC9486496 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective hunting has various impacts that need to be considered for the conservation and management of harvested populations. The consequences of selective harvest have mostly been studied in trophy hunting and fishing, where selection of specific phenotypes is intentional. Recent studies, however, show that selection can also occur unintentionally. With at least 52 million birds harvested each year in Europe, it is particularly relevant to evaluate the selectivity of hunting on this taxon. Here, we considered 211,806 individuals belonging to 7 hunted bird species to study unintentional selectivity in harvest. Using linear mixed models, we compared morphological traits (mass, wing, and tarsus size) and body condition at the time of banding between birds that were subsequently recovered from hunting during the same year as their banding, and birds that were not recovered. We did not find any patterns showing systematic differences between recovery categories, among our model species, for the traits we studied. Moreover, when a difference existed between recovery categories, it was so small that its biological relevance can be challenged. Hunting of birds in Europe therefore does not show any form of strong selectivity on the morphological and physiological traits that we studied and should hence not lead to any change of these traits either by plastic or by evolutionary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilienne Grzegorczyk
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - Léa Bézier
- Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer Nantes France
| | - Kévin Le‐Rest
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées Nantes France
| | - Alain Caizergues
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées Nantes France
| | - Charlotte Francesiaz
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées Juvignac France
| | - Jocelyn Champagnon
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands Arles France
| | - Matthieu Guillemain
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées Arles France
| | - Cyril Eraud
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Conservation et Gestion des Espèces à enjeux Villiers‐en‐Bois France
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9
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Beckman AK, Richey BMS, Rosenthal GG. Behavioral responses of wild animals to anthropogenic change: insights from domestication. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Lassis R, Festa-Bianchet M, Pelletier F. Effects of hunting pressure and timing of harvest on bighorn sheep horn size. CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trophy hunting can affect weapon size of wild animals through both demographic and evolutionary changes. In bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis Shaw, 1804), intense harvest of young males with fast-growing horns may have partly driven long-term decreases in horn size. These selective effects could be dampened if migrants from protected areas, not subject to artificial selection, survived and reproduced within hunted populations. Bighorn rams undertake long-distance breeding migrations in the weeks preceding the late-November rut. We analysed records of >7 800 trophy bighorn rams shot from 1974 to 2019 in Alberta, Canada, to test the hypothesis that high harvest pressure during breeding migrations was correlated with a greater decrease in horn size. We compared areas with and without a pronounced harvest peak in late October, when male breeding migrations begin. Areas without a pronounced harvest peak in late October, that likely experienced a lower harvest rate, showed a similar temporal decline in horn size, but no increase in age at harvest suggesting a possibly weaker decline in horn growth. Our study suggests that unselected immigrants from protected areas could partly buffer the effects of intense trophy hunting only if harvest pressure was reduced when breeding migrations commence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Lassis
- Université de Sherbrooke, 7321, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Universite de Sherbrooke, 7321, Département de biologie, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Université de Sherbrooke, Biologie, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Lassis R, Festa‐Bianchet M, Pelletier F. Breeding migrations by bighorn sheep males are driven by mating opportunities. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8692. [PMID: 35342589 PMCID: PMC8928905 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In some species where male mating success largely depends on intrasexual competition, males can adopt migratory or resident strategies to seek breeding opportunities. The resulting mixture of resident and migrant tactics within a population can have important ecological, genetic, and evolutionary consequences for metapopulations. Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis males establish a linear dominance hierarchy that influences their mating tactics. Some males perform breeding migrations during the pre‐rut and rut to seek mating opportunities, but little is known about these seasonal movements. We analyzed presence/absence data for 62 marked bighorn males during six mating seasons (20–32 males/year) in the Sheep River Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, where hunting was not allowed. On average, about half of males left their natal population to rut elsewhere. The proportion of males leaving (yearly range 15%–69%) increased as the number of resident mature males increased and the populational sex ratio decreased, with fewer females during the pre‐rut. Among those leaving the park, 24% did so in October, while the trophy sheep hunting season was open. Detailed monitoring of breeding migrations in protected populations could inform management strategies to limit evolutionary impacts of hunting, which can alter size‐dependent mortality and create artificial pressures driving changes on heritable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Lassis
- Département de biologie et Centre d’Études Nordiques Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Marco Festa‐Bianchet
- Département de biologie et Centre d’Études Nordiques Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie et Centre d’Études Nordiques Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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12
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Logan KA, Runge JP. Effects of Hunting on a Puma Population in Colorado. WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Logan
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2300 S. Townsend Avenue Montrose CO 81401 USA
| | - Jonathan P. Runge
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 317 W. Prospect Road Fort Collins CO 80526 USA
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13
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The battle between harvest and natural selection creates small and shy fish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009451118. [PMID: 33619086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009451118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvest of fish and wildlife, both commercial and recreational, is a selective force that can induce evolutionary changes to life history and behavior. Naturally selective forces may create countering selection pressures. Assessing natural fitness represents a considerable challenge in broadcast spawners. Thus, our understanding about the relative strength of natural and fisheries selection is slim. In the field, we compared the strength and shape of harvest selection to natural selection on body size over four years and behavior over one year in a natural population of a freshwater top predator, the northern pike (Esox lucius). Natural selection was approximated by relative reproductive success via parent-offspring genetic assignments over four years. Harvest selection was measured by comparing individuals susceptible to recreational angling with individuals never captured by this gear type. Individual behavior was measured by high-resolution acoustic telemetry. Harvest and natural size selection operated with equal strength but opposing directions, and harvest size selection was consistently negative in all study years. Harvest selection also had a substantial behavioral component independent of body length, while natural behavioral selection was not documented, suggesting the potential for directional harvest selection favoring inactive, timid fish. Simulations of the outcomes of different fishing regulations showed that traditional minimum size-based harvest limits are unlikely to counteract harvest selection without being completely restrictive. Our study suggests harvest selection may be inevitable and recreational fisheries may thus favor small, inactive, shy, and difficult-to-capture fish. Increasing fractions of shy fish in angling-exploited stocks would have consequences for stock assessment and all fisheries operating with hook and line.
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14
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Mitchell CD, Bleich VC, Bowyer RT, Heffelfinger JR, Stewart KM, White PA. A Call for More Nuanced Dialogues About Trophy Hunting. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vernon C. Bleich
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - R. Terry Bowyer
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
| | | | - Kelley M. Stewart
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Paula A. White
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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15
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Schindler S, Ruckstuhl KE, Neuhaus P. Male mating behaviour affects growth of secondary sexual traits: a mechanism for rapid phenotypic change. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Diquelou MC, Griffin AS. Behavioral Responses of Invasive and Nuisance Vertebrates to Harvesting: A Mechanistic Framework. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kavčić K, Corlatti L, Safner T, Budak N, Šprem N. Contrasting patterns of sexually selected traits in Mediterranean and continental populations of European mouflon. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2085-2092. [PMID: 32128140 PMCID: PMC7042679 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of sexually selected traits in highly dimorphic ungulates may be influenced by environmental quality. Variations in habitat conditions can impose different constraints on the allocation of energy resources to male life-history traits, and possibly alter the female preferences for specific features. Here, we compared the horn growth patterns in male European mouflon Ovis aries musimon living in different habitats (Mediterranean vs. continental) but sharing a common genetic origin. We hypothesized that the expression of sexually selected traits such as horn development should be promoted in more favorable habitat conditions (i.e., Mediterranean). Using linear mixed models on data retrieved from individuals harvested under the same hunting regime, we found longer horns and greater individual variance in horn segment length in the Mediterranean population than in the continental one. Furthermore, Mediterranean rams showed no evidence of compensatory horn growth, as opposed to the continental rams. Unexpectedly, horn base circumference was greater in the continental habitat than in the Mediterranean one. The overall results suggest different patterns of investment in horns in the two populations, with seemingly stronger pressure and consequences of sexual selection on mouflon rams living in more favorable environments. Although the role of hunters' selectivity cannot be excluded a priori, our data suggest that the differences in the expression of sexually selected traits in our study populations may be influenced by environmental conditions. Because sexual selection can impose substantial fitness costs on individuals, further investigations on the trade-offs between reproduction and survival would improve our understanding of the dynamics of mouflon populations living in different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Kavčić
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special ZoologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Luca Corlatti
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Toni Safner
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and BiometricsFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP‐BioDiv)ZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special ZoologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
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Bieniek-Kobuszewska M, Borkowski J, Panasiewicz G, Nowakowski JJ. Impact of conservation and hunting on big game species: comparison of the genetic diversity of the red deer population groups from a national park and neighboring hunting areas in northern Poland. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1822936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bieniek-Kobuszewska
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J. Borkowski
- Department of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Management and Agriculture Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - G. Panasiewicz
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J. J. Nowakowski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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19
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Natusch DJD, Lyons JA, Mumpuni, Riyanto A, Shine R. Harvest Effects on Blood Pythons in North Sumatra. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. D. Natusch
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Jessica A. Lyons
- Resource Evaluation and Development Limited Frogs Hollow NSW 2550 Australia
| | - Mumpuni
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for BiologyIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Gd. Widyasatwaloka, Jl. Raya Jakarta‐Bogor km 46 Cibinong Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Awal Riyanto
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for BiologyIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Gd. Widyasatwaloka, Jl. Raya Jakarta‐Bogor km 46 Cibinong Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie University North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
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LaSharr TN, Long RA, Heffelfinger JR, Bleich VC, Krausman PR, Bowyer RT, Shannon JM, Klaver RW, Brewer CE, Cox M, Holland AA, Hubbs A, Lehman CP, Muir JD, Sterling B, Monteith KL. Hunting and mountain sheep: Do current harvest practices affect horn growth? Evol Appl 2019; 12:1823-1836. [PMID: 31548860 PMCID: PMC6752155 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of human harvest on evolution of secondary sexual characteristics has implications for sustainable management of wildlife populations. The phenotypic consequences of selectively removing males with large horns or antlers from ungulate populations have been a topic of heightened concern in recent years. Harvest can affect size of horn-like structures in two ways: (a) shifting age structure toward younger age classes, which can reduce the mean size of horn-like structures, or (b) selecting against genes that produce large, fast-growing males. We evaluated effects of age, climatic and forage conditions, and metrics of harvest on horn size and growth of mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis ssp.) in 72 hunt areas across North America from 1981 to 2016. In 50% of hunt areas, changes in mean horn size during the study period were related to changes in age structure of harvested sheep. Environmental conditions explained directional changes in horn growth in 28% of hunt areas, 7% of which did not exhibit change before accounting for effects of the environment. After accounting for age and environment, horn size of mountain sheep was stable or increasing in the majority (~78%) of hunt areas. Age-specific horn size declined in 44% of hunt areas where harvest was regulated solely by morphological criteria, which supports the notion that harvest practices that are simultaneously selective and intensive might lead to changes in horn growth. Nevertheless, phenotypic consequences are not a foregone conclusion in the face of selective harvest; over half of the hunt areas with highly selective and intensive harvest did not exhibit age-specific declines in horn size. Our results demonstrate that while harvest regimes are an important consideration, horn growth of harvested male mountain sheep has remained largely stable, indicating that changes in horn growth patterns are an unlikely consequence of harvest across most of North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler N. LaSharr
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | | | - Vernon C. Bleich
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Paul R. Krausman
- School of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - R. Terry Bowyer
- Institute of Arctic BiologyUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA
| | | | - Robert W. Klaver
- US Geological Survey, Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Clay E. Brewer
- Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies—Wild Sheep Working GroupTexas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentRochelleTXUSA
| | - Mike Cox
- Nevada Department of WildlifeRenoNVUSA
| | | | - Anne Hubbs
- Alberta Environment and ParksRocky Mountain HouseABCanada
| | | | | | | | - Kevin L. Monteith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
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22
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LaSharr TN, Long RA, Heffelfinger JR, Bleich VC, Krausman PR, Bowyer RT, Shannon JM, Rominger EM, Lehman CP, Cox M, Monteith KL. Biological relevance of antler, horn, and pronghorn size in records programs. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLong-term datasets are becoming increasingly important for assessing population- and species-level responses to a changing environment. Programs that record morphological measurements of horns, antlers, and pronghorns were established in the early- to mid-20th century to collect biological information about animals that possess large horns, antlers, or pronghorns, which could be used to assess the effectiveness of conservation efforts for large mammals in North America. The general relevance of record books has been questioned because of the minimum size requirements for inclusion in a record book, which may mask trends when changes in the population occur. We compared trends in size of antlers, horns, and pronghorns through time using records from three records programs with different minimum size requirements to evaluate the influence of entry requirements on temporal trends. We also investigated whether horn, antler, or pronghorn size affected the probability of specimens being submitted to a records program. Only two of 17 categories exhibited less-pronounced trends in the record book with the highest size requirements for entry, and in two categories trends were more pronounced. Although societal interest in submitting eligible specimens increased slightly over time in one of six categories, the probability of voluntary entry was largely random and not affected by year of harvest or size of specimen. In contrast to previous criticisms, trends in record books should not be expected to represent the size of all males within a population. Instead, our evaluation indicates that the records programs we examined can provide a useful resource for assessing long-term changes in phenotypic characteristics of ungulates, but importantly, they represent the respective range of sizes within which each program collects data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler N LaSharr
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Ryan A Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Vernon C Bleich
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Paul R Krausman
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Terry Bowyer
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mike Cox
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, NV
| | - Kevin L Monteith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Bowyer RT, Boyce MS, Goheen JR, Rachlow JL. Conservation of the world’s mammals: status, protected areas, community efforts, and hunting. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Terry Bowyer
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Mark S Boyce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacob R Goheen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Janet L Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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25
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Mountain sheep management using data versus opinions: A comment on Boyce and Krausman (2018). J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Reznick DN, Losos J, Travis J. From low to high gear: there has been a paradigm shift in our understanding of evolution. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:233-244. [PMID: 30478871 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies of evolution performed in nature and the associated demonstration of rapid evolution, observable on a time scale of months to years, were an acclaimed novelty in the 1980-1990s. Contemporary evolution is now considered ordinary and is an integrated feature of many areas of research. This shift from extraordinary to ordinary reflects a change in the perception of evolution. It was formerly thought of as a historical process, perceived through the footprints left in the fossil record or living organisms. It is now seen as a contemporary process that acts in real time. Here we review how this shift occurred and its consequences for fields as diverse as wildlife management, conservation biology, and ecosystems ecology. Incorporating contemporary evolution in these fields has caused old questions to be recast, changed the answers, caused new and previously inconceivable questions to be addressed, and inspired the development of new subdisciplines. We argue further that the potential of contemporary evolution has yet to be fulfilled. Incorporating evolutionary dynamics in any research program can provide a better assessment of how and why organisms and communities came to be as they are than is attainable without an explicit treatment of these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Jonathan Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4340
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27
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28
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Monakhov VG. Hunting Selectivity and Its Influence on the Structure of Sable Populations in the Cis-Ural Region. RUSS J ECOL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413618050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Markussen SS, Herfindal I, Loison A, Solberg EJ, Haanes H, Røed KH, Heim M, Saether BE. Determinants of age at first reproduction and lifetime breeding success revealed by full paternity assignment in a male ungulate. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stine S. Markussen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Ivar Herfindal
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Anne Loison
- CNRS, UMR 5553 Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, Univ. de Savoie; Le Bourget du Lac France
| | | | - Hallvard Haanes
- The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA); Oslo Norway
| | - Knut H. Røed
- Dept of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian Univ. of Life Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - Morten Heim
- Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA); Trondheim Norway
| | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
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30
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Heffelfinger JR. Obstacles to evolutionary consequences of ungulate trophy hunting: Reply to Kardos et al. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Büntgen U, Galván JD, Mysterud A, Krusic PJ, Hülsmann L, Jenny H, Senn J, Bollmann K. Horn growth variation and hunting selection of the Alpine ibex. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1069-1079. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Global Change Research Centre and Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Juan D. Galván
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Paul J. Krusic
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lisa Hülsmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Forest Ecology; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems; Department of Environmental Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Ecology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Hannes Jenny
- Department of Wildlife and Fishery Service Grisons; Chur Switzerland
| | - Josef Senn
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
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32
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Boyce MS, Krausman PR. Special section: Controversies in mountain sheep management. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Monteith KL, Long RA, Stephenson TR, Bleich VC, Bowyer RT, Lasharr TN. Horn size and nutrition in mountain sheep: Can ewe handle the truth? J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Monteith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming 804 East Fremont St. Laramie WY 82072 USA
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of Idaho 875 Perimeter Dr., MS 1142 Moscow ID 83844 USA
| | - Thomas R. Stephenson
- Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery ProgramCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife 787 North Main Street, Suite 220 Bishop CA 93514 USA
| | - Vernon C. Bleich
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada Reno Mail Stop 186, 1664 North Virginia Street Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - R. Terry Bowyer
- Institute of Arctic BiologyUniversity of Alaska Fairbanks Box 757000 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
| | - Tayler N. Lasharr
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of Wyoming Dept. 3166, 1000 E. University Ave Laramie WY 82071 USA
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35
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Heffelfinger JR. Inefficiency of evolutionarily relevant selection in ungulate trophy hunting. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Challenges and science-based implications for modern management and conservation of European ungulate populations. MAMMAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-017-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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37
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Corlatti L, Storch I, Filli F, Anderwald P. Does selection on horn length of males and females differ in protected and hunted populations of a weakly dimorphic ungulate? Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3713-3723. [PMID: 28616168 PMCID: PMC5468124 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaponry in ungulates may be costly to grow and maintain, and different selective pressures in males and females may lead to sex‐biased natural survival. Sexual differences in the relationship between weapon growth and survival may increase under anthropogenic selection through culling, for example because of trophy hunting. Selection on weaponry growth under different scenarios has been largely investigated in males of highly dimorphic ungulates, for which survival costs (either natural or hunting related) are thought to be greatest. Little is known, however, about the survival costs of weaponry in males and females of weakly dimorphic species. We collected information on horn length and age at death/shooting of 407 chamois Rupicapra rupicapra in a protected population and in two hunted populations with different hunting regimes, to explore sexual differences in the selection on early horn growth under contrasting selective pressures. We also investigated the variation of horn growth and body mass in yearling males (n = 688) and females (n = 539) culled in one of the hunted populations over 14 years. The relationship between horn growth and survival showed remarkable sexual differences under different evolutionary scenarios. Within the protected population, under natural selection, we found no significant trade‐off in either males or females. Under anthropogenic pressure, selection on early horn growth of culled individuals showed diametrically opposed sex‐biased patterns, depending on the culling regime and hunters’ preferences. Despite the selective bias between males and females in one of the hunted populations, we did not detect significant sex‐specific differences in the long‐term pattern of early growth. The relationship between early horn growth and natural survival in either sex might suggest stabilizing selection on horn size in chamois. Selection through culling can be strongly sex‐biased also in weakly dimorphic species, depending on hunters’ preferences and hunting regulations, and long‐term data are needed to reveal potential undesirable evolutionary consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Corlatti
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany.,Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany.,Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ilse Storch
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Flurin Filli
- Swiss National Park Chastè Planta-Wildenberg Zernez Switzerland
| | - Pia Anderwald
- Swiss National Park Chastè Planta-Wildenberg Zernez Switzerland
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38
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Caudill D, Guttery MR, Terhune TM, Martin JA, Caudill G, Dahlgren DK, Messmer TA. Individual heterogeneity and effects of harvest on greater sage-grouse populations. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Caudill
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
| | - Michael R. Guttery
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
| | - Theron M. Terhune
- Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy; Tallahassee FL 32312 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Savannah River Ecology Lab; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30605 USA
| | - Gretchen Caudill
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Gainesville FL 32601 USA
| | - David K. Dahlgren
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
| | - Terry A. Messmer
- Jack H. Berryman Institute, Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-5230 USA
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