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Shiferaw R, Yirgu R, Getnet Y. Evaluating the association between duration of breastfeeding and fine motor development among children aged 20 to 24 months in Butajira, Ethiopia: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:216. [PMID: 38532394 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Suitable environment and proper child nutrition are paramount to a child's physical and mental development. Different environmental factors contribute to proper child development. Breast milk is an important source of nutrition during the early years of life and contains essential nutrients that are the building blocks for growth and development. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the duration of breastfeeding and fine motor development among children aged 20 to 24 months living in Butajira, southern Ethiopia. METHOD Community-based case-control study design was employed among mother-child dyads of children aged 20 to 24 months in Butajira Southern Ethiopia. Children were screened for fine motor delay using the Denver II developmental screening and identified as cases and controls. A repeated visit was done to gather the rest of the information and 332 samples, 83 cases, and 249 controls were available and assessed. Epi-data version 4.4.2.1 software was used to prepare a data entry template, which was later exported to and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Finally, a Multivariable logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounders and estimate the independent effect of breastfeeding duration on fine motor development. RESULT We didn't find a significant association between the duration of breastfeeding from 21 to 24 months and fine motor delay compared to children who were breastfed less than 18 months[AOR: 0.86, 95% CI: (0.36, 2.05)]. Children who have mothers > 35 years of age were 78% less likely than children who had mothers younger than 25 years, Children who had mothers in secondary school and above were 77% less likely than mothers who didn't have formal education, Females were 1.86 times more likely than males, and Children who scored 20-29 on the Home score were 51% less likely than Children who scored < 20 to have fine motor delay. CONCLUSION Duration of breastfeeding was not significantly associated with fine motor delay for children aged 20 to 24 months old. The age of the mother, the educational status of the mother, being female, and Home score were identified to have a significant association with fine motor delay. Improving the educational status and empowerment of women is essential. Further work should be done on avoiding gender differences starting from a young age and creating a conducive environment for child development is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rediate Shiferaw
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.
| | - Robel Yirgu
- Department of nutrition and dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemwork Getnet
- Department of nutrition and dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Kumwenda C, Hemsworth J, Phuka J, Ashorn U, Arimond M, Maleta K, Prado EL, Haskell MJ, Dewey KG, Ashorn P. Association between breast milk intake at 9-10 months of age and growth and development among Malawian young children. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 14:e12582. [PMID: 29349922 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for infants for the first 6 months of life, followed by introduction of nutritious complementary foods alongside breastfeeding. Breast milk remains a significant source of nourishment in the second half of infancy and beyond; however, it is not clear whether more breast milk is always better. The present study was designed to determine the association between amount of breast milk intake at 9-10 months of age and infant growth and development by 12-18 months of age. The study was nested in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Malawi. Regression analysis was used to determine associations between breast milk intake and growth and development. Mean (SD) breast milk intake at 9-10 months of age was 752 (244) g/day. Mean (SD) length-for-age z-score at 12 months and change in length-for-age z-score between 12 and 18 months were -1.69 (1.0) and -0.17 (0.6), respectively. At 18 months, mean (SD) expressive vocabulary score was 32 (24) words and median (interquartile range) skills successfully performed for fine, gross, and overall motor skills were 21 (19-22), 18 (16-19), and 38 (26-40), respectively. Breast milk intake (g/day) was not associated with either growth or development. Proportion of total energy intake from breast milk was negatively associated with fine motor (β = -0.18, p = .015) but not other developmental scores in models adjusted for potential confounders. Among Malawian infants, neither breast milk intake nor percent of total energy intake from breast milk at 9-10 months was positively associated with subsequent growth between 12 and 18 months, or development at 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiza Kumwenda
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Nutrition and Health, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jaimie Hemsworth
- Department of Population Health, Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John Phuka
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mary Arimond
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth L Prado
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marjorie J Haskell
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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